Miscellaneous rumors about Hogusu in the late Goguryeo period.

 Since we have not yet obtained important data necessary to write about the military system, we will only post articles about the number of households. As I wrote, I give considerable trust to the number of 697,000 so-hae-han, but I believe that the remaining data alone cannot be said perfectly. I always say this, but I think the fastest way to increase the power of harm is to have serious discussions with people who disagree and write in person. I think good writing is no match for happiness and the knowledge and learning gained from it to the joy of filling your stomach with a meal. I hope it will always be a reverse opportunity to learn good writing and knowledge, and I will try to add strength to it even though it is weak. It is not a counterargument to the national white paper, but rather to let you know how other opinions are presented, so please refer to the national white paper. And the record below was posted because it seemed to be an important clue to the existence of Goguryeo naval forces in the late Goguryeo period. I will also post a separate article about Goguryeo naval forces. 【 On the way back, I met Goguryeo's Sunra-byeong on the sea. He was sitting on a boat wearing a hat worn by a high-ranking man and clothes worn by a noble man who followed Chunchu, and when he saw Sunra-byeong, he was considered Chunchu and killed him.】 Like all other problems related to ======================================================================================= Goguryeo in the 2nd year of Queen Jindeok's reign (in 648 AD) of the Three Kingdoms Period, there is no record of the total population in the late Goguryeo period - more accurately, the total population understood by Goguryeo itself. The only remaining evidence is the following data. It divided Goguryeo's fifth division, 176 castles, and 690,000 households to make 9 Dodokbu, 42 weeks, and 100 prefectures, and ruled with Andong Dohobu in Pyongyang, and selected those with merit among our generals to participate in politics with the Chinese people, and made Uwiwi Daejanggun a Geoman-dongho. At this time, it was Mujin year (668), the first year of King Gojong's reign. In addition to the 27-year record of Goguryeo's Bongi King Bojeong in the Three Kingdoms Period, almost the same record appears in the Goguryeo match against Dongiyeoljeon in Gudangseo.Here, a more detailed number of households, or 697,000 units, is recorded. Judging from the remaining records, the specific number of 697,000 units seems to have been recorded by Kim Bu-sik, who translated the Tang Dynasty's record as it was, and it is highly likely that the person who grasped this number was not Goguryeo, but Tang Dynasty. This specific number of 697,000 is the only data that can estimate the population of the late Goguryeo period, regardless of its authenticity. Therefore, whether it is positive or negative, this number is becoming an important criterion, and to add credibility to this number, either side is putting more weight on the fiction of this number. Therefore, in the current situation, it would be reasonable to show statements based on both negative and positive arguments about this number and hand over their judgments to the readers. Personally, about 3.5 million people in 700,000 households are judged to be quite reliable. I will describe my personal opinion on it in the positive theory. First of all, there are two opinions that the denial of this number is reduced as opposed to the view that the number is exaggerated. First of all, the person who thinks this number is exaggerated is the exaggeration commonly seen in Chinese history.In particular, it is believed that the Tang Dynasty, which won the victory at the time of the collapse of Goguryeo, a long-time enemy, deliberately exaggerated the number to enhance their major and explain their defeat. However, the biggest problem with this hyperbole is that everything should be explained with situational theory and estimation theory instead of clear evidence. Of course, it is argued that there is no possibility that the population of Goguryeo in the previous era exceeded 3 million at a time when the population in the early Goryeo period did not exceed 10 million, but personally, considering the difference between the early Goryeo and late Goguryeo rivers. Next, the opinion of the side that the number of negatives has been reduced is as follows. Although Goguryeo said Pyongyang Castle fell in September 668, the area occupied by the party was only part of the Pyongyang Castle area and the Liaodong area. In other words, it is only a part of the 12th ridge of Daegok and Hanseong, which informed King Munmu that the fortress, 16 fortresses in September 667, Mokjeo and Changamseong Fortress occupied by Yeonnamsaeng, 40 women in February 668, Yaluseong Fortress, Daeseong Fortress, and advanced apes in the old Baekje area.  Among the occupied areas, 11 castles north of the Yalu River, which did not fall until 671, include northern female and sacred states that are known to have already been occupied, and Liaodongseong and Ansiseong provinces. And around 670, two years after the occupation of Goguryeo, Geommojam and Anseung launched a revival movement centered on Hanseong, and after 673, when the revival movement was suppressed, they continued to fight over Silla and occupied areas, and finally retreated Andong Dohobu, which was established to rule Goguryeo in February 677. The Chinese record of this period, as always, recorded a small defeat and a large victory, but the flow was clear, and the results were also clear. In the spring of the 2nd year of Uibong (677), the emperor made the king who surrendered as the leader of the Joseon Dynasty and sent him back to Yodong to choreograph the rest of the group, and as an eastern country, all those who came to various states returned with the king and moved Andong Dohobu to rule. The Battle of Maechoseong and the Battle of Gibolpo, which took place during the Goguryeo period of the Three Kingdoms, clarified