Historic site in Joyang-dong, Gyeongju.

 Report on Joyang-dong, Pungnaptoseong Fortress in Silla. 

As a result of excavating the Gyeongju National Museum from the late 1970s to the early 1980s, a report on the excavation of the remains of Joyang-dong, Gyeongju, which excavated various colorful artifacts close to the founding of Silla, is expected to be released at the end of this year at the latest.    Ji Gun-gil, director of the National Museum of Korea, who recently took office, said on the 16th, "We plan to release an excavation report in Joyang-dong within this year no matter what."    The Gyeongju Museum conducted four excavations until 1982 following the excavation of several earthenware during the construction of an individual's house in June 79 and found that various artifacts were generally consistent with the Silla Founding Regiment (BC57), recorded by the Three Kingdoms.    Among the relics, there are unique tombs mixed with earthen and wooden tombs, while onggwan tombs and wooden tombs were also identified, and a large amount of iron, including horse gravel, and copper mirrors, which were apparently built during the new era of Wangmang, were excavated.    Among them, Mokgwakmyo and Mokgwanmyo attracted extraordinary attention in that they became the origin of a large Jeokseokmokgwakbun (stone mound tomb) that was seen as suddenly appearing in Gyeongju one day around the 4th and 5th centuries AD.    The actual founding of Silla was viewed in the middle and second half of the 4th century with the emergence of a large red stone wooden coffin, as the majority of ancient Korean scholars and archaeologists were eager to exterminate the Three Kingdoms.    However, from the ruins of Joyang-dong, a large number of colorful relics, including the copper mirror of Jeonhan, which clearly informs the construction date of the ruins, proved that the culture of Gyeongju had already entered the high civilization stage around the 1st century BC.    Therefore, this relic is evaluated as the Silla version of Pungnaptoseong in that it is a decisive evidence to shed light on the early Silla history, which was abolished by Japanese colonists and ancient historical circles in Korea after Lee Byeong-do.    However, even though it is such an important relic, the Joyang-dong excavation report has not been released for nearly 20 years since the excavation was completed.   Above all, this stems from the fact that Han Byung-sam, former director of the National Museum of Korea, and Choi Jong-kyu, current director of the Gyeongnam High School Research Institute, who led the excavation at the time, left their current positions while preparing for the excavation report.    Since then, Ji Gun-gil, who took office as the director of the National Museum of Korea, has tried to publish a report on the organization and excavation of relics when he was the director of the Gyeongju Museum, but the report has been delayed so far.    Accordingly, Director Ji emphasized, "We will release a report as soon as possible on the excavation sites of the Central Museum or affiliated local museums without excavation reports as well as silk Joyang-dong, especially within this year."    taeshik@yonhapnews.co.kr (End) News Poll Seoul is pushing to install an "outdoor skating rink" in the square in front of City Hall in Dinner Set Seoul Plaza, which was enjoyed by Queen Photos Josephine, 20 years after the excavation of the ruins in Joyang-dong, Gyeongju. What's your opinion? Kim Tae-sik, a reporter for Silla's Important Key to Life Before the 4th Century (Seoul = Yonhap News) = Around the 4th century, a huge red stone tree and rice cake that were roughly classified as Hwangnamdaechong in the plains of Gyeongju. Where in the world was Silla before the appearance of the stone mound tomb? It has been a long-standing chunk of question. According to the History of the Three Kingdoms and the History of the Three Kingdoms, Silla was founded in 57 BC by Park Hyuk-geose in current Gyeongju. However, archaeologically, Silla before Jeokseokmokgwakbun did not show any traces. This thirst began to be resolved only in the late 1970s when the remains of Joyang-dong, Gyeongju were discovered and excavated. What was the ruins of Joyang-dong like? In November 1977, Kim Dae-hwan, a resident of this place, demolished the existing house to renovate the house, and while choosing the site of the house, 22 artifacts, including Yugaedaejanggyeongho, a long-necked jar with both a cover and a pedestal, were excavated. This fact was known to Han Byung-sam, the director of the Gyeongju National Museum at the time, and the museum began excavation. The survey, which began in 1979, expanded to as many as five large-scale excavations by 1983. 77 ruins and a large amount of relics were identified over a long period of time, starting from Bronze Age dwellings to Goryeo Dynasty ruins, but definitely, Silla finally revealed its true nature in the early 4th century. As proof of this, before the appearance of Jeokseokmokgwakbun, that is, around the 1st to 3rd centuries BC, 27 wooden coffin tombs, 12 wooden tombs, and 15 onggwan tombs were identified. Among them, even more overwhelming was the Mokgwanmyo Shrine, which the investigation team named Joyang-dong Tomb No. 38. The tomb, thought to have been built around the late 1st century B.C., excavated four pieces of Chinese imports, including Ilgwanggyeong, Somyeonggyeong, and Sayyeong. What's the big deal about the excavation of Chinese imports? However, if the tomb where such imported goods were excavated was built around the 1st century B.C., its meaning will be quite different. The exact passage that it introduced into the land of Gyeongju is unknown, but before B.C., the Gyeongju local resident group was already transporting in some way with the Chinese continent. It is true that the time of such trade coincides with the time of the founding of Silla, referred to by the Three Kingdoms Sagi and others. According to Silla's founding myth, Kim Al-ji's so-called Silla Samsung founder is all external arrivals, led by Park Hyuk-geose. For this reason, the location of this relic in the early Silla history study was almost absolute. Of course, relics from similar periods have been identified in nearby areas such as Gujeong-dong and Sarari since then, but the remains of Joyang-dong still occupy the "absolute power" in their importance. Despite the fact that it was such an important excavation, the excavation report was delayed day by day and was only recently published 20 years after the excavation was completed. The Gyeongju National Museum finally relieved its heavy burden by publishing "Joyang-dong Relics I," which contains the results of the first survey (1979), publishing photos of the second and fifth reports the following year, and only recently publishing "Gyeongju Joyang-dong Relics II," which compiled the text.

