King Gwanggaeto vs Alexander.

 First of all, So Hae-hae knows very well that there is a difference in the military capabilities and achievements of King Gwanggaeto and Alexander.However, the height of military achievements does not necessarily guarantee victory in the confrontation. The three requirements for victory in a war roughly judged by Sohae are approximately 1. the firm will and strategy of the supreme commander... 2. The will and weapons of the soldiers participating in the battle... 3. The existence of a hinterland where goods and personnel entering the war can be produced and placed where necessary, and the ability of the political competency to carry out the war... About this much.However, if we put it this way, even if we argue all night, we can't reach a conclusion, so we'll put it on the same condition and compare it. First of all, let's assume that Goguryeo and Macedonian forces, led by commanders with the same number of troops and the same capabilities, are engaged in a showdown except for strategic factors such as surprise or detour. The answer will come out soon.If the Macedonian army is lucky to be defeated or annihilated, it will be able to retreat while maintaining its organization. First, mid- to long-term disease...The Macedonian Heterotai were cavalry without a back, and they didn't put armor on the horse.Perhaps the first head-on collision with Goguryeo's iron, which is completely defended with gloves on a window over 5 meters long, will result in a huge loss of power. Next mid- to long-term disease...Macedonia's mid- to long-term soldier, called Pecetairo, was a heavy and long-term infantry armed with a spear called Sarisa, which is up to six meters long, and was a skillful soldier in fierce batting battles.Unfortunately, there were some flaws.First of all, he was weak in the attack from the side due to his weak mobility, and he did not have a proper launch weapon. On the other hand, Goguryeo troops had a powerful launch weapon called Macgung, so even if they did not collide head-on, they would be able to send the Peccetairoes to the underworld. In fact, even during the Peloponnesian War, Spartan heavy-duty infantry were defeated by the fighting attack thrown by Athens' chief infantry.I'll put down the nonsense that it can't be. I am well aware of Alexander's military capabilities and achievements. However, just because King Gwanggaeto's military achievements are lagging behind, Goguryeo, which appeared hundreds of years later, is not considered to be the food of the Macedonian army. The hammer and anvil or central breakthrough method that Alexander was able to win were commonly used or used higher-order tactics in East Asia as well as Goguryeo at that time. However, thanks to thousands of years of repeated shoveling to find the victory or defeat of the battle in the morality or personality of the commander without leaving a detailed record like the West, I think it would be better to study more when you have time. And clearly, from a world historical point of view, it is clear that Alexander had more influence on later generations than King Gwanggaetto, and Alexander himself can put himself in the ranks of great strategists. However, I think it would be criticized in itself to reveal a clear ignorance and understanding of King Gwanggaeto while attracting King Gwanggaeto, who does not need comparison itself to praise Alexander. It goes without saying that Alexander is a great person, and I know him well even if he doesn't say anything bad, so if you don't want to be humiliated anymore, why don't you stop here?

Tactics of the Joseon Dynasty... (In theory...)

 Regardless of its application to practice, it is only theoretically written. From the early Joseon Dynasty to before the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592. The main enemy countries of Joseon during this period were, of course, the northern horseback riding peoples and the Japanese. Among them, especially the northern aftershocks are the targets of meat pancakes. Naturally, Joseon's main tactics were also organized in a suitable way to counter it. There may be some people who consider it a little external, but the composition of the troops in the early Joseon Dynasty consists of almost 50:50. During the 15th year of King Sejong's reign, the total number of troops in the Joseon army was 15, 000, of which 5,000 were infantry and 10,000 were cavalry. To this extent, the tactics of the early Joseon Dynasty depend on cavalry. Of course, the reason was to fight against aftershocks because almost all of them were cavalry. Even if it was a cavalry, it is estimated that it was not a mid- to long-term soldier of Goguryeo, but only soldiers were soldiers wearing armor, such as Gyeonggi soldiers and mid-term soldiers. It is a common assumption that the cavalry first broke down the enemy's ranks with the bow and spear as the main players, and then used tactics in which infantry and cavalry entered. 2. After the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, Joseon, which was scolded by Japan for its close combat, focuses on supplying tactical systems in preparation for the close combat. Among them, the military system will be fundamentally improved by introducing the Zhejiang Military Act invented by China's Chuck Gye-gwang, and a well-known triad system consisting of catchers, shooters, and shooters will be introduced. The method of engagement in the Samsu Army system is a system in which catchers shoot guns if the enemy is far away and shoot arrows during the rifle's reload to block enemy access, and when the enemy reaches a close distance, the catcher and investigation are covered. Since then, improvements have been made steadily, but the basic organization of infantry is the triplet system. After the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, when the northern Yeojin people emerged as the main enemy, there was a limit to the Zhejiang Military Law based on close combat, so Cheok Gye-gwang introduced a "Military Practice" against Yeojin and developed it into a Joseon-style tactic called "Military Jinam." To briefly explain the battle method... It is a method in which infantry with various short weapons cooperate to stop the attack of enemy soldiers around the tank after firing one after another in the order of -> Hwajeon, cannon (bullet, hojunpo) -> Gungsi. Many problems have been discovered through the battle of deep load and the Manchu War, and since then, preparations for near combat and supplementation of problems during reload time after firing of guns have become major issues, and many improvements and research have been conducted.

Alexander the Great vs Gwanggaeto the Great.

