The amount of money cast during the Joseon Dynasty.

 Our perception in the country of the Joseon Dynasty, is 'a country with a self-sustaining economic economic structure' perception that only agriculture and the importance and scornfully, commerce and industries if addressing the economic structure or ganghao that there was a dull affair. Of course, the country is called 'nongja cheonhajidaebon' here cares about farmers, afternoon. All industries of agriculture based on what is true, but that business is to be so humble, did question a loudmouth. Each industry indicates active exchanges between Io about the establishment of a cash economy is one of the indicators that can be. A lot of money supply was all the equipment that exchanges since it is also evidence of active. We have spread throughout the country, Sangpyeong Tongbo for the sukjjongdae know that money is used extensively during the late Joseon period by. How much? If so, the total hwapyeryang Examined in his paper <hwapyeryang for and development of the monetary value, 1865 -- 1678>, as follows : is a professor at Korea University economics and ieonchang ssdao. " The mint coins in the coffin is 1678 - 1697 for around 4.5 million shekels, 5 million shekels for a 1798 1731, 1809 - In 1857, for more than six million pieces of presumed to have more. The total amount of money as a coin around 1,300 to 1,500 in 1860 is estimated to have located in the scope of an immense sum of money. 

If the total amount of coins is set at about 5 million nyang in the early 18th century, 9 million nyang in 1800, and 14 million nyang in 1860, it is estimated that the proportion of total coins to gross domestic product rose from about 3 percent in the early 18th century to 4 percent in 1860. By the end of the 17th century coins of the ratings for the change in velocity is because according to the changes, fluctuations in the value of a coin in severe. 1710s from just until the 1820s, the prices stable not just for one or can be characterized as a so-called 錢荒 貴 錢文. The situation of the war while constantly increasing demand for coins as prolonged as it is not increase the supply of coins and silver retail decline corresponds to him. Since 1829, temples have been supplied in large quantities, breaking away from the war situation." 

Main details. Main amount.  

Estimated mains from early 1678 to February 1680 and estimated mains from April 1678 to early 1681 to March 1689 * Estimated mains from August 1690 to September 1695 * Estimated mains from October 1695 to the end of 1697 * Estimated mains from October 1731 to 1732 Estimated mains of 200,000 nyang between October and May 1765 between 1763 and 1765 * Estimated mains of 400,000 nyang 1772 and 1775 * Estimated of 1 million nyang supplied in March 1779 * Estimated of the new mains from 1789 * Estimated of 1794,000 nyang in May.Estimated amount of temples supplied * 500,000 nyang 367,500 nyang 367,500 nyang supplied in April 1825, 733,600 nyang 784,300 nyang supplied in January 1832 * Estimated amount of temples supplied in April 1853, October 1855, 1857 nyang 1,857 nyang, etc. What should be added here is Po, which used to function as silver and currency. However, contrary to what we think, Po did not play a big role as a currency. "Choopo was convenient for small transactions, but there were many limitations in building other commodity currencies. Therefore, when looking at the literature of land and slaves in the 16th and 7th centuries, it was often traded as general cotton, rice, and cattle. Chupo was also used by local farmers, but it was particularly actively distributed in commercial areas such as Seoul. The amount of chubo was small. When the use of chupo was banned in 1651, 堉은 considered that 50,000 chupo, equivalent to the total amount of chupo in Seoul, could be purchased even if the price was paid generously with 3,000 seats of rice. If the amount of chupo nationwide is three times that of Seoul, the purchasing power is only full of rice. In addition, from the middle of the 17th century, the limitations of pursuit as currency were remarkably revealed and its function weakened. As became worse around 1650, its value plummeted, putting restrictions on market transactions. In 1652, there was a time when the army, who brought obscurity because they could not buy rice unless it was 이, appealed above Seoul. At the beginning of the casting of the Sangpyeong Notice, Chupo was not functioning properly as a currency. " Then, what about the number of markets? It is a question of the nature of the market economy, which has developed mainly in rural areas since the 17th century. Regular poetry appeared in the late 15th century and was established as a five-day market system by the end of the 17th century, and completed its external expansion with the peak of 1,060 market hours nationwide in the late 18th century. At this stage, Joseon's long-term density and interconnected distribution network were world-class following advanced regions in China. In addition, coins, a metallic currency, began to be used in the late 17th century. With the development of the market economy, merchant capital, such as peddlers connecting regular cities and passengers engaged in brokerage businesses, grew at transportation points such as ports. Thoughts grew in cities such as Seoul, dismantling and reorganizing the traditional city system." (Professor Lee Young-hoon of Sungkyunkwan University) I think it is a problem to see Joseon as a closed agricultural society without material exchanges. 3-line summary: 1. During the Joseon Dynasty, many currencies were distributed, and the total amount was estimated to have been in the range of 13 to 15 million nyang around 1860. 2. Po, contrary to what we think, did not play a big role as a currency. 3. In the late 18th century, Joseon's long-term density and interconnected distribution network were world-class following China's advanced regions.