A tree called democracy feeds on blood.

 There are numerous famous speeches in world history that shook people's hearts and changed history. There have been many famous speeches in our history. One of them was Pastor Moon Ik-hwan's speech at the funeral of Lee Han-yeol on July 9, 1987.

There were no beautiful sentences or expressions that touched people's hearts in the speech. However, as soon as Pastor Moon Ik-hwan gave a speech, people began to cry and sobbed for a long time even after finishing. The speech was the name of 26 people. From the mid-1970s to 1987, Pastor Moon Ik-hwan called the "Yeolsa" who hit the black rock with their bare bodies during the Yushin period and the barbaric era of the Fifth Republic. Those who failed to join the scene of the huge history of the June Uprising but died dreaming of that moment, who finally contributed the most to the victory of the people and the crumbles of the shabby dictatorship.

The first person to be called was Jeon Tae-il, a worker. I've explained about him several times, so let's move on to the next person today. The second person to be called was Kim Sang-jin.

1975 was a very dark year. On April 9 of that year, eight people involved in the so-called People's Revolutionary Party (Inhyuk Party) incident disappeared due to the dew of the gallows. It was on April 8th, a day before the Supreme Court's final ruling was made to them. In other words, less than 24 hours after the death sentence fell, the regime killed them. On the same day when people involved in the Inhyuk Party heard the terrible ruling of the death penalty, President Park Chung-hee committed ridiculous things that specified a university and made "emergency measures." He declared, "We prohibit rallies and demonstrations in Korea University, and the Minister of National Defense can mobilize troops to maintain the order of this school when deemed necessary." In other words, the president fought against a university.

It is said that the yellow dust was unusually severe that spring. The Yushin regime's life covered the entire university district and Korea like yellow dust, poking people's eyes and blocking their throats. However, it is a proud tradition in our modern history that there have been people who have said what to say in front of any cruel tyranny and bitter power. Three days after the announcement of the emergency measures, and two days after Inhyuk Party officials were killed during their departure, a great distance to the toxic and childish dictatorship erupted at Seoul National University's agricultural school. The main character was Kim Sang-jin, a freshman at Seoul National University.

Although he was active in the student council, he was a returning student who had already served in the military. It means that whether you got a job in a good place with a signboard from Seoul National University or went to graduate school to study, you were a promising young man whose future could not be so dark. In fact, it is said that Kim Sang-jin was thinking about his career as a graduation class. However, I think the mind changed when the world turned rough and the juniors shrank as if they were exhausted. "After returning to school, the organization is a mess. It should be corrected (Shin Dong-ho, Toyosae Publishing Co., Ltd.) of "Campus in the 1970s".”

"It's not a big deal to go to jail when a person is dead".

Kim Sang-jin, who took care of himself as chairman of the Livestock Department Countermeasures Committee, will prepare for the third rally of Seoul National Agricultural University on April 11. But it was kind of weird. He wrote a declaration of conscience and sent it to each broadcasting station, but he gave a strange tip to reporters. "Something will happen on April 11 at Seoul National Agricultural University." And finally on April 11, Kim Sang-jin began reading the declaration of conscience prepared standing tall in front of his seniors and juniors and friends in a bloody voice.

"(Strategy) The university is becoming a slave to Huigang, the professors are becoming spokesmen for the government, and we are only crying without reaction, just like a chick who has lost its mother chicken. If our argument is never wrong, and our argument is never unconscionable, how will we continue our disgraceful lives by trampling our pride anymore? Comrades representing us are moaning on the cold cement floor, and the innocent people are disappearing into the dew of the prison. It is said that a tree called democracy feeds on blood."

Kim Sang-jin's voice that democracy grows on blood must have been trembling. It was because it was the same word as a notice of what he had to do in the near future. My friends must have looked at Kim Sang-jin because they felt something strange. "If this is the way to realize eternal social justice, there is no waste of giving up this humble life." After that, Kim Sang-jin took his eyes off the manuscript and began to speak in a dripping voice while looking at people. "Don't be swayed by my future actions and regain complete reason..." What we have to do in name and reality...." The eyes of the friends who were watching Kim Sang-jin grew bigger and screamed. 

Kim Sang-jin took out the knife from his arms. It was a fruit knife on the day I went out to buy ice cream with my junior, saying, "Buy me ice cream." "What are you doing!" My friends next to me rolled over Kim Sang-jin, but he was already putting a knife in his lower abdomen and drawing it up. It is said that Kim Sang-jin asked his friends who took him to the hospital to "sing a patriotic song." The East Sea and Baekdusan Mountain somehow came out, but the tears never dried up and the heart was worn out. 

