Distortion and truth about the alpine man, Kim Jung Ho.

 Few people make you think about history as much as the life of Kim Jung-ho, an alpine man known as the producer of Daedongyeojido. His life as a map editor and geographer is known to us as a form far from the truth because he was thoroughly distorted in the dark ages of the nation during the Japanese colonial period. The traces of Japanese imperialism, which strangely transformed his greatness into a sense of inferiority of our people more than 60 years ago, still remain intact. Although textbooks have been corrected by the pioneering efforts of meaningful people, the existing insensitive materials still remain the same. I hope that the work of being respected for the novel fiction of "climbing the whole country several times and Mt. Baekdu several times in adversity" will end now. This is because the outstanding and pioneering achievements made by Gosanja Kim Jung-ho in support and guidance and the heart for the people itself are worthy of sufficient respect and respect. Rather, what we need to do now should be to think about how to continue the achievement and spirit of such alpine people in a modern way. A boy was walking up a mountain path where Kim Jung-ho's dreams were rare. I was out of breath because I walked too fast, but the boy continued to climb up without a break. Soon the boy climbed to the mountain peak. A cool breeze came in. The boy looked down the mountain, wiping the sweat off his forehead and holding the map in his hand. The boy, who had been looking at the map and actual terrain for a long time, shook his head and muttered. "What a mess! It doesn't fit." Yeah, let me draw it." The boy decided, clenching his fist. This boy is Kim Jung-ho, who later painted Daedongyeojido. A boy who wants to make an accurate map After washing the dishes in the evening, his mother weaves. My father fell asleep. His son, Jeong-ho, is looking at the picture on the board under the whistle. "What is it that you've been looking at?" "It's a picture of my neighborhood." My mother let go of her work and looked into the plank that Jung-ho put out. "This is my house." This is the way to the marketplace, this is the way to the mountain, Samteo, Seonangdang, ..." My mother smiled. Then, my mother's eyes quickly widened. This is because you can't sit in a room and draw a picture like this. My mother guessed that it would have taken a few days because I had to go around and measure it with a ruler. "When did you draw that? Did you leave the writing room?" "Yes, mother. I've never missed a writing room. Because I did it after the writing room." Only then did my mother feel relieved. "It's late at night, so stop sleeping." I lied down, but I couldn't sleep. I was very tired from walking around during the day, but the view of the village from afar from the mountain was in front of me. The next day, Jung-ho finished his writing room and went to draw a map. My mother tiled Jung-ho, who returned tired. "There are times when you study. As a child, you have to study that is the basis. If you miss this time, you can't go back. But aren't you doing something else? If you study hard and fail to pass the exam in the past, my family will not be able to escape poverty. Do you get it?" Jung-ho learned what he learned in the writing room late at night. I also studied harder in the writing room than before. However, when the writing room was destroyed, I went to draw a map as before. As Jung-ho got older, he abandoned the idea of looking at the past. I thought it would be better to get pleasure by doing what I wanted to do rather than living well by serving as a government official. One day, my friend Lee Yong-hee came to visit. "I came to give it to you because I found this in my luggage." What Lee Yong-hee handed over was a map of Sincheon-eup, Hwanghae-do, where the village where Jeong-ho lives is located. Jeong-ho carried the map around and compared it one by one. However, the map was not the same as the truth. There were many places such as mountains and rivers that were different or missing, while there were many missing. Around that time, I learned that there was a "Chosunjeon" in Gyujanggak, Seoul. The next day, Kim Jung-ho went up to Seoul. Gyujanggak's inspector was from the same hometown, so I was able to see Joseonjeon. First, I saw Sincheon-eup, Hwanghae-do. He didn't even get it right. There are many things missing and the dimensions are wrong. 'I should make an accurate map.' Kim Jung-ho firmly resolved with his heart. Chrysanthemums bloomed in the small courtyard of Kim Jung-ho's house, the crime of making a map. Kim Jung-ho was looking at bees and butterflies flying into chrysanthemum flowers. At that time, Lee Yong-hee rushed in. "Hey, Jung Ho". You should hurry up and avoid your body. I showed the map to Daewongun, and it became a source of trouble." "How could it be a source of trouble?" "I didn't know this would happen. Who guessed?" Well, the land of the country is the secret of the country, and they jump because they made a map and revealed it all. So how long do you stay away from home? In the meantime, I told you well..." Kim Jung-ho sighed. Lee Yong-hee also bowed his head like a sinner. "I can't believe that maps made through all kinds of hardships for 30 years are a sin." The daughter, who overheard in the kitchen, stopped crying. Not long after Lee Yong-hee went back, the pozols rushed in. "Kim Jung-ho, come out and receive this ora." Kim Jung-ho opened the door and stepped out calmly. The pozols bound Kim Jung-ho. "Now, search the whole house and find all the maps and woodblocks." Kim Jung-ho was taken to the vineyard. The vineyard began to interrogate Kim Jung-ho. "Kim Jung-ho was going to confess to the truth. Go ahead and tell your outsiders that you made a map to sell it to them." Kim Jung Ho was ridiculous. "How could you think of that! The map of our country in Gyujanggak was so insufficient that I just wanted to make a detailed and accurate map. I just did what I wanted to do, and I didn't think it would harm the country. Wasn't it helpful in defeating the French fleet?" Kim Jung-ho was trapped in a vineyard. Lee Yong-hee explained to Daewongun to save Kim Jung-ho, but it was not worthwhile. Kim Jung-ho decided to write Paldo Folklore Paper because he didn't think he would be released soon. I was going to write one book a year in detail about the customs and recognition of the province. However, the grape captain pulled out Kim Jung-ho every day and kept asking for the same thing. Kim Jung-ho's answer was bound to be consistent. The grape captain made him hit the gonjang. Then, this time, I made him play a scarier character than Gonjang. "Argh! Argh!" Kim Jung-ho shouted because it was so unbearable. Then he broke his leg and lost his mind. Kim Jung-ho, who was dying, was dragged into prison and laid down. It was regrettable that Kim Jeong-ho was lying down without writing the Paldo Folklore Paper, which he was going to write in prison. There was a smell of burning wood in the prison. It was the smell of woodblocks burning like firewood in Daedongyeojido burning like firewood. This is what happened in January 1867. The above article is the original text of "Big Star Big Light Kim Jung-ho." "Standard Transcripts" (Gyohaksa). It's in the 1997 book. Kim Jung-ho, the nephew of a second-year elementary school student who read this book that his brother learned and passed on to him, said he felt sorry for him. And Daewongun, who killed Kim Jung-ho, said that he was really bad, and that people in the past who didn't recognize anyone who did such a great job were so foolish.   