the civilization of the Yoseo region

 Around 2400 B.C., another civilization was born in Yoseo, China, when the late Neolithic culture, which was called the Hongshan culture, collapsed.    Around the same time, the so-called Jungwon culture began to occur in the upper and upper reaches of the Yellow River.The Jungwon culture is Ha.Jin through the era of silver and the Spring and Autumn Warring States period.In the Han Dynasty, it became the driving force behind the construction of a great empire almost equivalent to the current Chinese territory.    rooted in present-day ChinaSince I thought it was in an empire and the actual Jungwon culture "conquered" its surrounding culture and emerged as the ultimate winner, this view has a huge impact on history, and surrounding cultures except Jungwon culture are still considered as subcategories.    However, this Chineseist view of civilization faces a crisis in the Yoseo area. Even in the Bronze Age civilization, the Yoseo area is faster than the Jungwon area. Just by looking at the excavated artifacts, the bronze culture in the Yoseo area is as brilliant as the Jungwon culture, or rather surpasses it.    In anthropology, fortresses, which are commonly referred to as important signs of power generation or state occurrence, have been discovered so far around rivers called Yeonggeumha and Eumha in the Yoseo area.    When did these countless fortresses appear? It is part of the so-called lower-class cultural period, which is thought to have opened in the 24th century BC and ended in the 15th century BC.    Why should we pay attention to the bronze culture of the Yoseo area, not the Liaodong area? In addition to the meaning that Gojoseon appeared based on the Bronze Age culture in the Yoseo area, it also has a profound influence with the civilization of the Korean Peninsula.    However, there are great challenges ahead for us who are seeking to study this field. First of all, there are few literature records that convey the reality of Bronze Age culture in this region. Second, for this reason, it is necessary to rely entirely on archaeological excavation results. Third, however, it is never easy to access or collect information on these excavation results.    In addition, research results that have been comprehensively, systematically, and analytically approached the bronze culture of the Yoseo region have not yet been produced in Chinese academia. However, the Chinese academic community should not be the only one to look at.    This is why we should pay attention to this book, which is somewhat stiffly titled "The Study of Bronze Age Culture in the Yoseo Area" (Baeksan Data Center). Written by Bok Gi-dae, who obtained a doctorate in this field of research from Jilin University in China and is now a curator at Dankook University's Seokjusun Museum, the book is a comprehensive overview of bronze culture in Yoseo, China.    China has yet to produce such research results.    The book, written by him, who also participated in archaeological excavations there, deals with the Bronze Age culture of the Yoseo region, which began in the 24th century BC and ended in the 4th century BC, by cultural classes.    Regarding the most important cultural class branch, Bok believes that the lower culture of Hagajo, which covered the entire Yoseo area, collapsed around the 15th century BC and changed to the upper culture of Hagajo (14th-7th century BC) in the west, and Neungha culture (14th-4th century BC) in the east.    The author examines the cultural area, its characteristics, and subject matter, focusing on the archaeological excavation results for each cultural class. In the case of the Neungha culture, the author pays considerable weight to the possibility of the Gojoseon lineage, noting the so-called non-wave type bronze sword and its companion relics.    In this regard, Lin Yun, the author's Ph.D. thesis advisor and professor at Jilin University, who is considered the best authority in this field, says in his book recommendation speech as follows.    "Even when the lotus culture headed north and reached the Yoseo area, the residents of the original Neungha culture exchanged and developed the lotus culture, and they spread the shock and influence of the lotus culture to the east and north, which should be noted."    This is noteworthy as a strong suggestion that the main character of the Neungha culture is Gojoseon.    Recently, there have been frequent cases in the Korean archaeological community that cite the results of excavating bronze ware culture in the Yoseo area, and it is fragmented and unexpected without sufficient understanding, giving a feeling of lack of validity. In particular, this is the case with research on Gojoseon.    Therefore, the book is all the more welcome because it seems to signal that our academic community has escaped this academic vulgarity. <Yonhap News, December 26, 2002 Reporter Kim Tae-sik>