2022년 3월 28일 월요일

Copernican geology

 They say that there is nothing more certain than seeing it in person to believe. But if you deny everything you see in front of you and ask them to believe it the other way around, can you do so easily?

  That's the way celestial bodies move. The sun and moon rise above the eastern horizon and set below the western horizon. Stars rise and fall in the same direction. In other words, the Earth stays still, and it seems that all the celestial bodies are spinning around our Earth. The truth is that the sun does not revolve around the Earth, but rather the other way around the Sun. In this way, there are cases where the truth is the opposite of what is visible. Now we know and believe that the opposite of what we see in relation to the movement of the sun and the earth is true.      


  What if the level of civilization in the world we live in is different from what it is today, in other words, if we move through time and space to Europe before the 16th century? Perhaps if he publicly insisted on the theory of the center of the sun at that time, he might be executed for denying Christian doctrine.

  As such, the authenticity of science is sometimes determined by the social atmosphere. Whether it is true or not, it never matters. It is only important what values the forces that dominate the world believe.  

  Then, how could Copernicus, who insisted on the theory of the sun at a time when most people were convinced that the center of the world was the Earth and that celestial bodies were clearly orbiting the Earth? Let's take a look at the process, also called the Copernican idea.


  When Copernicus (1473-1543, AD) studied astronomy, Greek classics that flowed into Europe around the fall of the Eastern Roman Empire (1453), and were newly interpreted by various scholars around the Academy in Florence, Italy.   

  In such an environment, Copernicus encounters neo-platonicism in which ancient Platonic ideas were evolved by fusion with various period and regional elements. Neoplatonist scholars developed theories differentiated from orthodox Platonism and suggested new standards for academic research methods, when some Neoplatonist scholars questioned the long-held geocentric theory and carefully conceived a new cosmology. Of course, it was not a specifically stereotyped solar center theory. However, the pioneers who were studying the theory of the center of the sun at that time had two more mountain ranges to overcome in addition to the Christian doctrine that the theory of the center of the earth was true. One was Ptolemy (90-168, AD) astronomy, which was mathematically systematized and led the astronomical world for 1,300 years, and the other was Aristotle (384-322, BC) natural philosophy. 

  Ptolemy astronomy was considered and inherited by all universities at that time, and Aristotle's natural philosophy was driving European learning not only by astronomy but also by the interpretive standards of all disciplines. Naturally, Ptolemaic astronomy was a mathematical representation of Aristotle's natural philosophy, and Christian doctrine also adopted the earth-centered theory, so these three axes (Ptolemaic, Aristotle, and Christianity) became the Trinity that made up the world view at the time and dominated European thought until the 16th century. 


  Copernicus inherited the idea of neoplatonism and proved the contradiction of Ptolemy astronomy through mathematical arguments using Ptolemy's mathematical tools, and Aristotle's natural philosophy also disproved Aristotle's limitations of earth-centered cosmology. 

  Such new tools or conditions are not provided, and extracting new ideas (while proving contradictory theoretical contradictions) using only existing conditions and methods is called the Copernican idea. However, even if Copernicus violated both Ptolemy astronomy and Aristotle's natural philosophy, it was not enough to overthrow the Christian worldview. At that time, Christian doctrine was explained and proclaimed through the revelation of the absolute existence of the one God, so the authority of Christian doctrine was irreplaceable, regardless of what was revealed by human sensory activities (by observation and experiment) and whether it was true or not. In the end, Copernicus's natural philosophy and mathematical argument for the solar-centered theory was published on the premise that "the content may not necessarily be true," thereby escaping fierce criticism and attack from the church authorities. 

  However, Copernicus's proposed solar-centered theory was not easily accepted by academia, and continued to argue in the academic world from the end of the 16th century to the mid-17th century. By Newton (1642~1726, AD), solar-centered theory was established as a new paradigm of astronomy.


 The conclusions obtained from the historical facts of Copernicus and Geodongism can be learned that natural science and technological progress are hindered by the vested interests of society, especially religious kkondae. Maybe from today's modern era to the future.

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