Listening to the national anthem of half wailing and half singing, Kim Sang-jin lost consciousness by capturing the last sky of his life in his eyes. When Kim Sang-jin ended his short life at 25, the Park Chung-hee administration did not even allow normal funerals. Less than a day after his death, he was forced to move the body to the crematorium and put on makeup.

April of that year was really cruel. The Inhyuk Party incident and Kim Sang-jin incident froze the whole country, and South Vietnam, where South Korean troops were dispatched as "free allies" on April 30, collapsed by the attack of North Vietnam. Amid fears that "Next is our turn," the Yushin regime suffocated the whole country on May 13, when it issued Emergency Measure No. 9, a compilation of emergency measures. The Yushin Constitution was a vicious measure that could lead to the highest "death penalty" just by "slandering." They probably heard a toast at the Blue House. "Your Majesty, it will be quiet now."

On May 22, only the ninth day after Emergency Measure No. 9 began to dance the young sword dance, a massive demonstration broke out at Seoul National University. This demonstration, called the "Odudul Demonstration," will not be a choice anymore, but it was a fierce straight line on the chin of the Park Chung-hee administration, which was stretching its chest. "Justice never died." It is said that there was a small debate among students while preparing for this protest. "We need to be careful at a time when murderous emergency measures have been taken," and "Kim Sang-jin died like that." "Is it a big deal to go to prison when a person is dead?" 

Naturally, the latter won, and Kim Sang-jin's name is called in history for the first time amid the Oduldul protest. "Oh, oh, you'll hear the crack of the bare ground/ You'll come with a drop of innocent blood/ With a sad story behind you/ Then with your naked body (Seoul National University English and 4th grader Kim Jung-hwan's examination)." Kim Sang-jin probably ran together, reading the end of the declaration of conscience he couldn't read.

"Watch your progress in a satisfactory smile. The day the great victory arrives, me! I will send silent applause to the whole world."

The historical background of the Later Three Kingdoms and the Early Goryeo Period.

 The country was confused by the struggle for the throne of the nobles at the end of Silla.

At this time, Gyeon Hwon, a local family, established Hubaekje, and Gungye established Hugoguryo to open the era of the Later Three Kingdoms.

Wang Geon was Gung Ye's father, and when Gung Ye claimed to be Maitreya and continued his tyranny, his men honored Wang Geon as king. (918)

When Gyeon Hwon attacked Silla, Silla asked for help from Goryeo Wang Geon, and Wang Geon lost the battle against Hubaekje, but the Silla people became fond of him.

Later, Gyeon Hwon suffered the humiliation of losing to Goryeo in the Battle of Gochang (Andong) and being trapped by his son, and eventually surrendered to Wang Geon. King Gyeongsun of Silla also decides to be voluntarily absorbed into Goryeo.

In this way, Taejo Wang Geon unified the Later Three Kingdoms. (936)

In the early days of the founding, the power of the family was strong, so the integrated and check policies related to the family were implemented at the same time.

Representative integrated policies included marriage policy, private equity policy, and reverse division.

As a marriage policy, the family was firmly tied up by getting married to the daughters of influential families across the country.

As a result, Wang Geon has 29 wives, and 25 of his children alone have sons.

In addition, he implemented a private education policy to give the surname of Wang, and distributed a reversal battle to his officials who made contributions during the founding process.

As a check policy for the family clan, there were a system of self-interest and a system of reasons.

The self-interest system appoints local forces as self-interests and makes them responsible if anything happens in the area. King Gyeongsun, the last king of Silla, was also appointed as a private officer of Gyeongju.

The flagrant system is the hostage system, which mimics the waterworks system of unified Silla.

If the waterworks system took him as a hostage, the target of the system was his son.

Since then, Taejo (Wang Geon) has set up a policy of advancing north to restore Goguryeo's land, a tax cut for stabilizing people's livelihoods, and a Heukchang installation that lends grain to relieve the poor.

Hyejong and Jeongjong, who succeeded Taejo, die shortly after they ascended to the throne.

In this confusion, King Gwangjong ascends to the throne as the fourth king of Goryeo.

King Gwangjong, well-known to us for his royal authority reinforcement policy, has not implemented the royal authority reinforcement policy for seven years, but has only read political books "Junggwanjeongyo".

Accordingly, the Hojok were not wary of Gwangjong, and by the time the national treasury ran out, Gwangjong carefully suggests the Nobian test method to the Hojok.

The Hojok, who thought King Gwangjong was easy for seven years, accepted this system.