I wonder if China and North Korea, not South and North Korea, will reunify.

 I don't even want to think about it, but if Goguryeo and Balhae are completely incorporated into Chinese history, the slogan of reunification between the two Koreas may turn into an embarrassing story at that time. Why do you think so? In China, the North Korean region and Manchuria were still the former Goguryeo land. Baekje also belongs to Chinese history as a Goguryeo lineage. Therefore, South Korea can only claim the right to connect to the old Silla territory. That's the argument. No matter how much we shout national unification, Goguryeo and Balhae are Chinese history, and North Korea, a side of Chinese history, may return to its original history, or return to Chinese history, rather than reunification. The United Nations recognizes the two Koreas as separate independent states, so if North Korea's Kim Jong-il regime collapses, we have no authority to exert influence on the North Korean region, share the same language, text, and culture, and no matter how divided Joseon is... If it was Chinese territory and history in the past, the justification of reunification between China and North Korea, not the unification of the two Koreas, could be more convincing. Therefore, the distortion of Goguryeo history and Balhae history in China is usually not a serious problem. We're literally staring at the roof of a dog chasing a chicken. In the old saying, Minsik-oriented...There is a saying that the person who feeds becomes the owner. China does not spare various support to North Korea and is already economically supporting and investing in North Korea with the Korean-Chinese as a brother-in-law of the same communist region, do you think it will be transferred to South Korea, where they are enemies? That's possible, but that's possible. I would like to tell you that the simple idea that it would naturally return to us from the fact that it was divided into two in Joseon in the past and became each country is an idea that could be hit on the back of our heads. For China, Goguryeo and Balhae's incorporation into Chinese history has become a great profit, and it is truly a treasure ball that is worth investing all kinds of sincerity and money that can never be lost. We shout unification, but China can also shout unification. Goguryeo and Balhae must return to Chinese history. North Korea, a descendant of Goguryeo, returns to China. The North Korean people were a branch of the Chinese in terms of historical circumstances. Let's end the long wandering and unify again, North Korea...  The roots of the South Korean people are in Silla. They have never extended their power beyond the central and southern parts of the Korean Peninsula since history, and are poor and dirty tribes who have long lived as colonial slaves as subordinates of other countries. Why are they discussing homogeneity with the South Korean people who have lived such a servile and humiliating history? Come back. Come back to China and achieve unification.' The North Korean people are the same people as the great Chinese. China wants to shout like this now, and even now, it prepares and prepares a justification and basis for proudly shouting sovereignty over North Korea to the world, works behind the scenes, and promotes it to the world hard. At times like this, it is the historians who will stand up clearly. It would be a good thing to major in history, be smart in Chinese, and be fluent in Chinese, but... No matter how good the tool is, it should be useful.Even if you have good tools and tools, you always wipe them and what's the point of grease? It needs to be useful. Where should I use it? Country and nation... It should be used for the country and people. In a world where the world is a global village and broadcasts wars on the other side of the world in real time, there are people who say that it doesn't fit in, whether it's a nation, a narrow nationalism, or a nationalism. But those who don't have my own country, who don't have my own house, have no choice but to become vagrants as before and now, and become miserable colonists who earn money from others' feet. Above all, you have to have mine so that you can pretend to others and proudly enter the world. In that sense, the country and nation are the most fundamental and most fundamental things to hold in the deepest pocket. What's the point of knowing, interpreting, and keeping Chinese history in your head even though you're losing it to others? You do what's right for a person who puts a spear and a knife on me.Is it only the result of you bowing your head and welcoming me?  Historians have their own tools for the nation and people. Bring in the bandits and robbers who come in, whether it's a knife or a spear. In other words, please use your weapons for your country and people. Please take the lead in regaining the history of Goguryeo's Balhae before the North Korean region is taken away and even the palm-sized island country is taken away from the United States or China or Japan. Even if there was Hansagun, it was definitely not the Korean Peninsula. How do you agree with their claim that the Hansa army was on the Korean Peninsula? Empowering and accepting the fiction of Hansagun itself is disarmed... It's disarming yourself. If so, unification is done by China and North Korea, and the task of unification between South and North Korea is no longer justified.