 They enjoy a childish debate about who will win if they compete over the same path, such as the superiority and inferiority of Alexander and Gwanggaeto's talent. I'm not saying it's bad. It's okay to say that the purpose of studying history as an amateur is one ongoji god. It is good as a hobby if you have a fun life while applying what you learn and realize through this virtual simulation. However, from the perspective of this question itself, I don't think there is a need to insert examples by revealing various opinions or phrases. What's the topography, what it is...Weapons or cavalry...So~ King Gwanggaeto is more advantageous. Why? Our Korean people have good grit.It is a very illogical conclusion. But I think it's really funny. This is because, except for Koreans, it is a question that is not worth asking regardless of the world's expertise or vision. For example, let's say that a chief of the African Zulu conquered a land about Manchuria and heard the sound of a great king. But let's say that the Zulu people now compare this king with Alexander who is greater. Isn't it so funny? We're going to do Gwanggaeto Gwanggaeto Gwanggaeto Gwanggaeto. Honestly, did Gwanggaeto do anything? Have you conquered a proper civilized state?How many provinces did they occupy by invading the empire of China?Did it affect the history of human civilization or the flow of history?Did you leave a proper historical legacy?  It is just expanding the occupied area by targeting the land of nomadic peoples in Manchuria. Why is King Gwanggaeto being revered? This is because King Gwanggaeto is the only one in our 5,000-year history that shows a feat that can be felt by the aggresive pride. And Park Wi's Tsushima conquest? Developing Yukjin? That's funny. Some people say that the Japanese feel inferior to us. It is us who live in a sense of inferiority. There is no reason for Japan to feel inferior to us as much as ants. Compare King Gwanggaeto, the almost only conquest king, and the Japanese Empire in World War II. Aside from the size of the territory, it is not a matter of discussion in terms of its influence on world history. Japan conquered Joseon and Manchuria, occupied China, and dominated East Asia. And he played against the world's strongest country. In front of this reality, Japan has an unrealistic delusion that Japan has an inferiority complex to us, so the nonsense of Gwanggaeto beating Alexander is derived. Then if we go back to Alexander vs. Gwanggaetoyag. Once again, the comparison itself is really nonsense. Alexander is a genius of war and strategy, almost the first in human history. In short, it can be said that Alexander laid the foundation for a strategy that continues to modern times. In the West, war geniuses are often linked from Alexander to Piroz, Hannibal to Scipio, Caesar to Napoleon, and even Hitler, although awkward. In the East, it will become Genghis Khan. To sum up in case of misunderstanding, the geniuses of war and conquest among mankind will be Alexander, Kaisar, Genghis Khan, and Napoleon. These are the people who operated the world's strongest forces at the time in human history and used the best strategies. As Einstein discovered the principle of relativity, they are geniuses who dominated the world with breakthrough strategies and tactics.  But isn't it funny to get King Gwanggaeto right here? Alexander conquered three of the world's four major civilizations at that time. China was like conquering the world from the standpoint of non-exclusive high school and Alexander due to circumstances. That's also a young man who is only 30 years old. At that time, China was in the Warring States period, and it is obvious that if it was the neighborhood next to Persian, it would have been conquered by Alexander. Alexander's military power, strategy, and talent at that time were far beyond that of the Qin Dynasty at the end of the second century BC. The nationwide unification of the Qin Dynasty has expanded the infrastructure of politics, law, and economy by employing foreigners such as Sangang, White Flag, Zhang, Bumsoo, and Director over several generations, but it should be noted that Qin Shi Huang did not unify the country because it was smart or excellent in strategy. Still, since he is ignorant of the original Alexander and is from a distant country, there will be some harms that he cannot get a sense of what a genius of strategy is. Then replace Alexander with Genghis Khan. When it comes to humans similar to Alexander in human history, the first is Genghis Khan and the second is Napoleon. Imagine that the Genghis Khan army pours into the territory of King Gwanggaeto. It won't be a jab even though Hae-hits think about it. You can ignore all of this because you are a soldier or a cavalry. It just doesn't work. If you write this down, there are delusional merchants who will bubble up their mouths, saying, "Is it a colonial view or what?" However, in reality alone, there is only now a history in our history that deserves pride.

Anti-Japanese War of Independence and General Ji Cheongcheon of Baeksan Mountain. 6. Anti-Man Anti-Japanese War, a joint venture between Korea and China.(2)