that the party could no longer have a military advantage on the Korean Peninsula and that it was impossible to deploy any more military forces at a time when the stone palace, which was divided with Toburn, a direct threat. North Korean academia argues that even before the founding of Balhae, there was an independent "Sogogoguryeoguk" in the Liaodong area, and they were integrated into Balhae after the founding of Balhae. Regardless of whether these claims are true or not, the above records clearly show that the party has given up direct control over Goguryeo territory. In this situation, the party does not have the ability to properly investigate Goguryeo's population. The party was able to properly investigate Goguryeo's population for about 669 years, when several castles in the Liaodong area did not surrender, and the southern area was also the base of revival forces, so normal census was impossible, and the number of houses was only a lake for some of Pyongyang and Liaodong areas. In fact, if you look at the number of households since 755 when the rebellion in Annoksan Mountain broke out, the number of households dropped sharply from 8 million in 756 to 2.9 million in 760. It would be reasonable to see all households that have disappeared more than half of them as households located in areas less than administrative power during the war, and understand that Goguryeo's households surveyed by the party are also subject to some areas of the party's administrative power and do not represent the exact number of households in the late Goguryeo. On the contrary, those who believe that this number is reliable hold the following records as the main basis. In February (669), the second year of the presidential election (669), a warrior, prince Taesa, and British Princess Lee Juck and others said. We report the situation of the agenda as in the future, in accordance with the order that the installation of Dodokbu and Jugun in various castles of Goguryeo should be compared to the superiority and inferiority of the castles along with Namsaeng.』 [Let's do that] He lowered the directive. As requested, the lord should be subjugated to Eungdang, but should be entrusted to Yu In-gwe, the governor and idol of Liaodong Do.』 Thus, it was appropriately divided and subordinated to all Andong Dohobu. If you look at the above records in the Samguksagi magazine, you can see that the Tang Dynasty consulted with Namsaeng when investigating Goguryeo's number of households. As the successor of Yeon Gaesomun, Namsaeng was deeply involved in Goguryeo's state affairs and, of course, must have had a clear grasp of Hogusu. Furthermore, during this period, the party would have been able to obtain the necessary information through the surrendered King Bojang. There are approximately two ways in which the ruling forces introduced from the outside govern the new ruling area. One is to include the existing ruling class in an indirect way and to recognize some of their vested interests and place them under their own influence, and the direct ruling method completely excludes the existing ruling class and transplants their administrative system. The party took the form of indirect control through rice wine to nomadic peoples such as Seolyeonta and Dolgwol, but Goguryeo and Baekje regions were directly controlled by dismantling the existing administrative system and reorganizing it into their administrative system. Of course, it is not a complete direct control method, but the party's use of existing officials as heads or aides to lower administrative organizations in the region shows that it attempted to dominate Baekje and Goguryeo in a different way than other nomadic peoples. Considering this situation, it is possible to estimate that the number of households surveyed by the party at the time would be relatively accurate. However, another problem arises here. If the number of households in Baekje, which collapsed in 660, is also accurate, there is a problem that Goguryeo has fewer households than Baekje with 760,000 households. Of course, the climate of Baekje is warmer and more suitable for agriculture than Goguryeo, so there is a possibility of a difference in population density, but considering the difference between Goguryeo's and Baekje's rivers, it seems somewhat less convincing.

Personal speculation on this is that after King Taejong's invasion of Goguryeo in 645, the casualties and birth rate were reduced, frequent wars, and the resulting departure of households due to harsh receipts. Goguryeo's current records of war ended in 666 with the invasion of the party in 647 and 648, the attack of Goguryeo and Malgal allied forces in 654, the invasion of the party in 655, 658 and 659, and the attack of Bang Hyo-tae, which began in the winter of 662, and the 668 war began in 666. From 645 to 668, the party's invasion, which only remained on record, was seven times, and if it was counted as training, the war broke out in 11 years, nearly half of the 23 years, and all of them were carried out within Goguryeo's territory. Furthermore, the aspect of the war was often fought around the castle to prevent the invading party forces from attacking. Castle-based Mercury tactics enable effective defense against overwhelming offensive power for defenders, but since the main battlefield is the living ground of ordinary people, even if the party retreats, it will inevitably suffer enormous economic damage, especially farmers based on agriculture. Although mentioned several times, the engagement between the party and Goguryeo in the late Goguryeo period is almost recorded as a victory of the party. Of course, it is unreasonable to see it as a unilateral victory for the party, but at least during this period, Goguryeo may have been exhausted from the top ruling class to the general farmers due to the continued war with the party. So far, we have looked at various perspectives on Hogusu in the late Goguryeo period. In the end, I think it is up to the person who sees the record to decide how much weight it puts on the number 697,000.