The four major civilizations...

 The four ancient civilizations, or the world's fourth civilization, refer to Egyptian civilization, Mesopotamian civilization, Indus civilization, and the Yellow River civilization. Among them, Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations entered the civilization stage earlier (around 3500 B.C.). All four major civilizations were located in the Northern Hemisphere and were along a large river. In addition, most of them were regions with mild climate and fertile land.

The Middle East is mainly covered with deserts, but the climate and soil at that time were very different from today. Six or seven years ago, the climate in the Middle East was milder than it is now and precipitation was high. In addition, most of India's Indus River basin, as it is today, was covered with green and dense forests, not deserts. (It is said that most of the climates in the four major civilizations were dry, but not as severe as they are today.)

What four major civilizations have in common.

 

(1) It occurred in the large river basin, and farming was well done.

-> The area where the four major civilizations occurred has a warm climate and a large river, so it has a common point that food is abundant because oily soil comes down from the upper stream during floods.

 

(2) The entire monarch emerged.

-> Due to the good farming, large-scale repair projects were required, and for this, they had to cooperate and unite with each other. This situation required strong power to oversee and lead large-scale repair projects. In addition, it is evaluated that the rich culture was very developed compared to other regions based on a rich and prosperous economic life.

 

(3) A city was formed. Civilization (text, etc.) occurred.

-> Through the Neolithic agricultural revolution, human productivity increased significantly. In particular, in the large river basin where irrigation was carried out, the land was fertile and production increased, allowing a large population to gather and live in one place. Thus, a large village was formed, and bronze ware was produced, and wheels, plows, and sailboats were invented, increasing production and developing transportation. In this way, villages gathered together to form a city, and each city built a castle around it, and each independently took the shape of a state. And in these city-states, letters began to be used for various records, and finally entered the stage of civilization. At the center of the city-state where the four major civilizations occurred, there was a huge royal palace inhabited by the supreme ruler, and the king served as a priest at the same time as politics. Tens of thousands of soldiers escorted the king inside and outside the royal palace, and numerous officials around the king assisted the king.  Luxurious mansions and various facilities were conveniently used in these lives in cities where the ruling class lived around the royal palace. However, behind the luxurious life of the ruling class, who fully enjoyed the benefits of civilization, harsh exploitation of countless people was carried out. They overworked numerous slaves on the cultivation of huge owned land and collected enormous taxes and tributes from the people they control. The ruling class started a war to secure more slaves and land, and officials collected enormous tribute from Jeongbok.

 

(4) Laws have been enacted.

-> The ruling class made laws to punish forces challenging their authority, and immediately dispatched troops to suppress them mercilessly if they resisted.

 

(5) The business of showing off the authority of the ruler was active.

-> The size of the palace and tomb is proportional to the authority of the king. In a society where the ruling class and the ruling class are clearly divided, the rulers have used various methods to induce the ruling class to obey their rule. They tried to make their bodies look great by wrapping themselves around expensive ornaments. In addition, in order to enhance his authority, he tried to ensure the permanence of his position by making his house huge and magnificent, and entering a huge tomb as he did when he lived after his death. When the king died in the Eun Dynasty, a funeral service was held to forcibly bury dozens of living people together, and a huge pyramid was created in Egypt to strengthen the authority of the ruler.