Military operation of the bow. Part 04.

 Through the Manchu Invasion of Korea for Reconstruction of the Northern Beol Movement and Gungsul, Joseon proved to be inferior to the wild people who had been belittling not only in national strategies but also in tactics and weapons systems. With the advent of King Hyojong, the government has promoted a North Korean punitive movement for more than a decade to retaliate against Daecheong.       While preparing for the northern punishment of the Qing Dynasty, King Hyojong attempted to reevaluate the archers who had neglected. He emphasized the complementary function of traditional weapons as much as interest in Hwapo, a new weapon. This was a measure in consideration of the fact that the weapons of the counterpart countries before the North Korean war were centered on traditional weapons and the battlefield was in the Manchuria Plain. The vulnerability of gunpowder weapons is primarily supplemented with traditional weapons including archers, but they are not satisfied with this and further attempted fundamental improvement measures for the use of traditional weapons.     At that time, it was true that the Hwapo unit of Joseon had the strongest power. However, the vulnerability of the cannon is that it cannot be used properly in case of a storm. By supplementing the vulnerability of Hwapo with a traditional palace, it was possible to maintain the power of peacetime. As a result, the Hwapodae Pavilion of Sueocheong, which is useless in the event of a storm, was reorganized into Jeon Cheon-hu's [Sapo Cham Opposition].41). As a result, a practical increase in power was sought through a unit composed of only Hwapo-soo and a half-and-half Hwapo-soo.   In addition, strengthening the protection power to protect ordinary soldiers who were not properly equipped with protective armor from the Qing army's guards was a top priority. The king presented a wooden shield, but it was decided to be a battery due to the burden of moving. It is said that soldiers carry batteries in peacetime, and make a bastion of soil in wartime to prevent enemy attacks.42). Hyojong reorganized Geumgun into a pro-crisis army for the northern punishment, 43), and set up a dedicated knight's quarters at Changdeokgung Palace. Then, the hospitality and the wisards were asked to train martial arts such as horse riding and archery. Accordingly, there was severe opposition from the cavalry who heard the royal ministers because they were inappropriate for the rugged terrain of Joseon.44). Despite this opposition, King Hyojong's emphasis on fostering cavalry should be seen as a measure to prepare for the plains in Manchuria Plain in the future. King Hyojong's acquisition of military knowledge of Daecheong cavalry warfare stems from the Horan, eight years of hostage life, and three experiences through the Ming Dynasty. He improved the shortcomings of the Joseon army through comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of tactics and weapons with the Qing army. Among them, you can look at the parts related to archers. In Korea, people who shoot arrows on horseback do not try to lie down on their saddle, so it is easy to be hit by enemy arrows, making it a big laugh whenever the lovers see it, so this habit should be eliminated first.  In addition, Bigap and gloves are only outerwear. When you suddenly deal with an enemy, which period would you wear it?  People in Korea said, "Isn't it wrong because the customs of the country don't use loading well because they only try to shoot far away 45?" The common technique of Joseon was the same straight posture as that of the Bodhisattva. However, the knight's technique contrasted with this because the body was slightly forward. Although the technique at the time was not a traditional attitude, it seems that it was applied mutatis mutandis to the Joseon Dynasty. Hyojong also proposed improvement measures because Joseon's knight law was at high risk of being attacked by the enemy. These measures were a restoration of Joseon's traditional techniques for operation Daehoin and an improvement measure tailored to the wartime situation. It is true that the use of assistive equipment such as plastic gloves and gloves, which are usually prepared before archery, has helped improve archery ability. However, the advancement or luxury caused by the use of such auxiliary equipment was technically dysfunctional. In particular, it was argued that the use of auxiliary equipment should be prohibited from regular training because it appeared to be a waste and inconvenience of a lot of time during battles. In order to increase the effect of killing in practice, the application of approximation, not the original law, and the use of long arrows, not short arrows, was argued to cause greater fatal injuries. The effect of strengthening the overall national defense reform for King Hyojong's North Korean punishment was also proven in practice at that time (46). However, due to King Hyojong's letter of appreciation, which strongly promoted this, the attempt to change this was stopped.   Since then, it has been historical fact that Gungsi has occupied certain functions and positions as a military weapon, but no changes have been attempted to be applied in the new era. In major military weapons in case of emergency, firearms as long-distance soldiers and Changgeom as short weapons for close combat took their place. Conventionally, bows have developed over the years by functioning as a tool for mental and physical training in peacetime and as combat weapons in wartime. However, as the bow's function as a combat weapon weakened, it turned into a custom of paying attention to external decoration when it comes to bows and arrow bins 47). Therefore, as Jeong Yak-yong pointed out, society as a whole was indifferent to martial arts, and even soldiers in the military neglected archery, which was the most common, 48). In the Honggyeongrae War in 1811, weapons used by both rebels and subjugation forces were mainly gunpowder weapons, which determined the victory or defeat of the battle. Since then, the Joseon government has strictly banned the sale of weapons other than the palace, 49), and in military hubs, catcher units and batteries were mainly deployed.50. These measures indicate the reality that the importance of firearms as combat weapons has been re-recognized, whereas the importance of archers has been greatly weakened.