 The Korean Independence Army, whose military power has been organized, has joined forces with the Chinese Volunteer Army to establish an operation plan to attack Ssangseong Fortress. Ssangseong Fortress was the key point of the Hapjang Line and a place of great strategic value as a collection of Manchuria products. Therefore, the enemy also strategically emphasized Ssangseong, and more than two troops from the Ilmanyang-gun regiment were stationed. At that time, the headquarters of Uchimjing, the commander of the Manchurian Chobi Army, was also stationed in Ssangseong. Go Bong-rim, the commander of the 7th Brigade of the Guilimjawi Army, spoke with a little concern while reviewing the operational map. "The other day, this was the place where the main unit of our Guilimjawi Army and the Middle East Railway Force fought against the enemy's invasion, but failed to defend and retreat due to unfavorable circumstances. There will be a lot of enemy troops stationed, so will our operation be successful?" General Ji Cheong-cheon was told by Ko Bong-rim in a curious voice. Regardless of success or failure, the military's operation must be carried out when it is deemed necessary. And you must prepare carefully for the success of the operation. The attack on Ssangseong is an operation that has a very important military strategy for us. Not only does it mean an attack on the enemy, but it also means blocking military supplies against enemies moving north by recapturing important military and strategic points from the rear of the enemy. Furthermore, it is possible to boost the morale of our troops by recapturing the place where the Guilim Self-Defense Force and the Middle East Railway Force failed to defend themselves. I think of this operation as a battle to avenge our defeat in the initial battle." "Well, listening to General Ji's words, I feel motivated to occupy the binary castle. However, since it is impossible to recapture Ssangseong with this unit alone, let's contact other military organizations with anti-Japanese will and build a castle under close cooperation." Ko Bong-rim accepted Ji Cheong-cheon's opinion and soon ordered the entire army to march. The Korean Independence Army, which departed from the camp site Nalimjang and marched for about 80km for two to three days, arrived in the suburbs of Ssangseong. General Ji Cheong-cheon discussed operations with Kim Chang-hwan, a deputy commander of the Korean Independence Army, and Ko Bong-rim, a commander of the Chinese Volunteer Army, and decided on the specific date and operation plan. In this process, Hong Chang-dae and Heuk Chang-dae, Chinese secret association organizations with religious ideas, have also expressed their intention to participate in the battle. General Ji Cheong-cheon, who sent his scouts to examine the appropriateness, called in Chinese volunteer military commander Gobong-rim and staff to hold a Gusuhoe. "We'd better set the attack date as August 15th. One day before the start of the operation, we will march at night, advance around the Ssangseong Fortress, surround the enemy, and conduct an all-out attack from the evening of the start of the operation." "Okay. In the event of a full-scale attack, why don't we have the 1st Army of the Jilin Self-Defense Forces take charge of the 1st Army of the Jilin Self-Defense Forces, the 2nd Army of the Jilin Self-Defense Forces and the Korean Army play together?" Prior to the battle, General Ji Cheong-cheon explained the outline and tactics of the operation to the soldiers of the Korean Independence Army and gave spiritual training. The morale of the independent army soldiers was filled. The moment of the showdown was approaching for the Korean independence army, which had been vowing to face the Japanese enemy. The battle against the enemy stationed in the original castle is much more difficult than the battle against the enemy stationed on flat land. However, the exact operation plan of Hong Chang-dae, who was ambushing enemies who were attacking and fleeing by the three gates, and the high morale of the Korean independence forces participating in the battle remained even after overcoming the difficulties of Gongseongjeon. General Ji Cheong-cheon led the unit on August 14 and formed a front 4km outside Ssangseong. And the next evening, the operation finally began. At that time, many grain-stacked Nojeokgari on the plains around Ssangseong Fortress used this as a cover, and the ROK-China Allied Forces approached the gate and launched an attack at once. "Shoot! Don't let enemies approach the gates!" The Japanese and Manchurian troops in the castle desperately resisted by firing machine guns and mortars. However, it was not enough to prevent the total offensive of the ROK-China coalition forces, which has already risen to the point where morale has risen and is approaching 30,000 troops. The Korean Independence Army, which was at the forefront of the attack, used a ladder to climb over the wall while shooting a series of rifles and long guns over the walls. Kwon Oh-jin, the sixth commander of the Korean Independence Army, who took the lead in climbing the wall and ran toward the fortress, used shooting skills close to the spirit of God to kill dozens of Japanese soldiers who were guarding the gate and throw grenades to destroy the gate. Taking this opportunity, the main unit of the Korean Independence Army led by General Ji Cheong-cheon and the main unit of the Chinese volunteer force of Go Bong-rim shouted and rushed into the castle. "I can't do this." The north gate was empty, so retreat to that side!" When the three gates were opened and the ROK-China Allied Forces invaded the castle, they could no longer endure and began to flee toward the north gate. However, they were also not safe by the ambushed Hong Chang-dae and Heukchangdae warriors. And the defenders of the rest of the castle surrendered with white flags. The ROK-China Allied Forces killed 700 Japanese and Manchurian troops in this battle and captured about 100 prisoners. The Allied Forces, which won the Gongseongjeon, organized the spoils after choreographing the citizens of the castle. As it was a strategic hub, weapons, horses, ammunition, sheath, and whole grains were abundant. Thus, the ROK-China Allied Forces supplemented enough military supplies to survive the winter. However, Ssangseong Fortress was located on flat ground, making it difficult to defend against enemy attacks with bomber planes, and it was difficult for tens of thousands of Chinese and Chinese allied forces to continue to be stationed. General Ji Cheong-cheon judged that it was strategically advantageous to temporarily move the garrison and prepare for the enemy's offensive. Thus, the Korean Independence Army moved to Ugadun, about 20km south of Ssangseong. However, some Chinese military units were distributed inside and outside the castle to prepare for enemy invasion. The Korean Independence Army devoted itself to military training in Ugadun, devising its next operational plan. In addition, military supplies such as weapons, ammunition, and food can be enriched to further strengthen troops, so personnel were dispatched to recruit recruits. Deputy Commander Kim Chang-hwan, Cho Gyeong-han, and Cha Cheol, who were appointed as conscripts, led a unit of troops, toured various counties such as Oh Sang and Ah Seong, and worked to increase recruits through lectures on current affairs. Since the Manchurian Incident, the situation in Manchuria was unstable, so the Korean Independence Army had a lot of difficulties in recruiting troops, but it was able to overcome difficulties, travel around the country, and achieve considerable results. However, after a while, a large army of the Japanese and Mann Allied Forces fought back to recapture the Ssangseongbo, and there was a rebellion inside the Chinese army, which is a defensive force, so the Ssangseongbo was again dominated by the Japanese and Mandyangguns. General Ji Cheong-cheon decided to strike Ssangseong again and held an operational meeting with Jorin, chief of staff of the 7th Brigade of the Jilin Self-Defense Forces, along with the staff of the Korean Independence Army. "We attack Ssangseong again, but it won't be as easy as the last operation. This is because the enemy forces attacked strategic points from the rear are expected to be dispatched from Heo Il-bin and Jang Chun in advance," General Ji Chung-cheon nodded and responded at the words of Ko Bong-rim, the 7th Brigade commander of the Guilimjawi Army. "That's why it will be difficult for us to win unless we prepare for a detailed operation. Look at this." The ROK-China coalition staff focused on the point where they pointed their fingers at the map spread out by Ji Cheongcheon Stream. "Oga Station is a railway station on the way from Herbin to Ssangseong, and Nanneung Station is a railway station on the way from Jangchun to Ssangseong. If a battle breaks out in Ssangseong, it is a transport hub that Japanese troops stationed in Changchun or Herbin must go through to support their own troops. We need to make the development of the operation advantageous by sending some troops here and preempting them tactically." Jicheongcheon continued to explain while looking around the staff and officers. ""Our Korean military will take charge of blocking the guard line centered on Ssangseong and near Oga Station. The Chinese military is in charge of supplying ammunition and military supplies to the South Korean military near Nanneung Station.

