It is said that the ship was 8,000 tons (a tremendous scale).It is said to be equivalent to Korea's "King Gwanggaeto Submarine" today. Unlike Koreans who thought foolishly that the center of the world was only China and Japan until the Joseon Dynasty, the Chinese made a world expedition... And unlike European expeditions to colonize and loot, the Chinese were a peaceful friendship expedition through tribute exchange. As expected, I don't think there is a reason why the Chinese people have such great pride in Chinese civilization.The data below are the ones I collected.I'm just really amazed.Read it until the end! ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Jeonghwa (Zheng He, 1371 to 1435), who is revered as a "Chinese Columbus" in China, was born in 1371 (the 4th year of Hongmu's reign) in Gonyang (now Jinning, Yunnan Province).His ancestors were Muslims who migrated from the West to Yunnan during the Yuan Dynasty, and he was the second son of two sons and four daughters.When Yunnan Province was conquered by the Ming Dynasty in 1382, he was arrested and served King Yeon.In the war from 1399 to 1402, he fought for King Yeon and established martial arts, and in the second year of Yeongnak (1404), King Yeon succeeded King Geon Moon-je and was selected as Minister of Hall and was granted the surname of Jeong. At that time, Yeongnakje (1360-1424), which Jeonghwa served, was the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty and was sealed to King Yeon because he was the fourth son of Hongmuje, and was stationed in Beijing to prepare for Mongolian invasion.When Hong Mu-je passed away in 1398, his nephew Geon-su was crowned emperor, Yeongnakje rebelled and took over the capital Nanjing in 1402 and ascended to the emperor.Yeongnakje, who took the throne from his nephew, needed to attract public sentiment to his side, and at that time, the Mongolian Timur Empire was powerful in Central Asia, interfering with land transportation between China and the West. In 1405, Timur started a war against the Ming Dynasty, but the king died in the middle.Since the Ming Dynasty, which had blocked land transportation, needs to contact various countries in southwest Asia through maritime transportation, Yeongnakje made a plan to have Jeonghwa, who he believes, expedite the South Sea.This is what Jeonghwa's expeditioned to the South Sea over about 30 years.His expeditions led the Great Enlightenment seven times from 1405-33 to 30 countries from Southeast Asia to the East Sea of Africa to promote the national prestige of the Ming Dynasty, acquire trade benefits, and renewed the Chinese awareness of the South Sea.It also contributed greatly to the development of Chinese in various parts of Southeast Asia, leading to today's Chinese group. Jeonghwa's expedition to Namhae is from the 1st: Youngrak 3rd to the winter of 1405th to September 2nd, 2nd: 5th (1407) winter to the summer of 7th (1409) September 16th to the 9th, 4th: 11th (1413) winter, 5th (1417) winter of July 17th (146:21st, 17th. First of all, looking at the size of his fleet, for example, the first expedition consists of 62 large ships with a maximum length of 44 characters and a width of 18, and the number of people exceeded 27,000. In addition to soldiers, sailors, carpenters who make ships, interpreters, clerks, and doctors were included. The size of the ship from here is about 150m long and about 60m wide, equivalent to an 8,000-ton ship compared to the size of the ship of Jeonghwa.Until now, this story was questioned because it was said that such a large ship could not be built in the early 15th century, and in May 1957, a part of the ship's height was found at a place known to have been a shipyard in Myeongdae, a suburb of Nanjing.Given that the length was 11.1m, the length of the 150m ship is now believed to be the same.It is also said that the distance they sailed is 185,000 km.A hundred years later, Columbus' first voyage in 1492, with 120 people, three ships, and the largest of them, Santa Maria, is said to be 200-250 tons, indicating the size of the cleanup fleet.It is said that the purification fleet entered the Indian Ocean 80 to 90 years ahead of Basco da Gama's arrival in the Indian Ocean. Jeonghwa, who led the expedition, which later became called the "Haseoyang" -Under the West," was confident with a height of more than 7 characters (about 2.1 meters), brave, wise, and fluent in words.It is known that he was a Muslim and returned to Buddhism.This was the most suitable point for him to negotiate with people from various countries. The presidential election team led by Zheng Hua started from Suzhou Port in the northwest of Shanghai, headed south along the coastline to Fuzhou, from which they waited for the seasonal wind in the northeast, and then started toward the South Sea.It was after October that the wind in the northeast began to blow, so the departure from Fuzhou took place in winter. Meanwhile, Suzhou Port was the base of the Navy after the Yuan Dynasty and also an international trade port.In addition, Fuzhou was known as a port of