Military operation of the bow. Part 02.

 The Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, and the improvement of the launch method. During the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, and the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, the Joseon army lost consecutive battles without properly responding to the attacks of Japanese troops armed with guns. Examples include the Battle of Busanjin, the Battle of Dongnaebu, and the Battle of Tangeum. However, in some areas, the Joseon army won against enemies armed with new weapons, guns, using only archers. Gyeongju Busa Park Jin was ambushed near the Hwangsangang River and killed the Japanese enemy with a palace (4) Subsequently, Kwak Jae-woo's righteous army also posted a criminal record of killing the Japanese enemy as a palace during the undercover operation of the fortress site (5). It also envisioned a waterproof operation using mountain peaks that make a living by hunting. They were hunters, mastered in horse racing and archery, and expected an effect on them (6) It can be seen that the ambush operation using the urinary tract was effective 7). The direct battle was not a close battle by Changgeom. It can be seen that the development of the battle was a long-distance attack by the palace under favorable topographical conditions by the preemptive surprise of the Joseon army. The shouts and rampage defeated the enemy's momentum and carried out unilateral attacks, destroying the enemy's battle lines and causing them to retreat. The lack of weapons on the front line of the Joseon army, which is in close contact with the Japanese army, was serious. According to a report by Lee Ho-min of the House of Sahun, among the Joseon soldiers on the front line, the palace was already exhausted 8). The absolute amount of arrows was very insufficient. Seonjo was naturally interested in weapons because it was a national war period. Of course, the most important concern was various Chinese gunpowder weapons and guns of the Japanese army 9). Although Joseon had a large number of gunpowder weapons, it was using Mokjeon, a traditional method, rather than the use of Cheolhwan, a new projectile, in its use (10). Due to the siege operation by the Japanese soldiers' guns, the Suseongjeon Battle by flat land was helpless in Joseon. For the Joseon army, only Sanseongjeon was easy to prevent Japanese soldiers' toru attacks or gun attacks (11). King Seonjo says that he will not only shoot arrows to select soldiers due to national difficulties, but also through talents such as jumping muscle running or bravery.12). At that time, he emphasized the importance of gunpowder, pointing out the tendency of the Joseon army to rely too much on archery. However, in reality, the easiest thing to implement in poetry was traditional archery (13). Therefore, the Joseon army prevailed in archery and large firearms, but the Japanese army prevailed in swords and firearms. The Joseon army's archers and firearms were advantageous for Suseong operation, and the large firearms were advantageous for maritime operation centered on large ships. The victory of the Joseon Navy also stems from the effective and appropriate use of large weapons, and the defeat of the Joseon Army was due to the absolute inferiority of the weapon system. The main weapon of the country against this was the palace, and even this palace could not be used properly because the rain did not stop during the full-fledged war period, and the flags and arrows of arrows were released. 14) It is true that the cause of the Joseon army's losing streak in the first round was determined by the superiority and inferiority of the weapon system itself. However, the victory or defeat of the war depended on the tomb of the operation of the military or weapon rather than on the number of soldiers or the simple superiority and inferiority of the weapon. Regarding the utilization of the Joseon army's strengths, Yuseongryong finds out rough places, installs ambush soldiers through the forest, and fires multiple arrows in unison while waiting for the enemy to come, so even if it is a large group, our military can win.15). He talks about the operation of the palace using the terrain. As an example of success, Goyang residents ambushed and attacked with a bow in the Changgyeongneung Forest, and after that, the Japanese invaders were wary of the forest and could not enter the mountain again. In addition, Yeoju Pastor Wonho succeeded in keeping the enemy in check by a small unit operation using the mountainous terrain of Gangwon-do, Gyeonggi-do, with archery-oriented tactics. As an example of failure, Shinrip's Chungju Plain Exhibition made the enemy's organs more advantageous, and made allies' shortcomings more disadvantageous and defeated. If a shooter was placed in the rough land of Joryeong, it would have been effective in preventing the Japanese enemy from moving northward.   During the Japanese Invasion of Korea, the Joseon army focused on archers armed with new weapons, guns, and sprinklers trained with Changgeom and martial arts rather than archers. This military law is an infantry tactic in preparation for the Japanese Gujeon, and the cavalry and archery tactics, which are relatively rental advances, have been weakened. Accordingly, the revival of horsemanship and archery was emphasized 16). According to the new law of Cheokgye-gwang, a shooter existed among the Samsubyeongje, but the shooter was inferior to the catcher and the Susa. In the end, the intensive fostering of catchers led to the relatively decline of Gungsul. However, at that time, most bureaucrats put the power of archery centered on Pyeonjeon over the rifle. Unlike the gods, the decisive reason why King Seonjo became interested in firearms was that Myeonggun's victory in the recapture match of Pyongyang was the operation of firearms 17). It was judged that Japanese pirates could never be controlled unless it was gunpowder 18). The advantage of firearms was that it was easier to learn how to shoot compared to archers, so it was easier to train catchers 19). The mastery of archery took a long time, but the firearm was able to be mastered in a short period of time. At that time, in theory, learning the art of art was considered the most urgent priority. However, all commanders participating in the battlefield chose Daedong, which is useful in practice, although they lag behind catchers who cannot use firearms properly in every emergency.20. Then, King Seonjo, who was recognizing the excellence of gunpowder weapons, personally moved outside Sungnyemun Gate and refuted the traditional theory of superiority in archery while propping martial arts tests. At the time of today's trial, it was several times the size of a rifle, so it is reliable that an old man said, "A rifle is five times better than a bow." In the wake of the Imjin War, an accurate evaluation of the power of the rifle was made. King Seonjo proved that the rifle was superior to the deviation in terms of penetration and range through the test launch of both. Although the firearm was judged to be superior to the archer, there was a problem in the production and use of the firearm. There was a shortage of firearms and gunpowder materials, manufacturing techniques, and technicians. Therefore, firearms were limitedly manufactured and used, and archers were less restricted. Thus, tactical operation relying on traditional weapons, or archers, was the center. The traditional archery method was applied as it was. The basic firing method of archery was intensive firing as if it were raining from a distance, that is, a rampage. This rampage had the effect of retreating the enemy to the beginning by giving murder and psychological threats to the enemy approaching the pre-prepared castle. This rampage method is a type such as modern bullet shooting, which is determined by the concentration of the number of mobilized shooters and the quantity of archers, and its effectiveness has been proven in practice. However, not only did the effect of archery be halved due to the emergence of firearms, but there was also a problem that the arrow quickly ran out due to the waste of arrows. In order to overcome these shortcomings, it is necessary to improve the archery method. In addition, in reality, improvement measures for the use of existing traditional weapons were easier than the production of firearms to respond to Japanese guns. These efforts were not new, but adventurous in the process of overcoming national difficulties such as forest war through realistic application of the traditional palace launch method. I would like to look at some of the firing methods implemented at the battlefield at the time.