It would be better for the Korean and Chinese forces to unite to take unification action for the bisexual attack." The Korean Independence Army organized 15 units with 200 people and launched a second bisexual attack on November 7. The main operation of the ROK-China Allied Forces, divided into two attacking units, was handled by the Korean Independence Army. As infantry began charging from the front, rear, and left, machine gun guards advanced from the center, and the dispersion unit fired mortar to blunt the enemy's counterattack. Three hours after the engagement, the Japanese and Taiwanese forces surrendered, and the Korean and Chinese allied forces succeeded in occupying the binary castle for the second time. Meanwhile, the Korean Independence Army, which had been ambushed at Ogi Station, buried bombs at the point of train passage, and then bombed and attacked when trains carrying four Japanese troops passed by to fundamentally block the enemy's ambivalence. However, not long after the ROK-China Allied Forces recaptured Ssangseong, large-scale enemy troops attempted to counterattack and gave up Ssangseong again. The Japanese and Taiwanese forces attacked the Korean-Chinese Allied Forces, which occupied the Ssangseong Fortress with aircraft at the forefront. The Japanese and Manchurian troops have approached the walls by mountain-repellent cannons and artillery. In the sky, dozens of double-leaved planes rang the engine loudly and dropped bombs on the Allied camp. As binge drinking rang everywhere, the number of Allied casualties began to increase. In preparation for the enemy's counterattack, the troops were ambushed to prepare for the elements, but the defensive front was collapsing due to the bombing of the aircraft. The Chinese volunteer forces began to retreat, leaving the camp behind due to lack of morale. "No can do. We can't hold out here anymore either. All troops, hurry up and retreat!" General Ji Cheong-cheon, the commander-in-chief of the Korean Independence Army, also issued an order to retreat to all troops despite his grief. Oh Kwang-seon, the first battalion commander of the Korean Independence Army, took care of his troops under his command and sighed as he retreated. "Oh, my... I hate airplanes!" Whenever the Korean Independence Army joined forces with the Chinese Volunteer Army and fought with the Japanese and Manchuria forces, it had a brilliant record in land warfare, but when the enemy bombed using aircraft, it was undoubtedly defeated. As long as most of them were infantry forces, no matter how high anti-Japanese awareness and excellent operational plans were for the Chinese Allied Forces, they had no talent to overcome if the Japanese mobilized air force. There was no other way than to use aircraft for the Japanese military to win the Korean Independence Army and the Chinese Volunteer Army. That was the limit of Japanese military tactics. When the ROK-China Allied Forces retreated to Chung Ha-jin in the mountains of Osang and checked the troops, the number of soldiers decreased to 800. Chunghajin was a difficult place to accommodate 800 troops. Therefore, a military meeting of the Allied Forces was held to discuss future operational policies. Ko Bong-rim, commander of the 7th Regiment of the Guilimjawi Army, said that the situation is unfavorable to allies, so let's surrender to the Japanese and Japanese troops. "We attacked Ssangseong twice, but in the end, we couldn't protect it until the end and suffered a lot of damage. In this situation, it is difficult to maintain troops. Therefore, I think it would be better to surrender to the Japanese for a while, spend the winter, and rebuke in spring again." Then, Ji Cheong-cheon, the commander of the Korean Independence Army, strongly opposed the opinion that he should surrender. No matter how difficult the current situation is, there can't be a surrender to the enemy. We started the military to crush the Japanese conspiracy that invaded Manchuria. But why can the word surrender come out of your mouth easily?" "This northeastern region is a place where winter is long and summer is short. How do you spend the winter when you don't have enough clothing and equipment? It would be right to surrender and seek a future," Kim Chang-hwan, a deputy commander of the Korean Independence Army, lamented and told Gobongrim. "If you surrender to the Japanese military, you may not only be disarmed, but you may no longer have a chance to rise under the surveillance of the enemy. In addition, I heard that the Japanese army ignores the peaceful treaty of the Geneva negotiations and executes the captured enemy or surrendered enemy in their own way. There may be defeat in battle, but surrender is impossible." However, Ko Bong-rim did not break her stubbornness until the end. "Even in the old saying, "Even if it is Japan, how can you kill an enemy who surrendered recklessly?" I'm going to surrender to the Japanese army, so if you don't follow, I'd better be torn here." In the end, the Chinese Allied Forces decided to separate unless they narrowed their differences. General Ji Cheong-cheon insisted on a war of resolutions without breaking the will of the anti-Japanese war, but it was never easy for hundreds of soldiers to spend the winter. It is also a problem to select a garrison, but the winter without hundreds of food and winter uniforms could be a big blow to the Korean independent forces. And at that time, the Korean Independence Army was taking a kind of convenience-based method of organizing the military when necessary rather than always organizing the military in order to facilitate activities. This was also a measure that independent forces could take to cope with the Japanese military with insufficient weapons and supplies. In other words, when the situation was difficult, the troops were disbanded, and the independent army soldiers went to their respective locations, and when there was the next battle, they convened the troops again to organize them. Accordingly, the Korean Independence Army command decided to act separately, and the rest of the soldiers were temporarily disbanded to reorganize the military after the winter. However, despite the order to dissolve, about 40 young people who said they would share life and death followed the commanders of the Korean Independence Army, including Ji Cheong-cheon. Thus, General Ji Cheong-cheon led them and was stationed in rural areas with the help of Shim Gyeong-san, the head of the local self-defense team of Sahaja Oh Sang-hyeon. And I spent two months helping with farming. The Battle of Ssangseongbo can be seen as a result of the defeat of allies in that the Korean Independence Army and the Chinese Volunteer Army attacked and captured Ssangseong Fortress twice, but eventually retreated without being able to defend due to the enemy's aircraft bombing. However, it can be said that the ROK-China coalition's criminal record can never be disparaged in that it annihilated two regiments and five battalions of Japanese and Taiwanese troops in two bilateral attacks and seized large quantities of military supplies. Through this battle, the overall anti-Japanese spirit of the Korean Independence Army was raised, as well as the anti-Japanese consciousness of the entire Korean-Japanese army, and this news was known to Korea, raising national spirit. In particular, the news of this battle was also delivered to King Uichin, who was detained in Tokyo, and King Uichin, who was reported to Ahn Byeong-beom, a military officer, expressed great interest in the anti-Japanese war of the Korean independence army. In addition, the armed anti-Japanese struggle activities of the Korean Independence Army were also reported in China and published in each newspaper, raising the Chinese people's sense of war. On the other hand, the Japanese authorities regarded the existence of the Korean Independence Army as a thorn in their eyes and tried in various ways to arrest General Ji Cheong-cheon, the commander-in-chief. Japanese imperialism's actions to arrest and defection General Ji Cheong-cheon even reached his family. The Japanese imperialism used pro-Japanese group Miljeongs to monitor Jicheongcheon's family every day, and sometimes urged Jicheongcheon to return to the country by using a traitor on the independence movement line. They said that returning home guarantees wealth. However, General Ji Cheong-cheon's wife, Yoon Yong-ja, constantly prayed in her mind for the victory of the independent army, rejecting the persistent maneuvering of the Japanese authorities.

Lee Young-hoon, a descendant of pro-Japanese group, funded by the far-right forces of the archipelago, and the substance of the New Light Movement in Korea.

