Marcos in the Philippines in 1986 and Suharto in Indonesia in 1998

 ========= Philippine dictator Marcos (ruled 65-86) ========= Maxai, a charismatic Filipino political figure who contributed greatly to Asian and international cooperation, died in the plane crash, followed by C.P. Garcia and Diosta, but political stability based on parliamentarianism began to falter after the 1960s. At the same time as the promotion of industrialization and the expansion of nationalism calling for independence against the United States, F.E. Marcos, who was elected president in 1965, attempted to diversify his foreign policy centered on Asian diplomacy. He also established diplomatic relations with communist countries and promoted economic development policies such as farmland reform, food production, industrial reorganization, and investment promotion policies. However, Marcos, who was elected president again in 1969, gradually strengthened his dictatorship, and in September 1972, he declared martial law and abolished the three-term rule, paving the way for permanent power, as well as pushing ahead with the fear of a new constitution that concentrated legislative power on the president. Under the slogan "New Society," public control and mobilization proceeded, and the military's political and economic advancement was remarkably expanded. Marcos' martial law system was used almost every year as a means of legalizing the extension of the regime by going through a formality of confidence called a referendum. After that, from 1975, the "normalization" process based on village residents' rallies (barangai) began, and in 1976, 13 local representatives from all over the country were selected to convene and revise the provisional National Assembly regulations, which had delayed the implementation of the Legislative Advisory Council. In April 1978, an election was held, and the provisional National Assembly, an agency of the National Assembly, was launched, consisting of 200 members, including public elected members, job representatives, and appointed members. Marcos established a formal parliamentary cabinet system by taking office as president and prime minister at the same time as the formation of the Provisional Council, while establishing a nepotistic dictatorship by appointing his wife Imelda as Manila's mayor and son as an aide to the president. Anti-government forces, who had been imprisoned and other suppressed by Marcos' dictatorship, staged a more violent anti-government campaign after former Senator Aquino was killed at Manila Airport in August 1983 after returning from exile in the United States. Marcos ran an early presidential election on February 7, 1986, to compete with Corason, the widow of Aquino. As a result, Marcos' election was declared by the Philippine parliament, but most of the people defined it as an unprecedented rigged election and launched a massive civil disobedience campaign. On top of that, military leaders, including Defense Minister Enlile, declared support for Corason, causing a gunfight between the two sides, and Marcos and Corason held their respective inauguration ceremonies. However, when most military units supported Corason, Marcos resigned as president and fled to the United States. President Corazon Aquino appointed S. Laurel, who took office as vice president, as prime minister and foreign minister. Former Defense Secretary Ramos won the presidential election in May 1992. Ramos legalized the illegal Communist Party, paving the way for an end to the civil war that had continued since 1969. President Ramos laid the foundation for industrialization and economic growth by promoting the Philippines 2000 policy to put the Philippines in the ranks of emerging industrial countries by 2000. Estrada, who took power in June 1998, maintains economic stability based on the principles of the development economy system, and promotes anti-Gonta faction and agricultural reform. As a result, unlike other Southeast Asian countries, the Philippines has relatively stable finance. 

=================== Suharto, Indonesian dictator (ruled 66-98) =================== He was transferred from Sukarno in March 1966, served as Prime Minister, Defense Minister, Army Secretary, and Army Commander-in-Chief in July. He was elected second president in the National Council from 1967 to 1968, and re-elected in March 1973. However, in November 1979, a year and nine months after the third-term anti-government movement, anti-Chinese riots broke out across the country in April 1980, and 50 prominent retired generals and politicians issued a presidential criticism statement, but in the May 1982 general election, the presidential election was overwhelmed. In terms of diplomacy, the Suharto regime has turned 180 degrees from the Sukarno-era anti-imperialist and non-aligned lines and maintains close relations with various Western countries, including the United States, which is called a "new system." He became a five-term president in 1988 and a six-term president in 1993. In 1998, riots broke out as the economic depression of the IMF hit Indonesia, prompting Suharto to resign and temporarily succeed the vice president In 1999 under President Wahib and Mrs. Megawati's vice-presidential system, Ms. Megawati will be sworn in as president in 2001. At the same time, it was a former Portuguese colony East Timor, annexed by Indonesia, becomes independent.