This article is what our sons have learned from school textbooks until now and not long ago. The great manuscripts about the alpine man Kim Jeong-ho still in bookstores are almost the same. Textbooks have already changed, and books that briefly introduce alpine people record new facts, but those who write biography that will directly affect children are unable to wake up from the mimong. It's unfortunate. For your information, this article was included as a reference to the Standard Transcript, which explains the contents of the changed textbook. In the newly written textbook, Kim Jung-ho and Kim Young-ja said, "Welcome. It was hard to come, right?" Boy Kim Jung-ho welcomed his friend Choi Han-ki. Choi Han-ki entered the room and put down the bundle of books he brought. The two sat face to face with their desks in between. The two sat face to face with their desks in between. Kim Jung-ho and Choi Han-ki have been close to each other since childhood. "Are these the books?" Kim Jung-ho solved the frozen book. Having a poor family, he always borrowed books from Choi Han-ki, who lived wealthy as a nobleman. "Well, I think this will write the geography of our town." Kim Jeong-ho always wanted to make a map and geography of his hometown. Geography refers to a book that records the climate, land, products, population, etc. of the region, and important facts of the past and present related to the region. "Isn't it the order to go there several times to make a map?" Kim Jung-ho shook his head at Choi Han-ki's words. "It's easy to think like that at first glance." But that's not the case. Just because you walk around doesn't mean you can draw a map. Can you climb a high mountain 10 times to look at the terrain and make a complete map of the greens? You need a lot of knowledge to make a map." Kim Jung-ho thought that in order to make a map, basic knowledge should be strengthened first. Choi Han-ki nodded and admired his friend's words. Even as an adult, Kim Jung-ho's passion remained unchanged, making drawing a map his whole life. In the 1800s, when Kim Jeong-ho lived, society changed a lot, unlike in the early Joseon Dynasty. So he felt urgent to create a new geography and map for the times. Kim Jung-ho first looked at many geographic maps and maps that have been handed down since ancient times. Comparing geography with each other, it was difficult to follow any one record because there were many mixed records.

And looking at the various maps, there were some outstanding ones, but the contents recorded there were already old ones. In addition, it was difficult to connect with each other because the method of mapping each village was different. So he newly supplemented and corrected these points and completed a unified map of Korea in 1834. This is the claim that he remained around the age of 30. Along with this, he also created a new geography. Kim Jeong-ho saw that the number of noblemen in the village and how the genealogy was not very important in geography. It was said that those who contributed to the development of the village or those who did good for others should be recorded and used as an example regardless of yangban and sangmin. Kim Jeong-ho believed that geography was the basis of the map, so the two were inseparable. So he always said this. "With the mountain range at the center, the climate here and there is different and the words are different. And the lifestyle varies depending on the environment. Just dividing the land is not enough. Therefore, you can fully understand the region only by looking at the geography and map together." In 1856, Kim Jeong-ho completed Dongyeodo. This map was used not only in palaces but also in government offices. However, this map was also drawn on paper, so in order to use it in various places, it had to be copied with a brush. Not only was this work very difficult, but I thought that I could protect and love my land only when I saw many people. So he decided to engrave the map on a woodblock to mass-produce the exact map. One day, Choi Han-ki visited Kim Jung-ho. I was suffering badly. "No, your forehead is a fireball." Where are the family?" "They went to pick up rice in the rice field. If someone keeps coming in and out of the room because I'm sick, it interferes with my work. So he showed no signs of pain." Choi Han-ki was even more surprised to see Kim Jung-ho's hands covered with wounds. His hands were burred and there was a bruise. Come to think of it, isn't there woodblocks scattered all over the room? "You started making woodblocks."" Choi Han-ki shed tears of Kim Jung-ho's passion. He was doing such a hard job without even having a proper meal. It was not easy to boil trees, dry them in the shade, turn them evenly with saws, and sell them one by one. "I want to help you, too." Choi Han-ki used to be moved by Kim Jung-ho's actions. He passed the examination early, but refused to take a government post and studied hard to learn a new study. In the meantime, he helped Kim Jung-ho map from time to time. Kim Jeong-ho carved 126 doyeop on the front and back of the wooden board, which is about 40 centimeters long and 30 centimeters long. He tried to make the wooden sculpture complete by stamping it on paper and correcting it immediately if there was a mistake. Finally, in 1861, he completed Daedongyeojido after a long hard time. If the woodblock is stamped on paper and connected, the height is 6 meters and 60 centimeters higher than that of a two-story building. Daedong in "Daedongyeojido" refers to our country and means a large country in the east. This also means that Korea is a big being that does not have to be wary of others. From Kim Jung-ho's thoughts, we can get a glimpse of his independence. Daedongyeojido Island shows the topography around the stream of water, the source of life, so it is easy to grasp the relationship between mountains and water. This map production method is a unique technique unique to Korea that has been handed down since ancient times, and Kim Jeong-ho