We need to prevent distortion of Korean history of foreign games.

 Goguryeo has been described as a barbaric country in games developed overseas when distorting Korean history of overseas games should be prevented. This is what Yoon Won-ho of the Uri Party claimed during the last parliamentary audit. Amid the severe distortion of domestic history, the Video Rating Committee (Yeongdeungwi) has ruled that foreign games that are feared to distort Korean history have been suspended. Rep. Yoon Won-ho said in a parliamentary audit of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism on October 4, "We are distorting our history in various overseas games," and urged, "Please identify the distortion and take government-level measures." This time, the Yeongdeungpo Committee's suspension of ratings on games that distort domestic history is interpreted as responding to Rep. Yoon's call. In the parliamentary inspection at the time, Rep. Yoon announced a distortion case that Goguryeo is depicted as a barbaric and evil national state, an object of conquest, a symbol of the "Fantasy Triad," and China's "King Chiu Chen" came out as a good man and confronted each other. There are other examples of domestic history distortion. The Battle of the Age of the Great Sea, developed by the Japanese Elf, features a turtle ship appearing as a Japanese warship, and Toyotomi Hideyoshi conducting the command while flying in the sky on the turtle ship in Gwimuja 2. In the case of "Qingis Khan 4," it is distorted that Myeongjong, the 19th king of Goguryeo, gathered warlords and staged a coup to ascend to the throne, and depicts the rebellion of Sambyeolcho, a great dream uprising, as a civil war. At the time, Rep. Yoon said, "China took strong measures such as banning imports and confiscating game CDs in a game called 'Iron Heart' developed by Sweden's Paradox. On the other hand, Korea's first joint mobile game has changed from 'Protect Dokdo' to 'Protect Island'." There are so many cases in which games are developed by distorting domestic history that the number cannot be found other than the cases listed above. It may be regarded as a short knowledge of Korean history by overseas game developers, but the theory that China and Japan may have developed games to maliciously distort our history is becoming more convincing. This intention can be easily confirmed by looking at the game made. This is because if there is a lack of awareness of history, the Turtle Ship and others cannot come out as Japanese warships or the "King Chiu Chen" can't be described as demons. As Rep. Yoon pointed out, it is necessary for the government authorities to respond. In this situation, it is extremely good that the Yeongdeungpo Committee canceled the rating classification of games from game distributors who requested imports to bring in games that could distort the history of Korea's history. On the 18th, the committee ruled that foreign games that were feared to distort the current situation on the Korean Peninsula or Korean history, including games about U.S. and North Korean troops fighting in North Korea, were suspended. The committee ruled that "Ghosticon 2", a military action game developed by France's Ubisoft, was suspended on the grounds that the battle between U.S. and North Korean troops against the backdrop of the ruined North Korean streets could distort the situation on the Korean Peninsula and heighten the North Korean nuclear crisis. In response, distributors are reportedly protesting, saying, "Game is only a game, but I don't understand the committee's connection with the actual reality." Meanwhile, "Three Kingdoms 10" was judged to be feared to distort history and damage cultural subjectivity by appearing "fall" as a military base near the Korean Peninsula. Only from the standpoint of a company that distributes games may argue that "it is impossible to understand the rating committee that does not view games as games." However, in no case should it be allowed to distort Korean history. The committee's decision deserves to be evaluated as appropriate.

