The collapse of the father-in-law of the Tang Dynasty, scholars who study the father-in-law of the Tang Dynasty, believe that the collapse of the father-in-law of the Tang Dynasty was usually completely destroyed in 747 (the 6th year of King Hyeonjong's reign), more precisely 755 years ago. The Tang Hyeonjong period is known as the heyday of Tang Taejong, which is called the "Chi of Gaewon." The prevailing view is that political turmoil continued even during the reign of the former posterior, but the aftermath did not seriously affect the general public or foreign policy. During this period, why did the Bubyungje, which served as the basis for the achievement of the party's military achievements and became the foundation for the honorable nickname of the World Empire, collapse? Why did the father-son system, which was implemented in 636, disappear a little over a hundred years later when it was called the heyday of the party? The external factor is that the burden and risk of farmers increased due to continuous external expansion. This is the same as the Roman legion's civil disease system, which was the same concept as the father-in-law system during the days of Sulah and Marius, collapsed and transformed into the so-called "Mule of Marius," a professional soldier. The Roman legion, originally organized with the participation of citizens, kept conscripted citizens unable to engage in their livelihoods due to continuous external expeditions, and civic soldiers, who had no time to engage in agriculture, eventually went bankrupt and flowed into the city. The vacancy was occupied by large farms composed of slaves obtained as spoils of the conquest war, and most of them were senators as well as the actual owners of the large farms. When the citizens who made the Roman legion look like the Roman legion disappeared, the Roman legion became weak, and the civic legion disappeared from Roman history after showing its weak appearance in the Egyptian War in Numedia. In fact, the party's side-by-side system was a system that was quite burdensome for small farmers even though the land was distributed. If he/she was registered as an incidental disease and belonged to the compromise, he/she had to prosper to the capital city for more than three months a year for about 40 years, and both the cost and equipment spent on it were personal burden. In addition, for three years, I had to go out to guard against Jin and Su on the border, but if I died or got hurt here, it would be a considerable burden not only to the parties but also to their families. In addition, Goguryeo alone had to fight wars that lasted until 645, 647, 648, 659, 661, and 668. In addition, although it ended in a short period of time, it had to fight against Baekje's revival forces for about three years even after the fall of Baekje in 660, and at the end, it had to fight against Japanese soldiers. Even after the fall of Goguryeo in 668, it had to crush the resistance of Goguryeo's revival forces for about three years, and after the time of overpowering Goguryeo people, it had to fight again over the distribution of Silla and occupied areas. Chinese librarians hold the number of casualties gained by the party forces in the 645 expedition to about 2,000, but they cannot literally believe the number, and in addition, they had to engage in continuous battles with the Lunar New Year's Eve hits, stone fires, and Toburn. In particular, Tobon defeated the party several times, and eventually, the party had to hurry to deploy immigrants such as black-capped generals. It goes without saying that the continuous consumption of soldiers engaged in the battle, whether mobilized as auxiliary soldiers or as soldiers during this period, was almost no different from giving up their livelihoods while self-employed farmers engaged in external expeditions. It is very similar to the collapse of the Roman legion, which consisted of citizens, but unlike the Roman legion, which was paid only about the purchase of spoils and equipment from the fight, Tang's soldiers were able to receive 17 units of land per individual. However, nothing has been revealed superficially whether the land was able to be properly cultivated, but it is highly likely to have acted as a burden over time. The number of households in the party was 8.9 million in 755. However, among them, the ratio of men aged 20 to 60 classified as Jeongnam was strangely low. Hogu, which is included in the number of households investigated by the Tang Dynasty but does not have to bear taxes and military service, was called Daniho in the party, and those who did not bear the burden of taxes and military service were called Bui-gu. They were not only official fire districts in the Tang Dynasty, but also minors under the age of 20, the elderly over the age of 60, the physically disabled, and those and bureaucrats who belonged to slave status. However, out of the 8.9 million households identified in the 755-year census, the number of households was 3.5 million, or 40%, and the number of households was also over 80%. This unnatural figure cannot erase the feeling that it is insufficient to explain only the warriors and injuries of Jangjeong due to the continuous war. It is believed that this unnatural number cannot be explained except in situations where a man is listed as a woman in the family register to avoid military service and taxation, or a boy born is not listed on the family register at all. For reference, Tongjeon, compiled by Duu, a scholar in the late 8th century, estimates that the actual population of the party