 The recently formed Textbook Forum will hold a symposium on the 25th to mark its founding ceremony and foundation, pointing out that the tendency to "deprecate and self-discipline" is spreading rapidly in the educational field. The textbook forum, co-represented by Seoul National University professor Park Hyo-jong and Chungnam National University professor Cha Sang-chul, and headed by Hallym University professor Jeon Sang-in, is expected to criticize the problems of the current approved textbooks. The theme of the symposium, which will be held at the International Conference Hall on the 20th floor of the Seoul Press Center from 9:30 a.m. on the 25th, is "High School's Modern and Modern History Textbook, Is It Good As It Is?" The symposium, which aims to "seek only accurate facts and fair military views while rejecting any ideological bias or political understanding," is hosted by the Textbook Forum and organized by the North Korean Democratic Forum and the Liberal Solidarity. Sponsors included the Citizens' Union of Education Communities, Christian Social Responsibility, Citizens' Conference for the Right Society, North Korean Democratic Network, Elementary, Middle and High School Principal Council, School-loving Parents' Association, Korean Teachers' Association, and Korean Private School Association. The thesis aimed at critical review of six current approved textbooks issued by the "Gwangbok and the founding process of the Republic of Korea," "North Korea history development process and inter-Korean relations," "Korea's economic development and industrialization," "Korea's political development and democratization." Professor Jeon Sang-in, who looked at the "Gwangbok and the founding process of the Republic of Korea" as the first presenter, argues that the current modern and contemporary Korean textbooks "can find many factual errors and ideological biases, so I seriously wonder if it is appropriate for teenagers." Professor Jeon, for example, pointed out, "Modern and contemporary textbooks consistently cite the temporary government, the Joseon Independence Alliance, and the founding alliance," adding, "First of all, only the executive is the right-wing, the other two are socialist, and they do not even mention the conservative forces in Korea." He understands this as "a product of the original intention to reject the pro-Japanese forces' eligibility to participate in the founding," and further argues, "It is particularly problematic that Lee Seung-man's independence movement and his founding efforts are completely ignored." Professor Lee Dae-geun of Sungkyunkwan University, who reviewed the description of Economic Growth and Industrialization, said, "In any case, there is a problem with the author's view of things," and pointed out subjective judgments and comments based on objective facts. Professor Lee also points out, "It is difficult to understand that all textbooks set the items of 'economic growth and capitalist development' as if they should be treated as economic problems, or that heavy and chemical industrialization should be criticized as a result of chaebol growth." In addition, Shin Ji-ho, an adjunct professor at Sogang University (CEO of the Liberal Solidarity), will present the "North Korean History Development Process and Inter-Korean Relations," while Kim Il-young, a professor at Sungkyunkwan University, will present "Korea's Political Development and Democracy." /Reporter Kim Bum-soo bskim@hk.co.kr "Because of biased history education, closed nationalism," [Chosun Ilbo 2005-01-21 18:13] "Textbook Forum" on the 25th, "We can't leave it to modern history education, history, so we have to combine other disciplines such as diplomacy and economy." "Modern history education cannot only be left to national history, but must be approached along with other academic fields such as international politics, society, and economy." Related scholars will respond in earnest to the left-biasedness of modern high school history education, which criticizes the establishment of a single government in Korea and emphasizes economic development in the 60s and 70s only from a critical point of view, such as deepening monopoly. Scholars in charge of the theme presentation at the symposium to commemorate the founding of the Textbook Forum (co-representative Park Hyo-jong, Lee Young-hoon, and Cha Sang-chul) at the International Conference of the Korea Press Center on the 25th point out excessive nationalist thinking, historical perception, and monopoly of Korean history. Under the theme of "High School Korean Modern and Contemporary Textbooks, Is It Good Like This?" by Professor Hallym University (Sociology) "Gwangbok and the founding process of Korea," Shin Ji-ho, adjunct professor of Sogang University (North Korean Studies), Lee Dae-geun, Sungkyunkwan University (Economics) and Kim Il-young. What is expected to be the most important topic on this day is the criticism of nationalism that has been regarded as sacred. Professor Jeon Sang-in (Hallym University, sociology) argued in a pre-distributed presentation titled "The Liberation and the Founding Process of the Republic of Korea" on the 21st, "The current problem of textbooks is caused by the flood of sentimental nationalism internally and the spread of revisionist historical views close to injection." Strong nationalist orientation leads to anti-American and anti-capitalist sentiment, and this ideological bias results in distorting the facts. Professor Jeon said, "Lee Seung-man's establishment of a single government is the fruit of Hye-an or Ye-ji considering his subsequent history," and added, "It is necessary to unilaterally appreciate Kim Gu, who opposed the establishment of a single government." Economist Lee Dae-geun (Sungkyunkwan University) argues, "It has long been revealed that post-World War II nationalism has not been on the side of 'progress' driving historical development," adding, "We should abolish the closed nationalist perspective as soon as possible and shift the actual conditions of life of the people." Scholars question the unilateral perception of national history as the cause of such closed nationalism, which is the cause of such closed nationalism. Professor Lee Dae-geun pointed out, "In today's global era, an international sense is required and international comparison of economic indicators is essential, but the current textbooks lack this." Professor Jeon Sang-in argued, "The result of a one-way historical perspective is that current textbooks do not place much value on capitalism, internationalism, or globalization." Scholars participating in the "Textbook Forum" symposium also opposed the inclusion of North Korea-related parts in South Korean modern and contemporary textbooks. Professor Jeon Sang-in said, "It is awkward that the history of South Korea and the history of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea are mixed in the same book," and added, "It would be more reasonable to publish 'North Korean modern and contemporary history' separately." Professor Lee Dae-geun also argued, "In particular, Geumseong Publishing's textbooks view everything in South Korea negatively and describe North Korea positively," adding, "North Korea-related content that relies on limited information should not be included in high school textbooks." Professor Shin Ji-ho (Seogang University, North Korean Studies), who analyzed North Korea's statements in modern and contemporary textbooks, said, "There are overwhelmingly more emphasis on the legitimacy of unification than on North Korea's reality, especially Geumseong Publishing textbooks exempt North Korea's division responsibility." In other words, they are responding differently to the history of the Republic of Korea with a self-academic history and an "internal approach" to the history of North Korea. (Reporter Lee Sun-min [smlee.chosun.com] (: Request for correction of "Textbook Forum," led by Professor Newlight:) The textbook forum (co-representative Park Hyo-jong and Lee Young-hoon, Professor Cha Sang-chul of Chungnam National University) aimed at correcting it, claiming that the textbook is biased to one side. As can be seen from the presenters, organizations, and sponsors of the inaugural symposium held under the theme of "Is this good as it is?" existing Korean history researchers are rarely participating or excluded, while special forces such as the North Korean Democratic Forum and Liberal Solidarity are leading the meeting. Their arguments are revealed by the pre-released announcement of the inaugural symposium. Presenters such as Liberation and the Foundation of the Republic of Korea (professor and sociology of Hallym University), North Korean History Development Process and Inter-Korean Relations (Shin Ji-ho, adjunct professor and North Korean Studies), "Korea's Economic Development and Economic History" (Kim Il-young, Sungkyunkwan University) made headlines last year. As a result, all of these textbooks have a common evaluation that they are ▲ pro-North Korea, with similar organization and content as if they were in a situation to refer to state textbooks that are overshadowed by ▲ accreditation. Jeon Sang-in, a professor at Hallym University, said, "The 'Korean Modern and Modern History' textbook consistently cited three activities: the temporary government, the Korean Independence Alliance, and the founding alliance, and the other two are socialist," adding, "It is not fair to exclude Lee Seung-man, especially pro-Japanese." Professor Jeon also said, "The current high school 'Korean Modern and Modern History' textbook problem was caused by a flood of sentimental nationalism internally and a ripple of the revisionist history view externally," adding, "Korean-style revisionism is more like pro-North Korea and Jusa than usual."