The mysteriousness of Mireuksa Pagoda's architectural technology level.

 The original shape of the pagoda, which was built at Mireuksa Temple more than 1,400 years ago, was probably like this. To the top floor, the height of the tower alone is about 20 meters, including the chalju on the upper wheel, it reaches as much as 28 meters. 28 meters... You can't guess how high it is. Compared to the apartment we live in, you can easily check its height. Only the height of the tower is the height of the 7th floor of the apartment and the height of the 9th floor of the apartment until the end of Chalju. I can feel that it is the largest stone pagoda in the East. As the tower is large, the weight of the stone used is beyond imagination. It's a jade pedestal from the fifth floor. It weighs more than two tons. Then, how did the Baekje people raise hundreds of such heavy stones to a height of 20 meters 1,400 years ago? A huge absence was found during the dismantling work on the fifth floor. How did he put such a big stone up there? It's amazing that old aristocrats put up stones like this. It uses modern construction equipment.The stone used in the stone pagoda is so large and diverse that it is not easy to do it, so what is the weight of the largest stone? Surprisingly, the stone weighed more than two tons. Where is the secret to building not only one or two but thousands of these large stones in a balanced and elaborate manner? The most common way to stack heavy stones in ancient times was to use soil. It is a method of stacking soil to the desired height, rolling stones on it, and removing soil later. Then, did the Mireuksa Temple Pagoda be built in this way? In order to find the clue, the data at the time of the excavation of the Buyeo Cultural Heritage Research Institute, which was in charge of excavation, began to be carefully reviewed. As a result, a cornerstone of a certain shape was found in the tower. It was not only in the east tower but also in the west tower. As an H-shaped cornerstone of the alphabet, a cornerstone of the same shape was found in front of the south of the East-West Tower. However, since it has no origin, no one paid attention at first. "I found an H-shape in the east pagoda, I just covered it, but I found another tower..." There is something..." All of the east and west pagodas were found on the south side of the stylobate. Professor Bae Byung-sun, an architecture expert, argues that the foundation was a kind of "craver" because he visited the Korean Traditional Culture School to find out exactly the identity of the foundation since the tower was built. Through the arrangement of the cornerstones, the specific shape of the crane used at the time was estimated. It is explained that the stone of the stone pagoda would have been raised by connecting the two poles and attaching a pulley to the top, so would there have been a pulley more than 1,400 years ago? The Daegu Museum has a valuable relic confirming that there was a pulley at that time, Yongdubodang Shrine in the Unified Silla Period found in Punggi, Gyeongsangbuk-do. The dragon has a pulley in its mouth, the most rudimentary crane shape. Yongdu was raised at the entrance of the temple and at the end of the flagpole, and the flag of the temple was raised through a pulley. Another place found a pulley used. The inside of Anak No. 3 and Anak No. 3 in Hwanghae-do Island is filled with colorful murals that give a glimpse into the beauty of Goguryeo art. However, there is a prominent painting on one side of the mural depicting Goguryeo's life. It is also a well. This well is also a device for raising water in the picture. You can see that you are using a pulley right away. Then, what shape is the crane used in Mireuksa Pagoda? Suwon Hwaseong Fortress was built during King Jeongjo's reign, and it is famous for its use of various types of cranes when constructing castles. In the orbit of Hwaseong Fortress, cranes used to build Hwaseong Fortress in Suwon are detailed with pictures. In particular, Nokro is a type of crane that uses pulleys to simply lift heavy things up and is known to have been used most often in Joseon Dynasty architecture, but surprisingly, the floor structure of Nokro almost coincides with the H-shaped cornerstone found in Mireuksa Pagoda. Professor Bae Byung-sun argues that this very form of crane was used to build Mireuksatap Pagoda. It is a crane of the Baekje period restored through the H-shaped cornerstone. However, a total of four wooden remains were found about 6 meters away from the H-shaped cornerstone. What is this phrase? This crane was a developmental type of crane that moved left and right as well as a function of lifting stones up. In other words, Baekje's crane, restored through the H-shaped cornerstone, is a form of crane that is one step ahead of the Nokg-ro of the Joseon Dynasty. Now, this is the crane used by the Baekje people. It's amazing that there was already a crane like this 1,400 years ago, similar to the current construction equipment. Mireuksatap Pagoda was a symbolic tower that contained Baekje's science and technology as a whole.