is about 13 million. These people, who were not caught in the family register, are presumed to be the people who fled their hometowns and the people who fell into tenant farmers without losing their land. In addition to continuous external expeditions, another cause of the collapse of the party's side-by-side system can be confirmed in another aspect. The family register of Don Huang (Sensitive Don Huang Hyeon), discovered by Felio of France in the early 20th century and John Stein Beck of England, plays an important role in understanding the life of the Tang Dynasty to the extent that it is called Don Huang Hak. It is as if it can be compared to the fact that Silla's village documents discovered in Japan are important indicators for studying the life history of late Silla. Among the data found in Donhuang, you can see the records of Songji, which was the frost of Mihyeon (Hyeopseoseong Mihyeon), one of the nine prefectures belonging to Giju. Songji, who was in charge of the practical affairs of local administration like the children of the Joseon Dynasty, openly rejects the customary burden of supplementing travel expenses. This is contrary to the customs generally practiced in rural areas, and it does not appear that there was no economic margin to the extent that Songji could not bear the burden. The party's equalization system and disease-related system were mainly aimed at small-scale self-employed farmers engaged in agricultural activities. The purpose of distributing land of the same size collectively is to make the controlled class economically equal and smooth control, behind the policy that does not allow large-scale land acquisition in principle other than business. However, such a fundamental governance system began to falter. That is also by the management that must support and maintain the governance system. Even if it starts in the same state or under the same conditions, the economic gap between members widens over time due to various factors, whether in ancient or modern society, as long as the private property system is implemented. The development of Gangnam and commercial development due to the opening of the Grand Canal also marked an economic gap among farmers, and rural areas, where the Tang Dynasty made policy efforts to maintain the most homogeneous and equal state, also emerged with landowners and public power. Those who had more economic leeway than other members rejected the military service that would be imposed on them and the economic burden on soldiers who went to the border, and this phenomenon deepened over time, leading to a vicious cycle of widening the gap between rich and poor. Against this unreasonable burden, the means chosen by the fallen farmers was "escape." As explained earlier, migration from the place where the compromise was established to another place was prohibited in principle, and in particular, the escape of overwork, which bears the burden of taxes and military service, was subject to strict punishment, but the escape of overworkers was not stopped. Finally, the party's mediation acknowledged that the ban policy by punishment did not prevent the escape of these overworkers - they were called Doho - and implemented the so-called "Kwalho Policy" led by the prime minister Woo Moon-yong in 723, the early days of King Hyeonjong's reign. Instead of punishing the fleeing Doho, it has implemented unconventional policies such as conciliating and settling where it fled, and succeeded in parenthesizing about 800,000 Doho. This was nearly a tenth of the total household, which was a considerable number even considering that it contained some exaggeration. Instead of punishment, they implement policies such as incorporating them into the party's administrative power and imposing light taxes, but in the end, it can be said to be a sign of serious cracks in the party's fundamental ruling system. As discussed in front of the emergence of a new army, if you enter the department of tea (registered as an adjunct) and register as an adjunct, the types of military services that farmers have to pay can be divided into capital and border expenses, except that they are mobilized for exhibition. By the time the side-by-side system collapsed, serious problems began to arise in the existing border security system, the water repellent system. Often, party border security is compared to the enacted Roman border security system. The defensive system, called Limes (barrier), mainly deploys small-scale troops composed of assistants along the border, and when detecting an invasion of barbarians, reserve forces composed of corpsmen are dispatched slightly behind. This type of defensive system has the advantage of being able to defend the entire border and buy time for the rear to prepare for enemy invasion, but it was helpless against a large-scale invasion beyond the control of small troops deployed on the prolonged border. In fact, during the reign of Marcus Aurelius, the last emperor of Rome's five present periods (the same period Romans called it the golden age), Iremes began to break through several times, and to prepare for this, the emperor had to create two separate legions. In other words, it was a defense system that showed its own ability to repeatedly invade small enemies, but the problem was that there was no way to stop it if the enemy gathered on a large scale and concentrated its power. For both Rome and Tang Dynasty, the defense system using these small positions worked properly at a time when the other party's military capabilities facing the border were not united.
