Yugoslavia - 2

 The Turks, who invaded Vienna in 1683, were defeated by Jan Sobieski, king of Poland, and expelled from Hungary after a long war with Austria by the Austrian army of Eugene. In 1717, the Austrian army took Belgrade, and the following year in peace negotiations, the Ottoman Turks handed over Hungary and Belgrade, but Serbia refused to yield. By 1739, the Ottoman Turks had taken Belgrade again.

In the war between Turkey and Austria, the Serbs remained neutral. (The Serbs did not like the Turks who were Muslims, nor the Austrians who were Catholics and oppressed Eastern politics.) On the other hand, the Croats and Slovenians joined the Austrian army and continued to wage war against the Turks.

After the revolution in France in 1791, the European royal family united against the republican government, and the Croats volunteered to join the Austrian army and confronted Napoleon's army. But Napoleon's army ravaged Venice, crossed the Adriatic Sea, and occupied Dalmatia. Napoleon called on Austria to rebuild Dalmatia and then merge Croatia and Slovenia into Dalmatia. However, after Napoleon's fall, the Vienna Conference returned Croatia and Slovenia to Austria, and even ceded Venice and Dalmachiya's junior sites.

In 1804, the Vanturk Revolution broke out under the command of Karajorje in Serbia, and the revolutionary army asked Alexander I of Russia for help. However, when Russia, which was at war with Napoleon, failed to provide support, the revolution ended in failure. Milos Obrenovic was the leader of another unrest in 1815. He warned Karajolze, who was fighting for leadership, that he would remove him, and then sent an assassin to kill him, who was sleeping.

When the rebellion led by Miloche-Obrenovic was successful, the Turk granted Serbia autonomy. However, when Miloche showed strong pro-Ottoman tendencies, Russia began to support the aristocrats who were hostile to Miloche. Meanwhile, Britain tried to stop Catholics in the Balkans from becoming independent from the Ottoman Turks. The move was aimed at allowing only quasi-autonomy after separating it into small countries so that it could not fight the Ottoman Empire.

Romania and Serbia were recognized as independent states under the Berlin Convention in 1878, but Bulgaria was separated into Bulgaria and Rumelia (the territory of the Gusoman Empire, such as Macedonia and Albania), allowing only quasi-autonomy under Ottoman Turks. Bosnia and Herzegovina were Ottoman territories in principle, but Austria ruled until security was stabilized, and Albania also became Ottoman subordinate. (Montenegro was able to maintain its status as an independent state as it was in the past.)

Within seven years of the Berlin Convention, Bulgaria merged with Rumelia, and Serbia attacked Bulgaria, and despite Austria's mediation efforts, Bulgaria attacked Serbia next. In Bosnia, as the conflict between Serbs, Croats, and Bosnians intensified, Austria made it a justification for territorial occupation, and political confrontation between Serbia and Albania intensified in Kosovo, where the Ottoman Turks ruled.

Fierce political feuds in the Balkans sometimes led to killings. Most of the forces behind the scenes were Russia and Austria. In 1903, the Karajorjevic family's supporters killed King Aleksandar Obrenovic and Queen Draga of Serbia and threw the body out of the window.

Jasper Ridley : "TITO", p.28 ~ p.47