The Novian Inspection Act, which is a policy to return unjustly slaves to civilians, was able to strengthen the national treasury by increasing the number of civilians who pay taxes, and in case of emergency, reduces slaves that can be converted into military power, weakening friendly forces.

Accept the suggestions of the pair, implement the past system, and enact an empty stomach one after another.

These two policies are for the king to choose his own management according to his skills and to dress him in different colors to sort out the order.

This was to appoint talented people who would be loyal to the king.

Accordingly, the Hojok revolts, and at this time, King Gwangjong performs a ruthless purge with the justification of Yeokmo.

After the purge of blood, King Gwangjong, who established the royal authority, calls himself Emperor and announces the era name of Junpung.

Since then, Gyeongjong has been crowned the 5th king, and for the first time, the exhibition department system will be implemented, a system that provides batteries and poetry according to the direct translation.(Correction exhibition major)

Based on this strengthened royal authority, Goryeo enters a stable period.

Gyeongjong, the son of King Gwangjong, dies shortly after, and his cousin, Sungjong, ascends the throne.

Immediately after King Seongjong ascended to the throne, he began to build a Confucian society and installed Confucianism as a political ideology, and based on this, he put a lot of effort into maintaining the system.

Five or more central officials were asked to file an appeal to discuss the correction of Goryeo, and at this time, Choi Seung-ro raised Article 28 of Simu, which wrote his thoughts on the current task of Goryeo.

Sungjong adopts Article 28 of Choi Seung-ro's municipal affairs to overhaul the national system.

The Hojok forces are transformed into local communities, incorporated into the central political system, and in charge of local administrative affairs.

Unlike Hyang-ri in the Joseon Dynasty, in the case of upper-class Hyang-ri of Goryeo, it was an influential figure in the region that dominated local administration and led the military.

Looking at the military system, the central military consisted of the 6th place in the 2nd division.

The second division is the king's friendly unit, and the sixth place was in charge of guarding the capital and defending the border, and as a professional soldier, he was assigned a military war.

Local forces are divided into troops that protect poultry and troops that protect 5 degrees.

Juhyeon-gun was stationed in 5 degrees, and Jujin-gun was stationed in Yanggye.

Joohyeon-gun and Joojin-gun did not enter the military and were not paid military service.

In this way, the central and local systems were organized during the reign of King Seongjong, and Goryeo entered a stable period, and the six-dupum and family members who formed the ruling class in the early Goryeo Dynasty became privileged groups, losing the dynamics of the early Goryeo Dynasty and gradually revealed contradictions.

Historical background of the Musin Coup of Goryeo

 The Hojok and the Six Pumms, who were dissatisfied with Silla society and led the reform, founded Goryeo and formed a new privileged class over time, and they are called Moonbeol.

In the case of the literary forces, the management of the fifth class or higher was managed without taking the test through the Eumseo Festival, and enjoyed the economic privilege of passing it on to descendants through the Gongumjeon.

The civil and punishment forces prevented the distribution of power by becoming an outsider to the royal family or by engaging in marriage with other civil and punishment families.

Even relatives have in-laws or in-laws.

As power continues to be concentrated, many problems and contradictions accumulate, and the first incident in which the Goryeo society centered on civilization began to falter is Lee Ja-gyeom's rebellion.

Lee Ja-gyeom was the maternal grandfather and father-in-law of race.

Lee Ja-gyeom's daughter married Ye-jong (the father of race), and another daughter married race, and race married her aunt.

In this way, it was Lee Ja-gyeom's rebellion that Lee Ja-gyeom monopolized power by having an overlapping marriage relationship with the royal family and caused a rebellion to become a king himself.

As the monopoly and corruption of the civil and punishment forces continue one by one, military warfare is not properly paid to the military god and contempt occurs.

Among the martial arts, there was a man named Jung Joong-bu, who was respected, and Kim Boo-sik's son Kim Don-joong humiliates Jung-bu's beard by igniting it, saying it does not burn.

And the tattoo called Halloe applies for martial arts confrontation to an elderly martial arts god named Lee So-eung, and after winning Daeryeon, he mocks and slaps the elderly martial arts god Lee So-eung.

In the end, Musin cannot stand discrimination, humiliation, and economic poverty and removes tattoos, which is the beginning of dividing the Goryeo Dynasty into the early and late Goryeo periods (1170).

Since then, the Musin regime has begun, and after successful political affairs, the center of the Musin regime has changed several times as the Musin regime has fiercely competed for power.

The Musin regime also establishes military organizations called Sambyeolcho and Dobang.