inherited and developed this traditional technique more accurately in Daedongyeojido. Kim Jeong-ho marked the distance between villages by marking dots every ten ri on the map. In addition, fortresses and beacon stations were also displayed, allowing them to be used as military maps in times of emergency. Kim Jeong-ho left a great cultural heritage such as Daedongyeojido, using drawing a map as his lifelong business. The spirit of Kim Jung-ho, who loves the country more than anyone else and loves the people, will remain in our hearts forever with the guidance he made. Note (Added Home): The above article is in the 5th grade textbook. Thanks to the ceaseless efforts of those who want to publicize history right away, he changed all the distorted facts during the reorganization of the textbook in 1997, and realistically depicted the life of Gosanja, who should be respected. Enjoy the history of the power of truth and the passion of the invisible. Did Kim Jeong-ho die in prison? "Daedongyeojido" and the story about Kim Jeong-ho During the Japanese colonial period, Japan tried to completely eliminate the roots of Korea. As part of its symbolic work, the Government-General of Joseon building was built in Gyeongbokgung Palace, the center of Korea. This building is shaped like a Japanese when viewed from above. And the Seoul City Hall building has the shape of a letter called 이라는 when viewed from above. According to feng shui, Gyeongbokgung Palace has been recognized as the No. 1 spot on the Korean Peninsula where the spirit of support extends from Baekdusan Mountain. However, Japan has put a lot of iron piles on large rocky mountains because it cuts off the vein from Bukhansan Mountain, a premature birth, to Gyeongbokgung Palace. They have done many bad things that are difficult to accept in common sense for their exclusive interests. One of them was forging the royal seal of Emperor Gojong in the process of robbing the Korean Empire into their colonies, and if this important incident is revealed now, you can see how much Japan was bent on hiding the truth of our history and how shameless it was. The Japanese imperialism distorted the history of Korea based on the colonial view, which means that the Korean people are inferior, so they can develop further only under Japanese rule. And the Japanese imperialism removed a lot of data from Korea, which was unfavorable to colonial rule. Against this background, important things were fabricated about Kim Jeong-ho, who created Daedongyeojido. However, we still know this lie made up to justify colonial rule as true. This falsehood of rationalizing colonial rule has been continuously published in national school textbooks so far, and is also being aired on children's programs on television. One of the decorated stories is that Kim Jung-ho died in prison. In 1993, the Korean reading textbook for the second semester of the fifth grade of elementary school published by the Ministry of Education ends with a unit called "Kim Jeong-ho. However, he was killed for an unfair crime. At that time, it was because stubborn people who ruled the country misunderstood it as looking at the map and letting others know the situation of the country. At the same time, they seized and burned the young map's wood with Kim Jung-ho's blood and sweat, so it's a pity. At that time, Korea rarely traveled to and from foreign countries and was reluctant to accept a new culture. Kim Jung-ho suffered an unfair death. However, his achievements shine brilliantly to this day and are alive in our hearts. In addition, his unwavering will and beliefs will remain an eternal teaching to us." However, Kim Jeong-ho's record of prison history cannot be found anywhere. There are many evidences that can be guessed from the fact that the theory of jade and sand is wrong. First, "Cheonggudo", "Daedongyeojido", and "Daedongjiji" made by Gosanja Kim Jeong-ho have never been confiscated or confiscated. In fact, even if you look closely at the historical records of the time, such as Annals of King Gojong, Diary of Seungjeongwon, and Chugukan, there are no such traces. Second, it was said that there was a possibility of leaking state secrets, so he was imprisoned and all the wood of Daedongyeojido was seized and incinerated, and currently, a sheet of wood of Daedongyeojido is displayed at Soongsil University. In addition, in 1931, there are two woodblocks on the list of Godoseo Hall exhibited at Kyungsung Imperial University, and it is written that Japanese who refused to enter have dozens of woodblocks of Daedongyeojido. In addition, descendants of Choi Seong-hwan, who was the financial supporter of Gosanja, testified that they had many woodblocks of Daedongyeojido, but they disappeared in the fire. Judging from these facts, the wood of Daedongyeojido would not have been seized or burned. Third, if Gosanja Kim Jeong-ho was a sinner, Yoo Jae-gun would not have been able to recklessly publish a story about him in the Yihyang-gyeon Munrok published shortly after his death. Fourth, Choi Han-ki and Choi Seong-hwan, who were close to Gosansa, and General Shin Heon, who provided a state secret map in Bibyeonsa Temple, should have been involved and received any punishment, but no such records or traces can be found. On the contrary, Shinheon occupied a high position in the order of King Daewongun and the order of the royal court. And if Kim Jeong-ho was a sinner, Shin Heon would not have been able to leave a record in his collection that Kim Jeong-ho cooperated with him to create Daedongyeojido. The first official rumor of Kim Jeong-ho was published by the Japanese in 1934. In the book Kim Jeong-hojeon, it is found that the rulers of Joseon, including Daewongun, were foolish and indifferent to the development of the country. The following is the end of "Kim Jeong-hojeon." As everyone knows, Daewongun is a big adult who hates foreign countries, so when he saw this, he said, "Isn't it a big deal if the country's secrets are leaked to other countries?" and at the same time, the woman soon caught Jeong-ho and locked him in prison. Ah, it's sad! Jung Ho who hasn't met the right time...…. Will the remuneration during his lifetime be as terrible as the report and contribution? Although so, how can jade be buried in the mud forever? When the war began in the 37th year of Myeongchi (1904), Daedongyeojido (Daedongyeojido) not only contributed greatly to our military (Japanese military), but also marveled at its detail and accuracy with the best data when the Governor-General launched a land survey project. Oh, Jung-ho's hardship finally showed a brilliant light. It is Hari-ro. In this way, Kim Jeong-hojeon does not recognize Kim Jeong-ho's contribution, but rather imprisoned him. In addition, the production process of Daedongyeojido is written differently from the facts.