call for ships. The first voyage reached India. In the first expedition, he reached Calcutta at the western foot of India through various Sumatra islands (Indonesia), Malacca (Malaysia), and Ceylon (Srirangka), including Champa (currently central Vietnam), Java and Palembang, and returned home with stone monuments commemorating the landing.The ship returning home was accompanied by envoys of tribute from all over the country to the Ming Dynasty. Champa, the first port of call, was located in the current central Vietnam. The northern part of Vietnam was called Gyoji Gina, and at that time it was under the control of the Ming Dynasty.So I didn't feel that Jeonghwa was in another country.Java, the second port of call, has been negotiating with China since ancient times, and has been rich in products such as pepper used to preserve condiments and food, and rice harvested twice a year.The Javans were willing to buy blue flower porcelain, musk, and beads (small beads for decoration) brought by Jeonghwa's party from China.The Majapahit dynasty, which was located on Java Island at the time, occupied most of Indonesia's islands and had a high-quality culture.Until then, Muslims were also starting to spread on behalf of Hinduism and Buddhism. Jeonghwa's party was caught up in a nothing incident in Java.At that time, in Java, a fight broke out between King Dong and King Seo of the Majapahit dynasty, and King Jindong was killed in the fight.By chance, Jeonghwa's party, which was in the place dominated by King Dong, was also involved in a fight and lost 170 soldiers.Jeonghwa received compensation from King Seo and returned home with an apology.This triggered the collapse of the Mazapahit dynasty. In Palembang, Sumatra Island, Jeonghwa was also involved in an incident.At that time, there were many Chinese from Guangdong and other regions in Palembang.Called Chinese, they were divided into two groups, one of which was pirating by looting property on a passing trade ship.Jeonghwa, who was asked for support from another group, defeated 5,000 pirates and captured the captain in response.The pirate captain, who returned to China with Jeonghwa to be punished, was executed by Yeongnakje.In this way, security in the Palembang region was restored and trade safety was guaranteed. The people of Calcutta were surprised to see Jeonghwa's presidential election. Considering that there were only three fleets of Vasco da Gama (1469?~1524), who returned to Huimangbong Peak in 1498, a century later, and that the Gibamsan Gabriel was only 120 tons.At that time, King Calcutta believed in Buddhism and worshipped cows and elephants, and the national history was bound by the two leaders.Jeonghwa's party traded goods with the people of Calcutta.Chinese people sold be and raw silk, while Calcutta merchants sold pepper, jewelry, and corals.Merchants wrote contracts exactly, and there was no violation of them later.It is said that there was nothing wrong with the calculation. On the second voyage, which had trade relations with each country, he went to Java, Siam (Thai), Calcutta, and Cochin (India), and on his way back, he stopped by Ceylon (Sri Lanka).On the 7th, he sailed from Champa to the southwest and arrived at Siam Port, and from there, he reached Ayutaya, the capital city, up the Menam River. The royal palace here was very luxurious.At that time, King Intaragia I of the Ayutaya Dynasty visited Nanjing before his throne and promised to continue to maintain a tribute relationship.Cochin is a city at the western foot of India, slightly south of Calcutta.There were quite a few Muslims in Korea, but the king believed in Buddhism.A strict caste system was implemented, and it was a mountainous area of pepper, a seasoning.There are few literature records about Jeonghwa's second voyage.However, in 1911, a monument was discovered in a place called Garre of Ceylon.It was written in three languages: Chinese, Tamir, and Persian.Among them, Tamir was a local language, and Persian was an international language at the time.This monument is currently preserved in the Colombo Museum.Jeonghwa wrote on the monument that she thanked the monument for its peaceful voyage and offered it to the Buddhist temple to pray for future safety. In the 3rd voyage involving dangerous battles, he fumbled almost the same route as the 2nd one and stopped by Jakarta, Java, Malacca, Sumatra, Ceylon, Cuiron (India), Cochin, and Calcutta.At that time, Malacca was under the pressure of King Mazapahit of Siam in the north and Java in the south.To counter this, Malacca asked the Ming Dynasty for support.At this request, the Ming Dynasty promised to make Malacca a protected country of the Ming Dynasty with Zheng Hua as its envoy.Therefore, the invasion from Siam disappeared, and Malacca rapidly restored its national power and developed into a powerful country that dominates most of the Malay Peninsula and the eastern foot of Sumatra Island.Later, Malacca became a tribute to the Ming Dynasty, and the relationship continued until it was destroyed under the attack of Portugal in 1511.