The amount of money cast during the Joseon Dynasty.

 Our perception in the country of the Joseon Dynasty, is 'a country with a self-sustaining economic economic structure' perception that only agriculture and the importance and scornfully, commerce and industries if addressing the economic structure or ganghao that there was a dull affair. Of course, the country is called 'nongja cheonhajidaebon' here cares about farmers, afternoon. All industries of agriculture based on what is true, but that business is to be so humble, did question a loudmouth. Each industry indicates active exchanges between Io about the establishment of a cash economy is one of the indicators that can be. A lot of money supply was all the equipment that exchanges since it is also evidence of active. We have spread throughout the country, Sangpyeong Tongbo for the sukjjongdae know that money is used extensively during the late Joseon period by. How much? If so, the total hwapyeryang Examined in his paper <hwapyeryang for and development of the monetary value, 1865 -- 1678>, as follows : is a professor at Korea University economics and ieonchang ssdao. " The mint coins in the coffin is 1678 - 1697 for around 4.5 million shekels, 5 million shekels for a 1798 1731, 1809 - In 1857, for more than six million pieces of presumed to have more. The total amount of money as a coin around 1,300 to 1,500 in 1860 is estimated to have located in the scope of an immense sum of money. 

If the total amount of coins is set at about 5 million nyang in the early 18th century, 9 million nyang in 1800, and 14 million nyang in 1860, it is estimated that the proportion of total coins to gross domestic product rose from about 3 percent in the early 18th century to 4 percent in 1860. By the end of the 17th century coins of the ratings for the change in velocity is because according to the changes, fluctuations in the value of a coin in severe. 1710s from just until the 1820s, the prices stable not just for one or can be characterized as a so-called 錢荒 貴 錢文. The situation of the war while constantly increasing demand for coins as prolonged as it is not increase the supply of coins and silver retail decline corresponds to him. Since 1829, temples have been supplied in large quantities, breaking away from the war situation." 

Main details. Main amount.  