Dobang was a private group to protect their personalities, and Sambyeolcho is an army organized by Choi Woo by combining Sinui-gun with Jwabyeolcho and Ubyeolcho to maintain security.

Dobang and Sambyeolcho are the military foundations of the Musin regime.

The military gods resisted discrimination and caused political strife, but they did not reform society and rather robbed the people.

As a result, the lives of the people become increasingly devastated and resist the atheist regime.

A representative event is Mangi and Mangsoi's Rebellion (1174) that occurred at Gongju Myeonghakso.

There are incense, Bugok, and cows as special administrative districts of Goryeo, and the people living there are two people, but they cannot move their residences and are discriminated against by paying more taxes than ordinary people. That's why the residents of the cow came up with this.

Another case is the Manjeok Rebellion (1198).

Manjeok was a Sanobi who lived in Gaegyeong, and he gathered the slaves and said this.

Many of the people who have risen to government posts since the rebellion of Musin are from heaven and earth. Is there a separate clan between the general and the prime minister?

The slaves agreed with the Manjeok's claim and planned to take power after burning all the slave documents, but the slave called Soonjeong filed a complaint against his owner, Han Chung-yu, and hundreds of slaves who participated with the Manjeok were executed.

Mongolia invades during this chaotic Musin regime.

Choi Woo moves the capital to Ganghwado Island to fight, but eventually surrenders and Gaegyeonghwando Island (1270), ending the 100 years of the Musin regime.

At the beginning of the period of interference, the Yuan Dynasty established the Ssangseong General Office, the Tamna General Office in Jeju, and the Dongnyeongbu in Seogyeong to directly govern part of the Goryeo territory.

Later, Won returned Dongnyeongbu to Goryeo in 1290, but King Gongmin restored it by force in 1356.

And Jeongdong Planet was installed in Gaegyeong, a military organization designed to conquer the east.

During the period of the interference with the Yuan dynasty, a ray of light, King Gongmin, appeared and repealed pro-Japanese forces.

King Gongmin purged pro-Japanese forces and attacked and recaptured the Ssangseong General Government with force, and the territory of Goryeo was expanded back to the north of Cheolryeong.

It restores royal titles and controls, bans the customs of the circle, and breaks down the Jeongdong Planet Imunso, a key organization for Won's internal interference.

It will also abolish the square of the personnel organization dominated by the Kwon Moon-se people.

In addition, we tried to return the land of Yangmin, which was unfairly taken by the Kwon Mun-se, by installing a sense of military service.

King Gongmin's sense of change of citizens and King Gwangjong's Nobian test method in the early Goryeo Dynasty have similar goals. It is to secure the finances of the state while strengthening the royal authority.

King Gongmin's reform was not large enough to completely overpower the pro-Won Kwon Moon-se, so Goryeo entered a path of decline without achieving great results.

If you don't want that death to be wasted,

 As you know well, New York was a port where countless immigrants took the first step in fear and excitement in the furnace of the United States. New York is the port where the heroine, who survived the movie "Titanic," finally arrives. In the movie Godfather, Italian little Vito Choleone, who lost all his family to the mafia, also enters the United States through New York. From the skyscrapers in central New York to the garbage dump in the back alleys, those sweeping the bottom of New York, a metropolitan city where the rich and poor were mixed, were naturally novice immigrants who had just crossed the U.S. People who had to be free from the Land of Freedom and throw themselves to work for opportunities in the Land of Opportunity.

March 25, 1911 was Saturday. At the Triangle Shirt Waist Factory in Manhattan, New York, women in their early teens to mid-20s, who were mainly immigrants, were enjoying their work. I finished work at 5 p.m., and I could rest on Sundays. But with about 20 minutes left before the end of the work, smoke suddenly rose from a pile of cloth on the 8th floor. Acting soon turns into a fluttering flame beyond human height. The two co-presidents of the company responded most quickly to the fire. As soon as they saw the fire, they escaped without looking back and calmly came down to the ground without any scratches.

People on the 8th floor, where the fire first broke out, managed to evacuate, and workers on the 10th floor were also notified of the fire through interphones. However, the women working on the 9th floor did not even get the fact that the fire was spreading. They belatedly learned of the fire, but soon encountered a fear beyond fire. The entrance was locked. The business owner locked the door to crack down on "bad-handed" workers.