Lee Dae-geun, a professor at Sungkyunkwan University, pointed out that all six "Korean Modern and Modern History" textbooks are poor in economic content, and cited various examples such as ▲ denial of legitimacy and negative views of economic development, ▲ arbitrary use of statistics and data. The Textbook Forum (co-CEO Park Hyo-jong, Lee Young-hoon, Cha Sang-chul), a group of intellectuals majoring in social science, will hold a launching ceremony at the Seoul Press Center on the 25th, claiming that the modern history of Choi Young-chang's middle and high school accreditation textbook is distorted and ideologically biased. The forum will also hold an academic conference to commemorate the purpose of "seeking only accurate facts and fair military views while rejecting any ideological bias or political understanding." Under the theme of "High School Korean Modern and Contemporary History Textbooks, Is It Good As It Is?" Jeon Sang-in (Professor of Hallym University) continues to "Industrialization" of six publishers' history textbooks, including Geumseong Publishing, Genius Education, Korean Textbooks, Central Education Promotion Institute, Doosan, and Beopmunsa. The conference is hosted by the Textbook Forum and organized by the North Korean Democratic Forum and the Liberal Solidarity. In a presentation titled "North Korean History Development Process and Inter-Korean Relations," Professor Shin Ji-ho of Sogang University said the current accredited textbook emphasizes the legitimacy of unification rather than informing North Korea of its reality. In a presentation titled "Korea's Economic Growth and Industrialization," Lee Dae-geun, a professor at Sungkyunkwan University, criticizes almost all textbooks for conducting subjective judgments and explanations based on my ideological perspective or preconceptions rather than fair technology based on objective facts. Criticism of the textbook description related to "Korea's political development and democratization" will be followed by a comprehensive discussion involving Shin Bok-ryong (Kunkook University), Yang Dong-an (Korea Research Institute), Yoo Young-ik (Yonsei University), Lee Seong-moo (Korea Institute of History and Culture), and Park Bo-kyung (Gocheok Middle School).

A brief description of Lee Beomyoon.

 He was born in 1856 in Seoul at the end of the Joseon Dynasty as the son of Lee Kyung-ha, the captain of the vineyard called Seoseulsi Blue. In 1903, Lee Bum-yoon, who was appointed as a North Border Gando manager and went to Kando Island, formed an organization called Sapodae while protecting Korean residents, bought weapons and bullets in Korea, armed them, and then cracked down on soldiers or civilians in Cheongui who fought the enemy of Cheong. In the meantime, he writes a book called Bukyeo Yoram and weaves family registers. Lee Bum-yoon summoned Lee Bum-yoon in 1905 due to the Qing Dynasty's official constitution, but Lee Bum-yoon did not go. Before that, when the Russo-Japanese War broke out, he participated in the Russian army and fought with the Japanese army and even received a medal from the Russian government. When I went to Maritime Province, I started my righteous army activities, and it was Ahn Jung-geun and General Hong Beom-do who joined hands with him to join the righteous army. In 1910, along with Yoo In-seok and Lee Sang-seol, he condemned the Japanese imperialism's viciousness (Russian authorities arrested and deported him, but he returned), and in 1911, he organized the Kwon Min-hoe. Later, he organized a righteous army department in Manchuria, and he also joined hands with Kim Jwa-jin's North Road Military Sentiment. At that time, he would have been an elderly man, but his devotion to liberate his country seems to have suppressed his old age. He joined the Korean Independence Corps, which went to the Soviet Union, but was disbanded and reorganized again in 1922, and was elected president. (Seoil, the former president, died.) In 1925, the New People's Ministry was organized and joined it. After that, General Lee Bum-yoon sneaked into his country and died in 1940 alone. Even in books related to the independence movement, such as the General Book of Independence Movement, about Lee Bum-yoon, "It is not known when he died. Would that be the only case for Lee Bum-yoon?" (The uprising of the righteous army of the Independence Movement) and "There is unconfirmed information such as 85 people, including Lee Bum-yoon, were killed by surprise." However, the testimony of General Lee Bum-yoon's grandson confirmed that General Lee Bum-yoon died after seclusion in Korea. We should be grateful to General Lee Bum-yoon, who protected Korean residents in Kando and served as a senior anti-Japanese fighter after the invasion of national sovereignty. (Not only General Lee Bum-yoon, but also to many anti-Japanese soldiers and fighters...)