In other words, both textbooks made by the Japanese Government-General of Korea and the Korean government cited poor maps made in Korea as the opportunity for Kim Jung-ho to create maps. Regarding our old map, the textbooks issued by the Government-General of Korea describe it as "a mess" in Korean textbooks as "a lot of mistakes, but no benefits." However, is it possible to create such a detailed and accurate map of Daedongyeojido (more than 200 pages) with only one achievement that an individual explored and actually measured? It is almost impossible. Although he would have explored, he was able to complete an outstanding Daedongyeojido because he referred to many high-quality maps expelled from Korea. Mount Everest is the highest in the world because it is in the world's tallest Himalayas. It is difficult to rise so high alone in the middle of the plain or in the middle of a low mountain. When considering this, it does not make sense to say that Daedongyeojido is outstanding and at the same time express the level of Korean maps before that as false. "Friend Kim Jeong-ho was deeply interested in maps and geographic maps from an early age and collected maps and geographic maps for a long time to make Cheonggu-do by comparing the maps of these various maps with each other." "I wanted to make a map of Korea, so I widely collected maps and old houses owned by the Ministry of National Defense and Gyujanggak, compared them with each other, and combined them by referring to geographic books to create a map, and I commissioned Kim Jung-ho to complete this work." The previous article is in the preface to Cheonggudo Island made by Kim Jung-ho, and was written by Choi Han-ki, a master of practical studies, who was honored with the government post of the current chief justice of the Supreme Court, and the latter is part of Shinheon's Daedongyeo Book. A similar article is also found in Kim Jeong-ho's Exhibition among Yoo Jae-gun's The Book of Yihyanggyeon. However, there is no word in any of these books that Gosanja has toured the whole country. Instead, all three of them record that "Daedongyeojido" was compiled by Kim Jeong-ho after the good points of collecting all the existing maps. Even now, there are about 400 kinds of elaborate ancient maps made before Daedongyeojido. At that time, there would have been many better high maps. Nevertheless, it is said that Kim Jeong-ho was persecuted by the government and that the reason why he produced the map was poor at the time of the past, but what was this? There was a conspiracy to lead colonial rule to an advantage by undermining the tradition and excellence of our people. However, the story of Kim Jung-ho and the production process of Daedongyeojido in current Korean textbooks is very similar to those made by the Japanese Government-General of Korea sixty years ago.                                             In "Geography Trip Out-of-Class" by Noh Woong-hee and Park Byung-seok, Gosanja Kim Jeong-ho's Geographic Ideas - Yang Bo-kyung, a professor of geography at Sungshin Women's University, and Kim Jeong-ho, a Gosanja, are one of the most representative geographers in Korea. Daedongyeojido, which he created, is also evaluated as the best work among ancient maps in Korea. However, Kim Jung-ho himself or the process of producing maps or supports is not well known. The birthplace of Gosanja has long been known as Bongsan, Hwanghae-do, and in the late 1980s, a theory was raised that it was Tosan, Hwanghae-do. Anyway, it seems that Gosanja was born in Hwanghae-do and moved to Seoul to work. The birth and death of Kim Jung-ho are also unclear. This is because Kim Jeong-ho is not included in the genealogy of Cheongdo Kim Clan and is not recorded in any literature of the late Joseon Dynasty. Pastor Kim Yang-seon, who served as the director of Soongsil University Christian Museum and made achievements in studying ancient maps, recorded that Kim Jeong-ho was born in 1804 and died in 1866. Although the grounds are not specified, this point is recognized as valid. Considering that Minbi was recorded as King Gojong's queen in Daedongjiji, which is believed to be Kim Jeong-ho's last work, it can be seen that she survived until 1866. There are about four types known so far as records of Kim Jung-ho and his achievements, but they are still very brief. Among the Ojuyeonmunjangjeonsango written by Ohju Lee Gyu-kyung, Jiji Byeonjeol, Universal Gyeongwi District Byeonjeol, and the achievements of outstanding figures from all walks of life during the Joseon Dynasty.You can only experience the wet. Kim Jeong-ho produced "Suseonjeon" (1840s), a map of Seoul, "Cheonggudo" (1834), "Dongyeodo" (1857), and "Daedongyeojido" (1861, 1864), and "Dongyeodoji" (1834~18444), a map of the country. Most of his achievements are concentrated on national maps and national geography. It can be seen that he had a special interest and will in producing domestic maps and supports, especially maps and supports for the whole country. This contrasts with Hyegang Choi Han-ki's efforts to produce world maps and world support, who is a close friend of Gosanja Kim Jeong-ho and an outstanding practical scholar in the 19th century, and it is presumed that the two shared roles. Kim Jeong-ho's maps and maps made by Kim Jeong-ho, such as "Cheonggudo" (1834) and "Dongyeodo" (1857) and "Daedongyeojido" (1861, 1864), are all drawings. Since evangelism is a map depicting the entire country, it is more meaningful as a map representing and symbolizing our country than any other type of map. This is because the national map is a map that can confirm the appearance of Korea as a whole and how it expresses our country. National maps are produced based on various types of maps. Therefore, it is a synthesis of each type of map, and it also represents the level of cartography at the time of production. Kim Jeong-ho independently synthesized the achievements of Gunhyeon Map, Bangan Map, Woodblock Map, Folding Map, and Portable Map, which developed in the late Joseon Dynasty, and made national maps with their respective advantages. What is outstanding about the maps created by Kim Jeong-ho is that they combined two large-scale maps developed in the late Joseon Dynasty, a map of the country and provinces that were actively killed in the private sector after Jeong Sang-gi's "Dongguk Map" in the mid-18th century, and a detailed map of the county and local governments. The national maps created by Kim Jung-ho are the largest existing national maps. These are large maps with a length of 6.6m and a width of 4.0m when connected throughout. These maps are scale maps that specify the scale on the map, and are maps marked with longitudinal lines. The longitudinal chart map is a map drawn by applying scale based on a relatively constant-sized plan and has been called a chart map or a room coordinate map. Daedongyeojido is designed to easily guess the distance by dividing one side into 120 ri from north to south and 80 ri from east to west. The scale was also displayed in the contents of the map. In other words, every 10 ri on the road was dotted to indicate the distance. In particular, the 10-ri points on the road do not have a constant interval, indicating topographical conditions. Gari Ledyard, who wrote the Korean version of the Map of Cartography series, which compiled the history of map development around the world, evaluated Daedongyeojido as the best map among maps in Korea. It also means that it has deviated from the long-standing tradition of Eastern maps. In other words, there was a strong tradition of recording various explanations in the margins or maps of the map and containing a lot of information. Cheonggudo, a national map created earlier by Kim Jeong-ho, also strongly reflected this tradition, and the map looked complicated by writing population, farmland, military government, grain, nicknames, Gunhyeon goods world, and distance to Seoul next to the Gunhyeon name. However, Daedongyeojido showed a sophisticated form like modern maps by establishing a new way to reduce the writing as much as possible and symbolize the content to be expressed. The biggest characteristic of the content and expression of "Daedongyeojido" is the characteristic expression and discernment of mountains and water. If you look at Daedongyeojido, you can see the mountain the strongest. The reason is that the mountain was not expressed as an independent peak, but as a subsequent mountain range (mountain range). Moreover, the mountain range was expressed in a thin and thick manner so that the size and height of the mountain could be known. Through this, the watershed and mountain ranges, which are the most important factors in understanding the topography as a home for people's lives, are clearly revealed clearly. The thickness varies according to the hierarchy of the mountain range, such as the thickest of the large liver that runs from Baekdusan Mountain, then the thick vein that divides the large river, and the thickest stem that splits from the vein. This is a map of the perception system of mountains and streams that people had during the Joseon Dynasty, showing that the map is a projection of thought. In the legend of Cheonggudo Island, Kim Jeong-ho expressed that "the mountain ridge and the stream of water are the musculoskeleton and blood veins of the ground."