Estimated mains from early 1678 to February 1680 and estimated mains from April 1678 to early 1681 to March 1689 * Estimated mains from August 1690 to September 1695 * Estimated mains from October 1695 to the end of 1697 * Estimated mains from October 1731 to 1732 Estimated mains of 200,000 nyang between October and May 1765 between 1763 and 1765 * Estimated mains of 400,000 nyang 1772 and 1775 * Estimated of 1 million nyang supplied in March 1779 * Estimated of the new mains from 1789 * Estimated of 1794,000 nyang in May.Estimated amount of temples supplied * 500,000 nyang 367,500 nyang 367,500 nyang supplied in April 1825, 733,600 nyang 784,300 nyang supplied in January 1832 * Estimated amount of temples supplied in April 1853, October 1855, 1857 nyang 1,857 nyang, etc. What should be added here is Po, which used to function as silver and currency. However, contrary to what we think, Po did not play a big role as a currency. "Choopo was convenient for small transactions, but there were many limitations in building other commodity currencies. Therefore, when looking at the literature of land and slaves in the 16th and 7th centuries, it was often traded as general cotton, rice, and cattle. Chupo was also used by local farmers, but it was particularly actively distributed in commercial areas such as Seoul. The amount of chubo was small. When the use of chupo was banned in 1651, 堉은 considered that 50,000 chupo, equivalent to the total amount of chupo in Seoul, could be purchased even if the price was paid generously with 3,000 seats of rice. If the amount of chupo nationwide is three times that of Seoul, the purchasing power is only full of rice. In addition, from the middle of the 17th century, the limitations of pursuit as currency were remarkably revealed and its function weakened. As became worse around 1650, its value plummeted, putting restrictions on market transactions. In 1652, there was a time when the army, who brought obscurity because they could not buy rice unless it was 이, appealed above Seoul. At the beginning of the casting of the Sangpyeong Notice, Chupo was not functioning properly as a currency. " Then, what about the number of markets? It is a question of the nature of the market economy, which has developed mainly in rural areas since the 17th century. Regular poetry appeared in the late 15th century and was established as a five-day market system by the end of the 17th century, and completed its external expansion with the peak of 1,060 market hours nationwide in the late 18th century. At this stage, Joseon's long-term density and interconnected distribution network were world-class following advanced regions in China. In addition, coins, a metallic currency, began to be used in the late 17th century. With the development of the market economy, merchant capital, such as peddlers connecting regular cities and passengers engaged in brokerage businesses, grew at transportation points such as ports. Thoughts grew in cities such as Seoul, dismantling and reorganizing the traditional city system." (Professor Lee Young-hoon of Sungkyunkwan University) I think it is a problem to see Joseon as a closed agricultural society without material exchanges. 3-line summary: 1. During the Joseon Dynasty, many currencies were distributed, and the total amount was estimated to have been in the range of 13 to 15 million nyang around 1860. 2. Po, contrary to what we think, did not play a big role as a currency. 3. In the late 18th century, Joseon's long-term density and interconnected distribution network were world-class following China's advanced regions.

Is Korea the world's first inventor of abdominal swelling?

 The article below is about Yong-gi, the bookkeeper of the doubles book found in Korea. The invention of double-entry bookkeeping is closely related to the development of capitalism. However, isn't it said that Korea is the slowest in the development of commerce and capitalism among the three Eastern countries so far? China has nothing to compare with, and the discovery of doubles bookkeeping in the 18th century is very meaningful at a time when the development of commerce and capitalism is evaluated later than that of Japan. It can be said that it raises the question of overturning the conventional wisdom so far and conducting new research on the Joseon Dynasty. Currently, there are three opinions on the invention of abdominal swelling in Korea. One is that with extreme opinion (?), this abdominal swelling already occurred during the Goryeo Dynasty and even affected the occurrence of abdominal swelling in the West. It can be said to be an extremely radical argument. The following is not that much, but the view that it occurred naturally during the Joseon Dynasty. The last view is that it came from the West with a full-fledged Christian tradition. There was also a view from Japan that it was actually made just before the opening of the port. In the last of these three cases, it can be said that the book of abdominal books, which was identified until the early 18th century, was discovered and began to be excluded. Personally, it is a bit too much to say that it was already invented during the Goryeo Dynasty... (I think it is hard to believe until it comes out in person)... I think it was made in the early and mid-Joseon Dynasty. Because in the case of Yongha-gi, it is said that the first 70 years of records were lost, and if this is true, the date will be retroactive until the 17th century. However, even if Yonggi is a record from the early 18th century, it is a book of step-by-step meetings in rural communities that are not related to the development of commerce. The abdominal bookkeeping was used at this meeting, which shows the possibility that the subjects of this record did not eventually invent this bookkeeping technique based on their needs. In other words, scholars say that the bookkeeping technique developed for something else (precisely for commercial purposes) may have been diverted to the records of the local community's meetings.   However, the author, who confirmed that the application was the best existing data as an accounting book for doubles books, investigated other data from similar dates and revealed more surprising facts. All of the preservation materials, such as "Jeonyeogi" of Yongsanseowon Confucian Academy owned by Gyeongju Choi Clan, the accounting records of Oksanseowon Confucian Academy in Gyeongju, the accounting records of Yukju Vision, which sold silk in Seoul, and the "Four Books" of Kaesong merchants, were written as doubles books. Double-entry bookkeeping was such a popular technology in the Joseon Dynasty. "The Western view that brought a sense of superiority as if doubles were their own invention and tradition is nothing more than a local sentiment stemming from ignorance and lack of information about other cultures..." says Dr. Jeon Seong-ho, who discovered Yong-hae. Double-entry bookkeeping technology was not first created in a profit-seeking group, but its origin was likely to be a little more retrospective, and the technique seemed to have been dedicated to and used even in a profit-seeking group. When do you think this technique was invented? As some argue, the Goryeo Dynasty? Early Joseon? Mid Joseon? What is clear is that at that time, both China and Japan and East Asian countries were using fasting bookkeeping.   Even if it is not the first in the world, it seems to be the first among the three East Asian countries. ============================================= The Daedonggye Accounting Book of Nampyeong Moon Clan in 262 years of sunlight in Korea's old double-dressing book "記'''"… National treasure-level historical data on economic history after the mid-Joseon Dynasty. 22 years ahead of the Kaesong Museum's Sagaejangbu. Written by Kim Kook-jin, a reporter for the Monthly Central Planning Committee (bitkuni@joins.com), Kwon Tae-kyun, the oldest doubles bookkeeper in the Monthly Central Journalist Bureau, was found among ancient documents of Daedonggye in Yeongam, Jeollanam-do, drawing extraordinary attention from academia. Dr. Jeon Seong-ho (41, Economic History), a senior researcher at the Korea Institute of Mental Culture, analyzed the contents of the accounting book, Jangam-ri, Yeongam-eup, Yeongam-gun, Jeollanam-do, and carefully reviewed related data, confirming that Yonggi is the best doubles book found in Korea so far. Yonggi is part of an ancient document that has been kept and managed by the Nampyeong Moon clan, who founded and led Daedonggye in Jangam-ri.