Anti-Japanese War of Independence and General Ji Cheongcheon of Baeksan Mountain. 6. Anti-Man Anti-Japanese War, a joint venture between Korea and China.(1)

 General Ji Cheong-cheon organized young men flocking from all over the country to each unit of the Korean Independence Army and received guns and ammunition from the Chinese volunteer army led by Jeongcho, armed about 2/3 of all troops. However, there was urgent news that a massive attack by the Japanese and Manchurian forces began before the conscripted troops from all over the country gathered completely at the location of the Korean Independence Army Command. " Commander, it is said that the Japanese and Manchurian troops are invading Binhyeon with large-scale troops mobilized by aircraft." Choi Man-chwi, deputy officer of the Korean Independence Army, announced the advance of the enemy. "Um..." General Ji Cheong-cheon frowned and gave a short moan. It was still before the full gathering of the Korean independence forces, and the enemy's advance began with sufficient gun and ammunition support from the Chinese mercenary, so it is a reality to fight the enemy under quite unfavorable conditions. "General, we don't have enough troops and weapons yet. It would be better to withdraw from here and pursue a future." It was the advice of Deputy Commander Hwang Hak-soo. However, General Ji Cheong-cheon shook his head. "Although we are not ready yet, General Jeongcho, the commander of the Middle East Railway Command, is a person who actively cooperated in recruiting and armed forces. The person who helped us is in an emergency under the siege of the enemy, but we cannot leave the military without knowing. With the current troops, we will have to help the Middle East Railway to prevent the enemy from advancing." Following General Ji Cheong-cheon's decision, the Korean independent forces are fully prepared to check equipment and help Chinese volunteer forces to fight against the enemy. At that time, when Deputy President Hee-heup Jilin surrendered to Japan in Binhyeon, warlords in Manchuria, including Pungjeomhae, Idu, and Jeongcho, opposed it and formed the anti-Japanese government. The Japanese army launched the invasion with the aim of destroying Lee Doo's Jilinjawi Army and Jeongcho's Middle East Railway Road Army and overthrowing the anti-Japanese government of Jilin Province, where Sung Yoon served as president. The main unit of the Korean Independence Army joined forces with the Middle East Railway Ho-gun near Ssangseong, near Herbin, and fought head-on with the Japanese and Manchuria forces. Japanese cavalry regiments and infantry flocked like ants and approached the castle with bullets. The Korean Independence Army and the Chinese Volunteer Army launched fire at the same time, aiming at the enemy in a trapping posture. As bullets poured out, Japanese soldiers' blood swords spread everywhere, and the smell of fierce gunpowder vibrated everywhere. The Japanese army, which was rushing recklessly to the castle, was injured in the baptism of bullets by the ROK-China Allied Forces or collapsed with good blood. There was also a Japanese cavalry running on a horse and being shot and plunging to the ground. General Ji Cheong-cheon held the archipelago high and encouraged the soldiers to lead the battle. Guns are the eyes of my country. Bullets are gifts from my country. Shoot! Knock down the enemy! Lieutenant General Senjuro Hayashi, a deputy commander of the Japanese Kwandong-gun, was once stabbed back after a series of casualties in the first attack. And he issued a new operational order. "Contact the Air Force Squadron and tell them to bomb the castle!" An hour later, about 10 Japanese Air Force aircraft were dispatched and approached as a double castle with the Korean-Chinese Allied Forces' drainage camp. Since it was not possible to destroy the ROK-China allied forces through land warfare, it was planned to destroy the defense using a bomber. When the sound of the engine came from the sky, the ROK-China coalition began to shake loudly. Jicheongcheon Stream, which was holding an operational meeting at a crowd barracks with Jeong Cho, commander of the Middle East Railway Command, left the barracks because the situation outside was unusual. "What's wrong?" Chinese military commander Jeong Chow asked his subordinate. The vice minister pointed to the sky and answered. "It's an enemy bomber. I'm a teenager. If it stays like this, the damage will be severe. "You have to retreat quickly." General Ji Cheong-cheon hurriedly shouted to Jeongcho. "General Chung, hurry up and recover your troops. Perhaps the enemy's attack will soon proceed." At this time, a large bomb fell from the sky and began to devastate the Allied camp. Soldiers who were devastated by the flames and the fragments of the bomb were screaming and dying. The bombing of Japanese aircraft began. Whenever a roar sounded as if the earth was shaking, the gods of Chinese volunteer soldiers flew into the air and flames began to spread out of control. Without missing that moment, Japanese cavalry and infantry shouted en masse and rushed to Ssangseong to surround the ROK-China Allied Forces. The Guilimjawi Army, led by Lee Doo, blocked the enemy's charge and fought to cover the allies who were retreating first. However, the fortress wall had already collapsed and a tremendous number of enemy troops flocked to fire, and Suseongjeon Battle was inevitably insufficient as it carried out bombing using aircraft. The Middle East Railway Road Army, led by Jeongcho, was also trapped in the enemy's siege and struggled. General Ji Cheong-cheon rushed to the back of the Japanese army to recover the Korean independence forces under his command and rescue the troops of Jeongcho surrounded by the enemy. The battle gradually turned into a battle of white soldiers. The ROK-China Allied Forces fought against the Japanese by inserting a large sword into the gun. However, since most of the Japanese troops were cavalry fighting on horseback, the war against the white soldiers was also disadvantageous from the standpoint of the Korean-Chinese forces, which consisted of all soldiers. General Ji Cheong-cheon, commander-in-chief of the Korean Independence Army, and General Hwang Hak-soo, commander-in-chief, wielded an archipelago and cut and stabbed the Japanese army at random, leading the battle desperately. Jeongcho, commander of the Middle East Railway, fought alone on a horse and was shot by an enemy in his thigh and fell. A Japanese cavalry officer looked at it and raised the archipelago like a beast who found food and attacked the beginning. "Dangerous!" Jicheongcheon hurriedly pulled a pistol and pulled the trigger aimed at a Japanese military officer. When a Japanese military officer was shot through the head by a bullet from Jicheongcheon Stream and fell below the horse, Hwang Hak-soo ran like an arrow to support the foundation and raised him. When the siege was barely broken by the battle of the Korean Independence Army, all the allied forces hurriedly ran away, swallowing the bitterness of crushing defeat. According to a report from the Chosun Ilbo on the 12th at the time, the Japanese and Manchurian troops hit 1,800 dead and 2,000 injured allied forces in this battle, and won a great victory to annihilate one regiment of the Guilimjawi army. Of course, it seems exaggerated because it is a Japanese military announcement, but it is confirmed that the ROK-China coalition suffered serious damage in this battle. After the invasion of this battle, the Chinese volunteer forces of Idu and Jeongcho retreated toward Binhyeon and Yeonsuhyeon, the eastern regions of Herbin. Of course, the Korean Independence Army, which acted with them, also fought against the Japanese and Japanese Allied Forces in the eastern part of Herbin. On February 21, the ROK-China Allied Forces occupied one-sided waves in the south of Juha Prefecture along the eastern line of the Dongji Railway, but despite a 10-day battle, they were hit hard by enemy air strikes using aircraft and were forced to give up one-sided waves and retreat on March 3. After that, the General Command of the Anti-Japanese Union Army was moved to Yeonsu-hyeon in early March. Here, the Korean Independence Army agreed to jointly carry out operations with the 7th Brigade of the Jilinjawi Army led by Gobongrim. However, in April 1932, the Korean Independence Army was stationed at Heukryonggung Palace to defend against training, but when the Japanese and pro-Japanese Guilim forces moved north using the Middle East Railway, they fought a fierce battle again, but were defeated without being able to suffer Japanese air force bombed in the air using aircraft. Since then, the Korean Independence Army has fought against the Japanese and Manchurian forces in succession while moving military to the Jeongjeong and Uiran regions. However, when Chinese volunteer forces, which had been defeated in a series of battles, fled to the Soviet Union across the border, the Korean independent forces planned to withdraw from the Songhwagang River to Mokran County, Heukryonggang River, to recover the military. In addition, in order to preserve the independent army's anti-war power, the remaining general soldiers were dispersed to preserve the daily life, thereby promoting the future. This was because the initial battle was so great that in the absence of an expansion of military supplies and troops, further battles only increased damage and made the path of independent forces complete. Meanwhile, Ahn Jong-myeong, the 5th commander of the Korean Independence Army, joined forces with Gobongrim's troops and retreated toward Aseonghyeon, defeating the Japanese army's pursuit, and Jeonbukbin, the 3rd leader of the Korean Independence Army, also joined forces to continue the guerrilla forces. Han Moo-bin, the 4th captain, joined the Jilin Self-Defense Force's Sachungsan unit and carried out a rear disturbance operation in the south of the Jungdong Line. Meanwhile, the units of Jo Gyeong-han and Kwon Oh-jin, who were unable to join the main unit due to the full-scale war on the Middle East front after completing their recruitment, joined the 9th Division of the Korean Independence Army guerrilla brigade near Taepyeongcheon. General Ji Cheong-cheon temporarily retreated to Heukryonggangseong Fortress after taking care of the first battalion of Oh Kwang-seon, the second battalion of the worst, and the Byeoldongdae of Shim Man-ho, holding resentment of the initial battle defeat. He gathered his subordinates and sought a future career path.