This idea of land can be said to be the view of the land and nature of the contemporaries, and Kim Jeong-ho visually and accurately reflected the traditional view of nature on the map. Another notable feature in the map made by Kim Jeong-ho is the roads, county and prefecture boundary marks, beacon, station gardens, 1,100 islands, ranches, and historical and geographical old names. Among them, road expressions have received a lot of attention because they are unique. In "Daedongyeojido", roads were marked in a straight line, which was rare in previous maps. This was to avoid overlapping with rivers expressed in curves, as "Daedongyeojido" was a woodblock print. Rather, it made the road more clearly recognized. In addition, in order to more clearly distinguish between rivers and roads, dots are marked on roads every 10 ri, and dots on the road are very convenient for users to express the distance by notifying the distance of the road along with the scale. One of the biggest advantages of Daedongyeojido is that it is a woodblock map, that is, a printed map, that is, a map improved from the map made earlier by Kim Jeong-ho. Woodblock maps play a major role in the distribution and popularization of maps. The reason why Daedongyeojido became famous was that it was possible to take several copies and distribute them to many people because it was a woodblocked map. Therefore, for the majority of the people who had difficulty accessing detailed and rich maps, Daedongyeojido would have been a groundbreaking map. Here, you can read Kim Jung-ho's idea that maps are not only necessary for a small number of officials and scholars. It can be seen that Kim Jeong-ho is a culture that many people should know about the country's appearance, and he thought that guidance and support were needed when the country was dizzy. "Suseonjeon," a map of Seoul made by Kim Jung-ho and considered the highlight of the map of woodblocks in Seoul, may be in the same context as a woodblock version. Daedongyeojido is the most elaborate and elegant map among woodblock maps. It has beauty and clarity as a woodblock on top of its rich content. The harmony and clarity of precise roads and rivers, organized letters and symbols, and powerful mountain streams that seem to move alive have an excellent engraving that no other map can follow. In this respect, alpine man Kim Jeong-ho was a great instructor, a great evangelist, and an artist who realized the artistic value of maps. In other words, it is possible to read Kim Jung-ho's idea of recognizing and sublimating the map as art through the appearance of pursuing the aesthetic dignity of the map. Daedongyeojido is the largest national map in Korea, but it is also easy to see and easy to carry. To this end, Kim Jeong-ho made Daedongyeojido in the form of a chop chop chop. This point is also the most different from Cheonggudo, a national map completed by Kim Jeong-ho in 1834 (34th year of King Sunjo) prior to Daedongyeojido. The corrugated map is simpler than the booklet-type map, and is very convenient to see or carry. In addition, the advantage of a foldable map is that it can be viewed in detail in parts and connected to each other, making it free to combine. Daedongyeojido is divided into 120-ri intervals and 22 floors in the north and south, and one floor is made into one stack and 22 maps are connected up and down to become a national map. The map on the first floor was divided into 80 ri intervals from east to west, and the first verse was folded and unfolded like a folding screen or accordion. If 22 concubines are connected, it becomes the whole, and one concubine is folded again in a foldable form, folding and spreading like a folding screen. Therefore, if only a part is needed, only a part can be pulled out and carried for reference. For example, if you travel from Seoul to Gangneung, you don't have to take the entire map with you, but only take the map on the 13th floor from Seoul to Gangneung. It shows that Kim Jung-ho thought of the map as useful data for looking around the actual area. The biggest reason why "Daedongyeojido" was loved by many people was that it could be widely distributed to the public because it was a woodblock map, and it was personally convenient to collect, carry, and read. At the national level, detailed maps were created in the 18th century. However, the map was neither visible nor available to the general public. Kim Jung-ho shines more in terms of recognizing and realizing the social needs and changes of precise guidance. However, as commonly thought, it was not that a great map such as Daedongyeojido was created through independent efforts alone without any foundation. This is the result of reviewing and synthesizing numerous maps from earlier periods in Bibyeonsa Temple and Gyujanggak Pavilion. In addition to the national map, Kim Jeong-ho compiled the national geography, Dongyeodoji, Yeodobiji, and Daedongjiji. Dongyeodoji (17 out of 20 books, owned by Yeungnam University Library), was the first national geography book compiled by Kim Jeong-ho, and was compiled between 1834 and 1844, and continued to be revised and supplemented until around 1861. Yeodo Biji (20 books, director of the National Library of Korea) is a support compiled by Choi Sung-hwan and Kim Jung-ho, while Daedongji (15 books, director of Korea University Library) is Kim Jung-ho's last work. Yeodo Biji is composed of two different systems from the other two compiled by Kim Jeong-ho alone, including only county-hyeon support for each province.In addition to regional support, Dongyeodoji contains historical and geographical contents and road-related contents, including Yeokjuhyeon, Yeokdaegang Station, Yeokdae customs, Yeokdaegwanje, and Jeongri-ro.Daedongjiji is in front of the support of each province and prefecture, and in the second half, it contains Sansugo, Byeonbanggo, Jeong-ri, and Bangyeochongji. The system of Daedongjiji is a form of further development of Dongyeodoji, which reinforces mountain ranges, rivers, and national defense issues in the contents of Dongyeodoji, but these two parts are not conveyed. The systems of Dongyeodoji and Daedongjiji are unique compositional methods that are difficult to find in previous national geography or townships. In other words, it is noteworthy as a combination of regional support describing the characteristics of the region at each regional level and geography by subject such as river, road, national defense, and mountain stream. This seems to have been an attempt to synthesize the research results of practical geography that blossomed in