Dr. Jeon confirmed the true value of the historical value of the document, which was collected in 1992 by the Korea Institute for Mental Culture, along with other data, after seven years of research, full-scale research by academia, including re-evaluation, is expected to begin. Dr. Jeon said Yong-gi meets the requirements of double-entry bookkeeping set by Western academia, and it is a rare data that accurately and faithfully records 100,000 economic activities that demonstrate Korea's economic situation and economic fluctuations from the mid-Joseon Dynasty to modern times. Dr. Lee, especially, stressed the exploration “The controversy in academic circles by the data has been ‘The social identity theory’ ‘of capitalism’ ‘modernization through colonization’, such as the foundation can be corrected in to.” high significance. According to Dr. Lee's survey were found in Korea so far the oldest museum Gaeseong, North Korea is double entry and data of Songdo merchant ‘a dovetail tenon’, 22 years of records from 1820 to 1798. Yonggi is a long-term complete record of 262 years from 1741, 57 years earlier than this, and the founding date of Daedonggye in the village is 1668, so if even part of the initial data lost during the entire 335 years is confirmed, the date and period are likely to be advanced. I have been similar in the country keep double-entry books, Yongsan data in the race and Seowon ‘I'm here’ (傳與記) of previous data had not been found yet to excavated, but it grows too many. The books of the Sagaechi Department of the Kaesong Museum in North Korea, which were recognized as the best in Korea, were investigated and collected by the Japanese Government-General of Korea in 1924 and included in the book "Commercial of Joseon" after liberation, but North Korea's social scientist Hong Hee-yu reintroduced it in 1962. As for the origin of the doubles bookkeeping, Western academia sees the origins of Summa de Arithmetica, Geometria Promotioni et propositionalita, written in 1494 by Luca Pacioli of Italy, but the data to prove this Italian origin are only fragmentary and do not remain in full accounting books. In the West, there is no clear presentation of the first existence of accounting books such as the head of the total accounting ledger, so if domestic accounting books are systematically discovered, collected, and analyzed in the future, Korea may become the best data holder. In Korea, 1916, hyeonbyeongju a social scientist, is a book called ‘Songdo as with embroidery, practical method’ and (玄丙周) “The vendors Venetian merchants more than 200 years ahead in the West, came up with double entry.” raised the subject to the ‘double-entry bookkeeping Korean balmyeongseol’ but failing to present the supporting evidence. Dr. Jeon Seong-ho said, "After a thorough review of related data in Korea, such as Yongsan Seowon's Jeongeogi, Oksan Seowon's accounting records in Gyeongju, and Yukju Vision's accounting records in Seoul, it was belatedly confirmed that it was the oldest data in Korea." Japan did not know doubles bookkeeping until the introduction of Western-style doubles book after the Meiji Restoration, and China also found and released books before the 18th century. Dr. Lee, Oxford, England and James Lewis, professor of South Korea and joint study to a communique issued afterwards (nuffield) College Professor Lewis's presentation at the seminar on the existence of Oxford University's announcement in November 2001, the world known in academic circles. Professor of my stay in the Korean spirit Culture Institute, for six months now, Louis, participants at the time zone or a gap in the sector accounting from East Asia, a complete data said he expressed great interest and surprise. At the seminar at the time, participants evaluated it as a "similar double bookkeeping accounting book" because it lacked the concept of seeking profits to use, but Dr. Jeon pointed out that this was an error from Western scholars who did not understand the traditions of Korean society, including Daedonggye. He is double entry accounting techniques used for commercial purposes and personality merchants such as commercial records of the given a communique issued afterwards developed independently in Korea to keep double-entry books, of feed, it is justified as to the Nation. Meanwhile, Dr. Jeon made a big splash by publishing a paper titled "The Study of Migasa in the Late Joseon Dynasty," which analyzed the usage records at the International Economic History Association's general meeting in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in July last year. Experts, including Peter Lindert, a professor of economic history at the University of California (UC Davis), admitted that it was great data to compensate for the incomplete situation that had been studied only with Western-centered price data. Professor Lindert and others recommended Dr. Jeon's participation in the Global Price & Income (GPI) project they promoted, and decided to announce the first results in Amsterdam in 2004. Dr. Jeon expected full-scale research from academia related to various fields, saying that his research is only an analysis of a small part of the vast amount of application data.