The famous product of Ceylon was Yongjeonghyang.It was a kind of pathological secretion that occurred in the body of a flavored whale.Chinese people thought that the dragon's saliva was hardened from its strange shape, color, and wonderful scent, and used it as a fragrance, cosmetics, and medicine.At that time, the discourse was in an unstable state.The king, who heard that Jeonghwa would stop by Ceylon on his way to China, said that gold and silver were dedicated to treasure, and planned to attack his ancestors by mobilizing 50,000 soldiers.Recognizing it, Jeong-hwa led 2,000 soldiers to attack the royal castle first, catching the king and his family and receiving a promise to subjugate to the Ming Dynasty. On the 4th voyage, which brought giraffes across the sea, he climbed further northwest from Calcutta to Hormuz. This Hormuz is the westernmost land where Jeonghwa and his party went. Rejoiceed, King Hormuz sent lions, giraffes, Arabic horses, and Persian pearls on board as used goods to the King of the Ming Dynasty. Byeoldae, which broke up with Bondae in Sumatra, visited Mogandish, Brava, and Marinedi at the eastern foot of the African continent through the Maldives (Indian Maldives Archipelago), went northward through Aden and Zfar on the Arabian Peninsula, and returned home about a year later than Bondae. In response to the invitation from the country where the annex visited, a tribute envoy visited China.In Sumatra, Jeonghwa was also involved in an incident. King Sumatra was attacked by king Nakur of neighboring countries and died by a poison arrow during battle. The king had a son, but because he was young, he could not avenge his father. The queen promised the people that "if there is anyone who avenges her husband and restores the country, he becomes his wife, and he becomes king of this country." An old fisherman appeared and avenged the king nicely.As promised, the queen married him and called him the old king and took over state affairs. However, the son of the young King Seon became an adult, killing his stepfather, the old king, with his subordinates and succeeding the throne. In this way, a fight broke out between the son of the king and the brother of the old king. At this time, Jeong-hwa helped the son of the king and crowned him. The new king, grateful to Jeonghwa, promised to continue his tribute relationship with the Ming Dynasty. The route of the 5th and 6th voyage, which was effectively achieved with experience, was almost the same as the route of the 4th voyage. In other words, the main base led by Jeonghwa went to Hormuz, and the annex went to the eastern foot of the African continent and the Arabian Peninsula. During the previous voyage, kings of various countries dedicated lions, giraffes, Arabic horses, zebras, camels, ostriches, etc., who were told that the king of the Ming Dynasty loved giraffe and other rare animals.Among them, the Chinese like giraffe the most. It is not clear how far Jeonghwa's main base went on the 6th voyage. As before, there are theories that he went all the way to Hormuz and that he only went to Sumatra and Siam.However, the annex side went from the eastern foot of Africa to the Persian Gulf as it has been.Among the products at the eastern foot of Africa, the Chinese were particularly interested in Confucianism.It is a resin fragrance obtained from trees growing in this area, which the Chinese valued as a fragrance and cosmetics. Jeonghwa, who was ordered by Yeongnakje from January to August in the 22nd year of Yeongnak (1424) between the 6th and 7th voyages, went to Palembang. After the death of the minister of Palembang, there was a dispute between the son and the daughter, and the son side has won and has requested that he wants to continue his father's office. It was to convey to him the words of Yeongnakje to approve it.However, this voyage was small, so it is not considered one of the opponents of purification. In this voyage, Yeongrakje died at the end of July, just before Jeonghwa returned, and his son Hong Hee-je followed. However, Hong Hee-je passed away in less than a year, followed by his son, Seondeokje. The 7th voyage, Hong Hee-je, who became the last voyage of purification, opposed Jeonghwa's counterattack on the grounds that it would cost a lot of money.However, Seondeokje highly appreciated his grandfather's work, and the 7th voyage was carried out under the Seondeokje.Even on this voyage, Jeonghwa's main base went all the way to Hormuz, and the annex went all the way to the eastern foot of Africa and the Persian Gulf. Seven of the annexes visited Mecca (Saudi Arabia), the holy place of Islam. This has not happened in the voyage so far. They wrote about the temple of Kaba, a Muslim temple in Mecca, as follows. This temple has 466 gates surrounding the walls.There are white jade pillars on both sides of the door, and the number of pillars is 467. There are 99 in the front, 101 in the back, 132 on the left, and 135 on the right.Also, there is Mezzina a day's journey to the west of Mecca. The tomb of Saint Muhammad is in this castle.' It was also recorded. Soon after returning from the 7th voyage, Jeonghwa died in Nanjing in 1434. Compared to Jeonghwa's public northern Silk Road, which pioneered the Silk Road of the Sea, it pioneered the Namhae route called the Silk Road of the Sea or the Path of Pottery, and advanced across the Indian Ocean to Pershaman and Northeast Africa, sometimes maintaining tribute to China and promoting Chinese's active overseas expansion. Mahwan, a Chinese Muslim who accompanied Jeonghwa's expedition, left this voyage record with testimony from the "Asian Age of the Sea." This record of detailed "西西" on rare knowledge while sailing is also recognized for its importance in geography. Other characters such as "Seongcha Seungram" by Bishin and "Western Beongukji" by Gongjin contributed to the development of Chinese Buddhism in the South Sea by rapidly enhancing Chinese knowledge of Namjina. In addition, thanks to these epigraphs, traces of purification can be traced, and parallel to Marco Polo's <The Eastern epigraph> made Europeans curious about the East. Jeonghwa's spirit of pioneering the ocean has great implications for us.China became a world power due to the expedition of purification, but China gave up the sea at the end of the purification fleet, so after that, Western imperialist forces had to rush through the sea and suffer trials and humiliation.I did not know that those who dominate the sea dominate the world.Jeonghwa's expedition to the South Sea also affected Chinese cuisine. Among the Chinese dishes we commonly know, shark fins were found in the literature for cooking during the Ming Dynasty, and when General Jeonghwa went to the Indian Ocean, he obtained shark fins and dedicated them to Emperor Yeonglak.To build a ship that can carry 20,000 people... I realized it was really a "great country."
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