the late Joseon Dynasty after inheriting the vein of national geography compilation in the early Joseon Dynasty and Eupji compilation in the late Joseon Dynasty. From the standpoint of modern geography, it can be said that by combining the research method of regional geography and the systematic research method to create perfect support, the framework for explaining the country more accurately and systematically was established in Daedongjiji. In addition, the rise and development of practical geography is based on changes in domestic social and economic conditions such as the development of commercial and distribution economies and related changes in the national spatial structure. In terms of content, Kim Jeong-ho's supporters have important differences from previous national geography and townships. First, the realistic and material aspects of geography were emphasized by excluding items and contents related to people, surnames, and poems, which were traditionally important. Second, the military aspect was emphasized, so Dongyeodoji set "Holy Land" and "Strategy" groups as items with movie sides, and Daedongjijiji made "Jeongo" groups as independent items to record foreign invasions and previous battles. In Daedongjiji, it is possible to read his geographical thinking that provisions such as Sansu, Holy Land, Infant, Jinbo, Bongsu, Jindo, Ranch, etc., were also related to the defense of the country. Third, we can examine the logic of academic and scientific support studies, such as the attitude of compilation of support based on thorough realism and historical evidence of the content, and the attitude that reflects regional changes through continuous supplementation. While having these things in common, each of the three types of support has its own characteristics. Dongyeodoji is an early form of Gosanja Ji, who tried to collect data by extensively comparing and citing many documents learned by Kim Jeong-ho. Yeodo Biji is characterized by compression of the contents and a brief description. What is noteworthy in this book is statistics by county and prefecture, such as Hogu, Jeonbu, Gangyeokpyo, Geukgopyo, Bangbangpyo, and Gunjeonjeokpyo, which are summarized at the beginning of each province. In particular, the extreme mark and defense mark, which seem to have been a reference for his map production, are records that are hard to see in other books. Daedongjiji is a support that combines Kim Jeong-ho's lifelong tenacity and efforts. Daedongjiji reflects the attitude and consciousness as a mature geographer. This book summarizes Kim Jung-ho's own views, which are revealed in history, geographical names, mountains, and roads. In addition, based on thorough realism, unclear content was boldly deleted and items were adjusted. The three types of national geography compiled by Kim Jeong-ho are the best national geography produced after the compilation of national geography, which was implemented as a national project in the early Joseon Dynasty, and after <Northeastyeoji>, compiled by Bangye Hyung-won in the late 17th century. He tried to establish a new supporting science by combining the two contexts of geographic geography of the Silhak School, which is close to traditional regional geography, and geographic geography. Kim Jeong-ho, the progressive nature of Kim Jeong-ho's thought, was a geographer. However, his achievements and influence are shining in all disciplines and fields targeting our country and history. This is due to his advanced attitude to synthesize the geography of the time and the realism of his works. Gosanja Kim Jeong-ho emphasized the production and utilization of guidance and support in the management of the state. Choi Han-ki's point of view is also Kim Jung-ho's view, saying, "All of the world's experience is on the support map (Book 6 of the Records of Speculation, Chumul Geography, Ji Ji Ji-hak)." Kim Jeong-ho recognized support and map as complementary beings, and thought that the insufficient part of the map should be revealed as support. To this end, guidance and support were compiled with individual strength, and the combination of guidance and support was successfully carried out.

In the end, the production and compilation of maps and support he achieved were a compilation of 19th-century Joseon's national land information and systematization. In this respect, he can be said to be a visionary who presented and practiced the importance of national land informatization. The maps and supports he made are the last golden pagoda of traditional Asian maps and support. His works demonstrate the characteristics of the times in that they clearly project people's perception of the country and region during the Joseon Dynasty, which means that guidance and support have successfully reached the essence to be achieved. Gosanja Kim Jeong-ho produced and compiled maps and supports and published these materials. Achieving map publication even in difficult conditions started with a critical sense of monopolizing information on the land by the state and ruling class, and showed that it was recognized as an object to be shared by the public. In addition to the construction and systematization of national land information, his idea of disseminating and popularizing information stands out more in the rapidly changing political and social reality of the time.In addition, portable map production, which can be seen in Daedongyeojido, is advanced in that it is designed to be used while moving detailed and abundant national land information. It takes into account users and consumers, and also pursues the practical use of local information. From today's point of view, the fact that Kim Jeong-ho, a former Korean-American class, was able to build a wide range of national land information is also meaningful as it reflects the changes in the social class that led the study. By the 19th century, the fact that the general common people were able to access high-quality land information and further develop it to establish a new land information system shows the progress of Kim Jung-ho's idea, and on the other hand, reflects the transformation of Joseon society and land that gave birth to such individuals. Gosanja Kim Jeong-ho and Dongyeodo Lee Sang-tae 1. Gosanja's birthplace 2. Gosanja's birthplace 3. Gosanja's residence 4. Gosanja's Dangho 5. Gosanja's theory of national experience 6. However, few people know exactly the birthplace, residence, and birthdate of alpine people. Moreover, it is even more unknown how Gosanja produced Daedongyeojido and wrote Daedongjiji. Why are there so many questions about the alpine man who made an immortal achievement in the history of Joseon geography called Daedongyeojido? This is because there are few records of him compared to his brilliant achievements. Therefore, speculation and speculation were bound to continue. However, according to a recent study, Gosanja compiled three major maps: Dongyeo-doji, Yeodo-bi-ji, and Daedong-ji, and produced three major maps: Cheonggudo, Dongyeo-do, and Daedong-yeo-jido, and many questions surrounding them are revealed.   