Is there another scream scarier than the shout "No way out" when the flames come like a tiger? To make matters worse, the fire hose of the fire truck at the time could not reach more than 6 floors. New Yorkers, one of the busiest cities of the 20th century, had to stare blankly at female workers who screamed sadly out of the window and threw themselves away from the flames. The people who managed to escape also collapsed without walking properly. Because familiar faces fell next to them with a scream. Citizens just stomped their feet and watched the factory engulfed in flames. Meanwhile, two girls were spotted wondering if they were 14 years old in people's eyes. The two held hands tightly and prayed. The people below would have been able to hear the prayer even if they couldn't hear it. In less than 30 minutes, 146 people died. Most of them were Polish, Italian, and Jewish immigrants. Moss-like people under a huge pyramid called New York City.

Many workers are said to have not even been identified. Since there was no DNA identification technology like this these days, how could we cover the faces of people who have been tanned? Let's hear the story of a victim's husband on "VOA" (March 30, 2000). The person who testifies is the grandson of the victimized woman. "Grandmother was one of the unidentified people buried in Greenwood Cemetery. Before heading to work, the grandfather went to the dock where the relics of the bodies of unknown identity were, and pieces of clothes and rings of each victim were placed in the shoe box there. About 10 months to a year after the accident, my grandfather finally pointed to a box and said it was his grandmother's."

Imagine how your wife, who left for work with a bright smile, went on the road of never returning and couldn't even check the relics. No matter how sad he was, he couldn't just leave the hungry children unattended, so he had to head to work every morning. However, before going to work, he somehow stopped by the dock and tried to find traces of his wife by looking through the boxes of relics with his eyes. Think of your husband's silent sobbing, squeezing memories of his wife's last day at work and matching each hairpin, button color, and piece of clothing to find traces left by his wife in the world.

A few days ago, my father was heartbroken by a photo where he could feel the feelings of an American husband a hundred years ago. It was a relic photo left by a 19-year-old young man who was hit and killed by a train while working on a subway screen door alone. Looking at various tools, scissors, gloves, magic pens, writing utensils, and chargers, my father could recall how busy and hard the young man was working. In particular, a cup noodle with chopsticks without opening it drew tears from many people. I wonder if he was going to eat cup noodles after finishing his work. Did he plan to stand in a corner of the subway station, cook noodles in hot water from somewhere, eat them up, and move to another site? My father's head is so dizzy that I can't even guess how his parents felt.

In front of such parents, a Seoul Metro official said that he blamed himself. By putting in a "regulation" that doesn't come up with arithmetic calculations. I really don't know how far a person can be foolish. I don't know how far I can be irresponsible. Come to think of it, two business owners who locked the door to prevent theft and killed 146 people during the triangle fire were acquitted.

One more heartbreaking thing. Tens of thousands of female workers participated in a general strike at the sewing plant in New York in 1909, two years before the disaster. As many as 13 weeks of struggle continued, and 339 out of 400 sewing factories formed unions and improved working conditions. The triangle factory was one of the companies that stubbornly refused to compromise. The company's stubbornness eventually killed 146 workers.

A 19-year-old man who died at Guui Station this time also protested in front of Metro headquarters. It is said that he was in a dream of being hired as an official employee at Seoul Metro. However, instead of officially hiring services, the company released a document stating that it would use retirees from its headquarters at its Seoul Metro subsidiary, and they held a picket in protest. A century later, a young Korean man eventually passed away miserably with triangle workers who thought they would bravely step up and fight for a better life.

Triangle factory fires have become a turning point in American history. 100,000 citizens gathered at the funeral of unhappy workers. The consensus that employers should take responsibility for workers' risks and have an appropriate working environment also spread along the crowd. Francis Perkins, a female activist who watched the triangle fire scene and the first American female minister in the future, said this. "That day was the beginning of the New Deal (led by President Franklin Roosevelt, a huge reform policy that changed American society, including relief from unemployment and guaranteeing trade union activities)."

Triangle's sad sacrifice changed history like that. What about us? Can we start "New Deal"? Can we learn a lesson from the sacrifice of a heartbreaking young man? "I will never raise the second child as a responsible child. "My son has a strong sense of responsibility, so he died while doing what he was told." Far from a new deal, we should at least stop "New Kill." Adults shouldn't live like this to make you live a happy life.

The obsession of "Queen".

 You must know Queen Mary of England after watching "Far Away, Neighboring Country" hard. You may remember it as Bloody Mary, the scary queen who sent many people to the gallows, or Mary of blood. However, Queen Mary may protest against the nickname "Bloody Mary." "Why am I the only Merry of Blood?" What about my younger sister Elizabeth and my father Henry VIII was more than me.”

