Summer Palace of Peter the Great

 In Russian, it is called "Petro Dvoretz" and means "Pyotr's Palace." It is called the "Summer Palace" because it was created mainly for summer. It was in 1714 that a summer palace began to be built in this area, about 30 km southwest of St. Pecheburg, facing the Gulf of Finland. Parks and palaces have been built using the terrains that rise in the shape of stairs in the Gulf of Finland, and it is the most luxurious palace among the summer villas of the Russian emperor. On the site with a total area of 1,000ha, there are 20 palace buildings, including 44 fountains, 7 small parks, Garosu-gil Road, and Daegu Palace. It is a palace built with the Palace of Versailles in mind by Peter the Great, and is also called "Versay of Russia." The park is divided into upper and lower parks. A park was built on the hill to make a fountain using a drop in water. The lower park, called the "Pearl of Art," has beautiful fountains, street trees, and small palaces, giving it a feeling of an outdoor sculpture exhibition.  The great guns flow down to the semicircular swimming pool, and in the center of the main camp are Samson Sang (Samson tearing the Lion's mouth) and the largest fountain in the lower park. It is said that the canal, which starts at this large fountain, connects St. Petersburg to the beach where ships arrive. The Grand Palace is a 300-meter-long two-story building that began to be built in 1714, and then continued to be expanded and renovated. It was designed by Rastorelli, destroyed by Germany during World War II, and restored to its original state by 1958.

Gandhi, perhaps Hitler for the workers.