"It was our first battle against the Korean Independence Army in partnership with the Chinese volunteer forces, but it suffered considerable serious damage. Even before each unit of our military gathered in one place, a massive attack by the enemy began, and many soldiers were killed. As the Japanese army mobilized air force to bomb, the military's desperate resistance returned to nothing, and unlike the original agreement with the Chinese army, food and bullets were not supplied enough, and later it was cut off, and the control and cooperation of the Korean-Chinese forces were too insufficient. However, it will be our job to overcome these pains and hardships and unite the anti-Japanese struggle again." Thanks to General Ji Cheong-cheon's encouragement, Korean independence army officials tried to reorganize the Korean independence army, leaving behind the bitterness of defeat. General Ji Cheong-cheon dispatched Oh Kwang-seon and Kim Joon to the south of the Songhwagang River to detect the situation of the dispersed Korean independent forces and the situation of Chinese volunteer forces. In addition, as much as possible, it ordered the establishment of a base for the reorganization of the Korean independent army. The Chinese army of Yidu and Jeongcho, which were originally collaborated, gave up the anti-Japanese war and moved to old age due to unfavorable power, so they had to seek a new path for the Korean independence army. Oh Kwang-sun and Kim Joon met with Shin Sook, the chief of staff, who broke up in the battle of Yeonsu-hyeon in the northwestern part of the country, and continued to inform the whereabouts of the commander-in-chief and arrived at Daeseokha, the location of the party branch. In addition, Kim Chang-hwan, Lee Gyu-bo, Gong Chang-jun, Han Hae-gang, and Cha Chul, executives of the Korean Independence Party and the Korean Independence Army, who had been out of contact, also contacted each other. They held an emergency meeting of the Korea Independence Party in May and decided on the following matters. 1. Reorganize military actions, but set Daeseokha as a temporary center to recover already dispersed units and soldiers. 2. Recruit and train recruits soon to send people to the general commander of Jicheongcheon, his staff, and direct troops to Daeseokha. 3. Since there is no military agreement, the army can take action. According to this decision, Cho Gyeong-han, Ahn Jong-myeong, and Lee Gyu-bo went to Yeongpadun, Aseonghyeon, and negotiated with Gobongrim, and a joint venture was established. Thus, the unit also moved to Yeongpadun and stationed there. At the same time, Jeongnamjeon and one other person were dispatched to the north of the Heukryonggang River to contact the general commander of Jicheongcheon Stream and report the situation. Soon after, the unit reorganization and recruitment began, and military training began with Oh Kwang-seon as the training captain. At this time, the son of General Ji Cheong-cheon, who was staying in Soseokha, joined the Korean Independence Army to join the anti-Japanese war following his father. Yoon Yong-ja, the wife of General Ji Cheong-cheon and mother of Ji Dal-soo, was shocked and barely recovered after wandering around the private sector when her son left for the independence army and participated in the anti-Japanese war, which may lose his life. Meanwhile, the leaders of the Korean Independence Army, including General Ji Cheong-cheon, reunited with Chief of Staff Shin Sook in Mokran via Tongha. And as a result of the consultation, it was decided to move south to avoid the thawing period. Afterwards, he decided to enter Dongsan-ri through Mokran and Dongheung, recruit young people, and conduct military training, and take advantage of the opportunity to take the class. And from there, two young men were dispatched to the south of the Songhwagang River to faithfully communicate with each other. Thus, at a time when traffic became possible after the thawing period, Jicheongcheon and his party crossed the Songhwagang River through the Japanese military's border with a change of disguise. At that time, the Songhwagang River area was in an instant situation due to the entanglement of Japanese subjugation and Manchurian local forces. Jicheongcheon met with Jeongnamjeon and was reported on the situation of each battalion and hurried to the Namrim region. In June 1932, the troops in Yeongpadun also moved to Naprim, and finally, the Korean independence forces scattered around the country were emotionally reunited. As a result, the Korean Independence Army was fully organized. General Ji Cheong-cheon was welcomed by local residents by actively helping the agriculture of private houses by conducting military training while organizing the military, preventing any inconvenience to the Korean rural areas, and implementing protection policies. The Korean Independence Army's military power expanded day by day, and it launched a joint operation with about 2,000 troops of the 7th Brigade of the Jilin Self-Defense Force led by Gobongrim, and finally launched an attack on Ssangseong in early September.