Mary ascended to the throne after King Edward VI, the boy in Mark Twain's "Prince and the beggar," died in the military at an early age. The opposition to Mary, the daughter of the Spanish princess and a devout Catholic, was formidable and revolted. However, Mary suppresses the rebellion based on the support of the people. The British people sympathized with her who had an unhappy childhood before questioning Catholic or Protestant. "How pitiful are you?" I can't believe that noble woman even played the role of a maid who took care of her stepmother's daughter!" Henry VIII's Hucher Anne Bullin ordered Mary to take care of her daughter Elizabeth.

However, she denies the Anglican Church, which took root through her father Henry VIII and younger brother Edward VII, and makes unreasonable attempts to return the country to Catholicism. There was no forgiveness for those who disobeyed. Crucially, an incident that upset the British was the marriage of Prince Philippe, a Spanish prince and a former Habsburg royal family. She is 11 years younger than Prince Philippe (without meeting him!). Declare to marry him. Public opinion strongly protested, and Wyatt rebelled and stormed into London, but Queen Mary responded resolutely to suppress the rebellion and end up marrying Philippe.

Queen Mary greeted Philippe as her husband after a lot of hard work, but Philippe was indifferent to this devoted queen. It was a political marriage anyway, and I wasn't very attracted to Mary, who is about 11 years older, and when the British Parliament offered a tricky condition, "Even if Mary dies first, Philippe does not have the right to inherit the throne and should respect British law," I became more affectionate. Returning to Spain after staying in England for about a year, he rarely looks back on his wife. But the more that happens, Queen Mary becomes obsessed with Philippe.

She wanted to give birth to Philippe somehow. However, she was unable to have children, and the dissonance between her mind and body puts her in a regrettable situation of "imaginary pregnancy." The queen, who had been delighted as if walking on a cloud for a while, had a child of her loved one, had to realize her situation. Can't you guess how many times Queen Mary's obsession has ruined my mind and body?

Queen Mary promised not to go to war with Spain while pushing ahead with the marriage that the British opposed, but despite the stubborn opposition of Congress, she jumped into the war between Spain and France. It was because Queen Mary couldn't turn a blind eye to the request of the West, who made it as sweet as Candy to My Ears, even when she visited England after a long time. The French king inserted a sharp dagger into England, which entered the war. It attacked Calais, the only city occupied by Britain on French soil since the Middle Ages 100 years ago. Calais, who devoted enormous taxes to the king of England as a thriving port, fell in vain.

Mary was also shocked by the fall of Calais. She left this will as she died from a long illness. "After death, Calais and Philippe will be engraved on my heart." Mary dies lonely on a bed where no one takes care of her. A heartless word from her husband who heard this news. "I felt a certain amount of sadness about Mary's death."

If Mary was an ordinary woman in the back alley of London, her obsession would have been only personal misfortune, but the Queen's obsession led a country to the wrong way. Maybe she was a virtual prisoner of love with Philippe. She tried to wash away the wounds of her poor childhood through her love with Philippe, a powerful man, and her love became her lifelong goal. When someone tried to stop her, it burned even more, and her firearm, which touched the Londoner in a queen-like attitude even in front of the rebellion, melted away by the flames of obsession. She also violated the expectations of the people who shouted "Long live Mary" by forcing her religious beliefs to the people. To borrow Andre Morua's expression, it was "an example of confusion caused by the fusion of affection, stubbornness, and absolute power."

Endless 'war' between secularism and Islamism... Bangladesh's political chaos is deepening.

 Mirsaray Upazilla (an administrative district corresponding to Korea's "eup" in the southeastern part of Bangladesh in the early morning of the 5th). The rapid response unit (RAB), Bangladesh's "counter-terrorism-anti-corruption elite unit," raided a single-story building believed to be a hideout for Islamic extremist armed forces. According to Commander Mufti Mahmoud Khan of the RAB Media Bureau, cited by the local daily The Daily Star on the 6th, two bodies were found after an hour of gunfight and explosion. These are members of the Islamic extremist organization Jamatul Mujahidin Bangladesh (JMB).

Recently, RAB's counter-terrorism raid continues day by day across Bangladesh. Operations are not limited to JMB. On the 4th, a Bangladeshi executive of Hizbut Tahrir, a global political movement organization for Muslims, was arrested in Chandagon, Chitagong. On the 6th, a member of the religious party "Jamate Islami (JeI)" was also caught in the Gaibanda district in the northwest of Langpur. They are struggling from all sides against Islamic forces of various tendencies such as JMB, Hizbutahrir, and JeI.

Bangladesh is a society with a strong tradition of Secularism, although 90% of its population is classified as Muslim. Nevertheless, since independence from Pakistan in 1971, conflicts between secularist camps and Islamic forces have always existed in conjunction with political situations. 