1. No researcher raises an objection to the fact that the birthplace of the alpine is Hwanghae-do. The theory of Bongsan in Hwanghae-do is likely. However, it seems that the native mountain of Hwanghae-do is the birthplace of the alpine. This is because the first support he wrote was Dongyeodoji, and it is marked as Wolseong Kim Jeong-ho Dogyeon in the letter of this book. In general, the place name written in front of the name indicates the main building. If so, Kim Jeong-ho is not Cheongdo Kim, but Wolseong Kim, or Gyeongju Kim. There are suspicions like this, but if you look at Yeodo Biji, this question is solved. This book is written by his sponsors Choi Seong-hwan and Gong Jeo, and if you look at the compilation, "YESUNG Choi Seong-hwan Seongokbo Dopyeon, Osan Kim Jeong-ho Baekwonbo Dopyeon," and YESUNG is Chungju Oh Seong-hwan. In addition, there are Baekon and Baekwon, the ruler of Gosanja, and it can be seen that Baekwon is his letter. Then, why did Gosanja say "Wolseong Kim Jeong-ho" instead of "Osan Kim Jeong-ho" in Dongyeodoji? This is somewhat solved by looking at the Daedongji Hwanghae-do Tosanhyeonjo. The old name of Tosan Mountain was Wolseong. Therefore, it can be assumed that Gosanja is not from Bongsan, Hwanghae-do, but from Tosan, Hwanghae-do. 2. The exact date of Gosan-ja's death is unknown because the records of Gosan-ja's life and death are rare. Therefore, Lee Byeong-do said that Kim Jeong-ho survived for four generations, including Sunjo, Heonjong, Cheoljong, and Gojong. Yes, Gosanja produced Cheonggu-do in the 34th year of King Sunjo, compiled Yeodo Biji during the reign of King Cheoljong, produced Dongyeo-do, Daedongyeojido in the 12th year of King Cheoljong, and reprinted Daedongyeojido in the first year of King Gojong. However, this much is insufficient. Kim Yang-seon was the researcher who specifically pointed out the birth date of Gosanja from 1804 to 1866. However, Kim has a credibility problem because he does not provide evidence that this is how Gosanja lived. As a result of a close review of the contents of Daedongji, I found that Gosan survived until the 3rd year of King Gojong (1866). In the reign of King Gojong in the first year of the national flag of Daedongji, a civil monument is recorded as the queen of King Gojong. Other kings were crowned crown prince after being proclaimed as crown prince and then ascended together, but King Gojong did not have a queen because he was crowned immediately without the days of crown prince. In March (1866), three years after King Gojong's ascension, Min was greeted as a queen. This fact is detailed in the Annals of King Gojong and is also recorded in Daedongjiji, proving that Gosanja survived until March (1866) in the 3rd year of King Gojong's reign. It is relatively reliable to point out that Choi Han-ki, a close friend, was born in 1803 and died in 1877, while Kim Yang-seon pointed out that he was born in 1804 and died in 1866. There is no basis for clarifying the exact time of birth of an alpine, but it can be clearly pointed out that his death was in the 3rd year of King Gojong (1866). 3. It is not known when Kim Jeong-ho, the residence of the alpine, moved from Hwanghae-do to Seoul. It is said that Gosanja lived in Mallijae outside Namdaemun after coming to Seoul. Jeong In-bo's point of view on the residence of Gosanja is vivid. He said that Gosanja lived in Mallijae Pass based on the testimony of Han Se-jin, who had been acquainted with Gosanja during his lifetime. However, if you review what was published in the Dong-A Ilbo in 1925 ahead of Jeong In-bo's article, it is said that the Joseon Minmun Association pushed to build a monument in Yakhyeon outside the south gate where his remains are located to commemorate Gosanja's legacy. From this point of view, it is thought that Gosanja lived near Yakhyeon. And the theory that he lived in Gongdeok-ri outside Seodaemun is very wrong. This is because Gongdeok-ri is beyond Mallijae Pass when you open the capital city such as Suseonjeon and check the location. Gongdeok-ri is outside Namdaemun, but it is far from Seodaemun. Yakhyeon, Mallijae, and Gongdeok-ri are close to each other. Judging from the fact that the Joseon Gwangmunhoe pushed for a monument to be erected, it is believed that there must have been considerable historical evidence, and it is believed that Gosanja lived near Yakhyeon. 4. Kim Jeong-ho, the leader of Gosanja, was self-proclaimed as Gosanja. And the family situation was poor and his status was humble. Therefore, it would not have been easy for him to have a title. Most of the 65 kinds of librarians he cited in Daedongji were borrowed from Choi Han-ki and Choi Sung-hwan, not from his collection. Oju also pointed out that Choi Han-ki has many books. At that time, books were very expensive, so most people could hardly have books. Considering these circumstances, it is not the title of the Gosanja, but the title of Choi Han-ki that the district map intermediate is marked as Taeyeonjae. According to Ohju's theory of district map variation, Choi Han-ki obtained a district map published by Jang Jeong-byeong of Cheong, and he engraved only the district map with the help of Kim Jeong-ho, except for the district map. Therefore, the middleman of the Earth map is Choi Han-ki, not Kim Jeong-ho. Gosanja was a square number that carved the earth map, not a middleman. Taeyeonjae is not the title of the alpine, but the title of Choi Han-ki, the middleman. 5. Few people believe that Gosanja, a national expedition theory of Gosanja, climbed Baekdusan Mountain seven times to make Daedongyeojido. However, in the past, it was uncritically accepted to enhance the greatness of the alpine. This fact is impossible for anyone to accept if they think about it a little coldly and rationally. Transportation relations, economic power, physical strength, beasts, none of them can suggest the possibility and only solidify the fact that it is impossible. It is also hard to believe that Gosanja has toured the country three times to make a precise map. Let's look closely at the following historical records.