Both the borders of Rome's Limes and the party began to break down little by little, with the purpose of attacking across the border, the ability to focus all their might, and the consensus to handle the damage caused by the attack. If Rome had dealt with the formation of reserves in the rear, the Tang Dynasty would have stationed defense units much larger than Jinsoo in the border defense zone from the late 7th century when the anti-American policy that divided the immigrants virtually failed and the Second Empire was established. This was called Gunjin, which began to grow in size in line with the Tang Dynasty's abandonment of the conscription system by the father-in-law and introduction of the recruitment system, and eventually set up a military camp. Starting with Anseo Beonjin, which was first established in 710, the birth of Beonjin brought about the emergence of a thief who played an important political role in the late Tang Dynasty. Of course, the collapse of the father-in-law did not immediately lead to the emergence of a complete recruitment system. The official recruitment system in the Tang Dynasty was implemented in 737, and measures were taken to recruit military soldiers. These soldiers, commonly called Jang Jeong-gun, were not replaced, but lived with their families in Gunjin, Byeon-gun. Like the soldiers, they took the form of a recruit who exempted taxes and paid salaries, but because they were paid to areas near Gunjin where they lived with their families, they also had the nature of a dull disease, but the complete form of a disease-rathering system collapsed. Jang Jeong-gun-ah was mainly covered by runaway farmers called Gaekho or tenant farmers called warriors or marketers. Meanwhile, at the end of the 7th century, when the side-cheonmufu was in power, a disease called unity was born in the Shandong region. The disease, called unity, was created to protect the hometown from the invasion of immigrants who began to surge into a kind of local defense unit, and like Jang Jeong-gun-ah, it was born amid cracks and chaos in the existing military system. In every 150 units, 15 soldiers and one horse were conscripted, mainly in charge of local security, and were led by a military officer called a trainer. Initially, he was dispatched from the provinces, but after King Xuanzong's ascension, he took control of the command while concurrently serving as the local captain. Often, when the person in charge of local administration took control of the civil regime and military command at the same time, the establishment of united soldiers also expanded over time due to frequent wars or frequent invasion by foreign enemies. This unity was not an recruit, but a conscription, and in principle, wealthy people in rural areas, who were supposed to first recruit wealthy farmers but had already lost their equality, colluded with officials to pass on their obligations to tenant farmers or poor farmers. Meanwhile, the prosperity of the father-in-law to the capital, which was the main task of the soldiers, also began to falter, with only differences in degree. In order to solve this problem, the Party Coordination created a new disease called the expansion system dedicated only to the security of the capital. The disease system, created in 725, had no difference from the existing side-by-side system except that border security was not provided, contrary to the initial recruitment system in mind. Of course, these confirmations, like the united soldiers, had the principle of prioritizing wealthy farmers, but in the end, they were not properly implemented. We looked at the process of the collapse of the paternal disease system implemented by the Tang Dynasty so far. In short, the side disease system, which was implemented in 636, completely collapsed in 747. The biggest reason for the collapse of the side-by-side system is that the governance system, which tried to control farmers by distributing land of the same size as the side-by-side, which had been frequently mobilized due to continued expansion policies, failed to control. Finally, why the party's leaders insisted on the side-by-side system even when the collapse of the side-by-side system became certain. First of all, the reason for this was the increase in cost. In fact, the spread of the change, which began to grow on a large scale in the reign of King Hyeonjong, cost a huge amount of maintenance, and almost all revenues collected by the Yangse Act were spent maintaining the military march of the change. Considering that the resale system of salt implemented to cover insufficient costs was eventually the cause of the bull's rebellion that caused the party's complete extinction, their stubborn attitude would be a little understandable. And another reason is that these ruling classes understood the disease-rural system as the most ideal military system. The leadership understood these small farmers as the subordinate unit of the state, and personally agree that conscription of land of the same size and then conscripted them to form an army has been passed down since the state's armistice law. The party gave up this side-by-side system because officials who entered politics through the past system gradually settled down instead of the existing aristocrats who understood the side-by-side system as the most ideal military system. They were more realistic than the existing ruling aristocrats, and some predicted that sticking to the side-by-side system would eventually lead to the departure of small farmers. The Bubyungje, which completely disappeared in the mid-8th century, was replaced by the recruitment system, which meant the retreat of the Tang Dynasty's administrative governance system based on land distribution, and the Tang had to show things that did not match the proud name of the World Empire. The collapse of the father-in-law eventually gave birth to the emergence of a huge spread and the position of a thief, and became the key to the destruction of the party. Aging inevitably occurs when the initial growth engine, whether individuals or countries, disappears. Rome was accepted as a great empire because it maintained the system through fierce internal reform in this state. In addition, important changes and extinction of policies that form the basis of a country or nation may shake the foundation for the existence of the country or nation, and it can be said that it had a direct impact, especially in ancient times.
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