For example, JeI, a representative of Islamic political forces, is a long-standing political partner of the current opposition Bangladeshi National Party (BNP). The BNP has embraced not only religious parties but also Islamic extremist forces according to political convenience. The fact that even such BNPs appear to be under the oppression of the Sheikh Hasina (Prime Minister) government is largely due to the ambiguous boundary between extremist crackdowns and political persecution. 

In fact, it is a common point at home and abroad in Bangladesh that the Hashina government, which is a secular tendency, is heading for a "dictatorship-type secularism" that does not tolerate anyone. In an interview with Al-Jazeera English Broadcasting on August 5, Bangladeshi photographer Shaidul Alam, who criticized the current government's human rights violations, including extrapolated killing, was dragged by about 20 plainclothes police at home that night. The Awami League (the ruling party) and the BNP (the opposition party) are showing extreme confrontation ahead of the upcoming December general election.

The active penetration of global jihadi forces into Bangladesh in recent years is linked to this domestic political situation. A report published in February this year by the International Crisis Group analyzed that "the war criminal trial and the Shabag movement (the secular tendency) have become a new background for Islamists and Jihadi activities." The 'war criminal trial' mentioned by the report refers to an international criminal trial that began in 2009.

This trial is a post-conflict justice mechanism designed to punish those who mercilessly slaughtered independent groups during the 1971 Bangladesh Revolutionary War. Naturally, JeI, who served as a pro-Pakistani militia, and their political partner BNP were bound to be affected. Many of those indicted are from JeI, and there are three BNP members. However, as the trial fell far short of the level of "international trials," criticism continued that the opportunity for liquidation in the past may have eventually degenerated into the use of "static removal of Hashina." For Muslims, the trial was accepted as an "attack on Muslim identity in Bangladesh," and the secularist camp clashed demanding stronger punishment.

For example, when JeI leader Abdul Kader Molah was sentenced to life imprisonment on February 5, 2013, the Islamic camp demanded the release of Molah, while the secular camp demanded the death penalty, prompting hundreds of thousands of people to protest on a large scale. It was around this time that protesters on the latter side developed into a "worldly movement." It is called the Ghana Zagaran Manchi Movement, or the Shabag Movement named after Shabag Square in Dhaka, which was a protest site. It was around this time that a series of attacks by Islamic extremist forces against atheists and secularists began. An unprecedented brutal beheading assassination continued. 

Bangladesh and the international community were shocked. Between 2013 and 2015, there were about 40 atheists, secularist advocates bloggers, LGBTQs, various minorities, and minorities who were beheaded by Islamic extremists. The assassination continued until June this year. On June 2, Shajahan Machu (57), a left-wing intellectual and operator of a publishing company called Vishaka Prakashani, died instantly in a shooting by four strange people who appeared on two motorcycles at a pharmacy in Munshiganji, a village outside Dhaka. It was the first time that guns were used to assassinate secularists.

There are two main groups of extremist organizations appearing in serial assassinations. Al-Qaida-linked organization "Ansarula al Islam" (hereinafter Ansarula) is the only one, and the other is JMB, which vowed loyalty to the Islamic State (IS). If the former is ideologically adored by Islam while targeting high-quality education such as college students, the latter is mainly filled by the Islamic religious school "Madrasa" and has a strong sectarian tendency. This difference is why Ansarula focuses on the individual assassination of the prophet Muhammad, while JMB puts various minority groups themselves on the attack list.

However, the two organizations do not show competitive or mutually hostile tendencies. The boundaries of the organization's composition are even ambiguous. On July 1, 2016, several analyses poured out over who was responsible for the terrorist attack at the "Holly Artizan Bakery Cafe," a luxury cafe in the diplomat district of the capital Dhaka. In the end, the "joint" between the two organizations was expected to be the most probable scenario. It is reasonable to actively respond to the domestic political situation where Islam seems to be "suppressed" and see extremism in Bangladesh, which is regenerated and revived under the nourishment of global jihadism prosperity, is in a "joint" relationship, at least so far. The possible connection between extremist organizations and Islamic political forces can have a greater synergy effect.

Meanwhile, on Wednesday (10th), the Dhaka court ruled highly volatile on a political terror 14 years ago. Earlier on August 21, 2004, the assembly hall of the then opposition Awami League was in chaos due to a series of grenades attacks. Hashina, who was the target of the assassination, saved her life, but 24 people were killed and hundreds were injured. Investigations that followed revealed that the attack was a "joint terrorist attack between politicians and extremists" conspired by high-ranking officials in the "BNP-JeI coalition government" at the time and carried out by Kharkatul Jihad, an Islamic extremist organization. 