National history should be compulsory education.

 Politicians usually say, "I will leave it to the judgment of history" when they are in an awkward position, but I don't know if those politicians know the meaning of "history" properly and say such things. Currently, there is only one "middle school" that requires national history education in domestic schools. In addition, in "elementary school," Korean history is included in social textbooks for only 5th to 6th graders, and in high school, Korean history is an optional subject between Korean history and modern history. Guksa Temple is an identity that visually reveals the soul of our people. Therefore, it is the subject that should be treated as the most important subject than any other subject. However, somehow, the proportion of national history in institutional education has gradually decreased. As a result, half a century has passed since the liberation of August 15, but mental independence has not yet been achieved. In addition, the Chinese government recently launched a card called the Northeast Fair Project to incorporate Goguryeo history and Balhae history, the ancient history of the Korean people. Following the colonial and semiconductor views created during the Japanese colonial period, China has now explicitly expressed its ambition to intercept our history. In short, it was the education officials who caused this disaster. If education officials had previously liquidated the Japanese colonial and semiconductor history and prepared for China's Northeast Fair Project, such a bleak thing would not have happened. Politicians cannot escape responsibility for this. This is because the national history subject has been reduced to this point due to the consistent neglect of politicians who are supposed to monitor the affairs of the administration as the people's empty stomach. Since such politicians are saying, "I will leave it to the judge of history," there is no comedy in the world that is more than this. It is a historical ritual that any Korean people should be aware of. History is by no means an object of modifier for politicians. History should be the most sacred than any other field. This is because it is a vivid trace of the past that our ancestors walked through, who made me who I am today. Although it may be late, the political community should prepare an institutional mechanism for our national history to be implemented as compulsory education in elementary and high schools, as in middle schools. Therefore, students should feel the pride of the Korean people through actual national history education, not just through words. Only then can we expect affection and patriotism from them. If the political and educational circles continue to insist on today's national history education, which is treated as a liberal arts subject, they will be truly judged by "severe history" in the near future.