The court sentenced the death penalty to 19 defendants and sentenced the other 19 to life imprisonment. The most eye-catching person was Tariq Lahman, the son of BNP President Khaleda (imprisoned for corruption) and acting on behalf of his mother. He was also sentenced to life in prison. The December general election, which is just around the corner, is likely to be held on the sole stage of the Awami League with the BNP neutralized. After the 2014 general election, when JeI was banned from running and boycotted by the BNP, the nightmare of the year, which led to the most serious violence in Bangladesh's history, is striking again.

The historical background of "Chosun Neo-Confucianism vs Silhak"

 The Neo-Confucianism of Joseon develops around this theory.

This is the source of human mind and means the essence of all things.

Ki refers to a phenomenon in which the essential person is embodied in the real world.

This argument is based on whether teeth come first or not, and Neo-Confucianism is basically a study that puts more weight on both teeth and discipline.

Yi Hwang and Yi Yi are people who have contributed greatly to the development of Korean studies to the extent that they are engraved on bills.

Yi Hwang develops the theory of Lee Eon-jeok's Neo-Confucianism and argues that Ki is only a phenomenon in which his teeth are exposed, but he cannot do anything regardless of it.

Those who emphasize this show fundamental and idealistic academic tendencies with emphasis on moral and personal completion.

When Lee Hwang was in office, the disciplinary forces were still in power, so he focused only on academic research, and here is why his studies are idealistic.

This inherits Seo Kyung-deok's studies, which is universal and unique, so they maintain a complementary relationship with each other.

Yi Yi is in office and takes the lead in various reforms.

Unlike Yi Hwang, Sarim was in power during Yi Yi's active period, so Yi Yi could be at the center of power, so he was able to speak out for reform in reality.

This background of the times lies in the different moves of the two characters.

Yi Hwang hopes that his ancestors will become a saint and creates ten paintings of the essence of studying abroad that he should know as a monarch, "Seonghaksipdo," a book that easily explains.

In Dongho Question and Answer, I present a reform plan for the governance system and the receiving system, and write Seonghakjipyo and dedicate it to my ancestors.

As the agricultural-centered self-sufficiency system collapses and the commodity currency economy develops, the status system is involved, and remnants worse than farmers appear.

The idea of equality sprouts in Joseon as Seohak and Donghak take root anew.

When Neo-Confucianism loses its ability to solve real problems, Yang Myung-hak emerges as a reflection on this.

Yang Myung-hak emphasizes the practicality of unification of geography as a branch of studying abroad developed in Myeong.

Scholars who advocate agricultural-oriented reform argue for the stability of farmers' lives and reform of the land system reform.

Academia is called the Gyeongsechi School because it argues that it should be able to give practical benefits to governing the world.

Scholars who advocated the theory of reform centered on commerce and industry are interested in improving land productivity rather than distributing land.

Learning is called the Utilization and Welfare School because it insists on enriching the lives of the people.

The Middle and Agricultural School, an agricultural-oriented reform theory, was centered on men in Gyeonggi-do, who were deprived of power to Seo-in during King Sukjong's reign.

When he was pushed out of the government and came down to his hometown, the lives of the people were so hard, and tenant farmers did not own even small land, and farming hard was being ripped off by landowners.

Middle and rural schools argue that this structure should be broken to foster self-employed farmers.

As a land reform plan, Hyung-won presents the theory of equality, profit is KEPCO, and Jeong Yak-yong presents the theory of continuity, respectively.

The Chinese and commercial schools, which insisted on commercial and industrial-oriented reforms, are led by the children of Noron forces.

They go abroad to study in Cheong, witness Cheong, which has achieved economic development by accepting Western culture, and realize that the development of commerce and industry is the way for the country to become richer.

The Middle and Commercial Schools also talk about land reform, but they are more interested in improving the productivity of land.

Representative figures of the Jungsang School include Yoo Soo-won, Hong Dae-yong, Park Ji-won, and Park Je-ga.

Park Je-ga, a native of Seoul, becomes a Gyujanggak coroner and emphasizes that we should learn from Cheong's culture in Bukhak.

They argue for consumption theory that emphasizes consumption rather than saving by comparing wealth to a well.

However, these theories of reform by scholars were not the arguments of the ruling class at the time and are not reflected in reality.

In the late Joseon Dynasty, the ruling class was busy protecting their own interests, failing to face the contradiction of reality, turning a blind eye to the movement of change, and listening to demands for reform.