 Gandhi, was it Hitler for the workers, Gandhi, who advocated no possession and class harmony, a lamp of spirit or a confused sacrament, asked the angel, "Which would you choose between heaven and hell?" "I can show you anywhere, so just make a decision," Lam hesitated. It was beautiful, clean and full of flowery scent, but it was not fun. "Don't you like it?" asked the angel again. "Well, people are pure, but they're too old-fashioned." I don't know how to enjoy it. "How's hell?" Gandhi and Monroe, the conquest of heaven? So, to Ram, who came down to hell again, said, "It would be a little unpleasant to have to pay for the crime, but you have the freedom to choose the punishment you want to receive." Ram, looking all over the place, was stunned to see roasted men and frozen women. I saw Adolf Hitler coming in and out of the gas chamber, and Genghis Khan, Hirohito, and Golda Meyer, who were being tortured. But suddenly Lam's eyes opened wide. The naked Mahatma Gandhi and Marilyn Monroe were on the same wavelength! "Wow, Mahatma is a lucky man. It looks like you're getting something good back, but that's it. The punishment I want...." Then the angel gave him a tip. "That's not Gandhi being punished, Marilyn Monroe being punished." Gandhi, who is revered as the greatest man in human history as the driving force behind India's struggle for independence. However, even his negative aspects cannot be concealed (SYGMA), a famous joke that people around the world enjoy talking about his fateful death, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, nicknamed him Mahatma for "great soul." Gandhi, the political engine of India's struggle for independence, has become one of the greatest human spiritual coordinates in world history and earned numerous nicknames such as the messenger of freedom, the bold soul, the gentle giant, the nonviolent apostle, the sea of peace, the prophets of society, and holy beings. with the impression that he was only pure and unspoiled. Is there anyone else in history who has been perfectly purified like Gandhi? Afraid of refuting Gandhi's greatness, he has become a "great man who cannot quarrel" without even properly aiming at the heart of Gandhi's thoughts and actions. Perhaps the "father of India" was not enough, Gandhi inspired everyone in the world who groaned under colonial rule. His call for liberation from oppression, political freedom, personal purity, compassion for poverty, protection for losers, community of love, grassroots democracy, non-religiousism.... The immeasurable ideals continue to travel throughout the world from generation to generation. Gandhi is already well known, so there is nothing new or more to discover, but today, let's look at Gandhi with a "crunchy eye" according to the constitution of the "Asia Network." In conclusion, Gandhi was, at least, like Hitler to those who aspired to be equal to the workers. Gandhi's eyes on the nation and Gandhi's eyes on the individual were not well focused, so Gandhi's own movements were socially and personally unclear. Therefore, Gandhi, contrary to his claim, has often taken a strange step backward in social, cultural, political, and gender, and all of these facts have been concealed. experiment "desire" with young women Gandhi suffered from a terrible obsession with suppressing sexual desire and tried hard to reach purity (SYGMA), a good example. Gandhi shouted for the unification of Hindu and Islamic. He even wrote a song in which Ram (Hindu) and Raheem (Islam) become one. The people of the world praised Gandhi as a Hindu who truly respected Islam. However, he did not allow his son to marry a Muslim woman. What about this? Gandhi, who suffered from a terrible obsession with suppressing sexual desire, tried hard to reach purity. He also gave a lengthy description of how he restrained himself while putting a charming young lady to sleep next to him. Gandhi preached the self-control gained from the experiment in the spirit of a winner, but I think most men can tolerate it if it's that much. Even if you're not an adult or superhuman beings. So what is the woman who was the subject of the experiment? Is it okay not to ask how the woman feels? Let's take a look at how Gandhi influenced the labor movement. This is the biggest controversial aspect of Gandhi's social role and at the same time a negative aspect of the working class. Gandhi became involved in the new labor union movement in Ahmedabad, Gujarat in 1917. Ahmedabad was a place where cotton and manufacturing flourished since the 1870s, comparable to Manchester, England. As the textile industry peaked in World War I, Ahmedabad's economy soared. Nevertheless, Ahmedabad's workers were rather forced to cut wages. The angry workers rose up. As things got worse, manufacturers approached Gandhi. Gandhi proposed to manufacturers to support the formation of Major Mahajan Sangh, which stipulates workers' obligations and rights. However, his plan contained only cooperation and coordination, and industrial activities such as strikes were fundamentally prohibited. It thoroughly excludes conflicts and struggles for the true rights of workers. As a result, weaving and dyeing workers, who are mostly Islamic or belonging to the poorest Hindu class, returned to the Middle Ages. MMS was a partnership based on religious and identity differentiation, not a labor union. Gandhi, a labor activist who served the ruling class, preached religious tolerance and expressed affection for the poor, but never attempted to break down the religious and hereditary class system. Instead, he built his great castle on the firm caste. Manufacturers only understood the function of MMS as incorporating workers into industrial expansion plans. Therefore, for manufacturers, MMS was a tool to impose strong discipline and control working conditions for wage recovery. In fact, after MMS was created, manufacturers made rather huge profits, while only a small amount of money was returned to workers. This means that as a result of Gandhi's "no-ownership" philosophy driving MMS's "class harmony" ideology, large corporations have expanded their wealth, and workers who practiced no-ownership have become broke. Gandhi's ideal of wealth as a property of society is the result of disarming workers by forming the framework of MMS leadership. While MMS was stagnant, playing into the hands of manufacturers, Mumbai workers secured wage increases and eight hours of work through a series of struggles and improved various working conditions. Mumbai, which grew the power of its workers through the struggle, gradually expanded its influence throughout India. Gandhi's defeat to the workers continued. In 1935, Gandhi accepted a conventional proposal from a British colonial ruler. The so-called "family wage" of these colonial rulers meant raising wages in the name of survival costs for working families and unemployed people. However, within one person per family, people without jobs could benefit from this system. This eventually resulted in the expulsion of all women from the workplace. The negative view of the people and the compromising labor movement led capitalists throughout Gusrat, including Ahmedabad, to build strong ruling castles that refused to yield their hegemony or recognize liberal culture. This closed social structure of the Gujarat region, coupled with religious fundamentalism, eventually served as a major factor that enabled the most vicious slaughter of Islam in March. What was the root of the tragedy, in Gujarat, India's only region dominated by the ruling Bharthiya Janata Party (BJP), in which more than 2,000 citizens were killed at the hands of ruling Hindu fundamentalists? It's something that makes Gandhi think again. Coincidentally, today's Bartya Janata Party is very similar to the Hindu fundamentalist forces responsible for the murder of Gandhi in 1948. For Gandhi, who advocated non-ownership and class harmony, was the struggle for emancipation of workers a vicious condition for prolonging colonial rule? Where were the positions of the workers in the community or even the concept of the state he wanted? In order to put his philosophy into practice, Gandhi concealed, or at least ignored, India's unequal hierarchical social structure and flaws dominated by the birthplace system. The process of establishing a state ignores the great principle that any price must be paid for integration and homogenization. Gandhi's view of the impossible was the same. In order to fight colonialism, we must unite, but Gandhi's idea was that untouchable people divide society. Gandhi's position began to conflict with the Darit movement (the poorest class, including the untouchable people), which advocated their identities in the 1920s and 1930s. At that time, Ambedkal, who became the leading inventor of the Indian Constitution (which refused to recognize the invincible as a member of Hindu society), grew enormously, and its substance continues to this day in areas alienated from mainstream Hindu society. Darit demanded things like hourly labor standards and parliamentary separation of voters. Contrary to their demands, Gandhi staged a hunger strike in 1932 and pressured Darit leader Ambedkal to abandon the separatist election. In the end, a compromise was reached in the line of devoting 15% of the seats to Darit and allowing the untouchable to enter the school. Of course, there is a great deal of difference from Darit's demands. The concept of village autonomy (Gram Swaraz) advocated by Gandhi, the price of India's contradictory Gandhi, was the same as the perspective of the founding of the state. This ideal of local autonomy democracy was merely a pretense of allowing Darit, who was unwilling, to sit in the village council. From today's point of view, it is somewhat unreasonable to see it as a beacon of social liberation. Of course, Gandhi's legacy was undoubtedly the heart of the struggle for freedom, and Gandhi was an indescribable leader.

However, while they were clamoring that the construction of the state of India took precedence over the character and freedom of workers, freedom of status and equality of rank of workers became farther away. In the end, India has paid dearly for this contradictory Gandhi. The historical problems of Gandhi's days, such as internal division, continue to this day. Praful Bidwai, former editor of Time of India, and a nuclear columnist. Source: Hankyoreh 21 They said it was Gandhi or Cast System, so I moved it. Well, it's not a spiritual pillar for the Indians, is it?

During the Korean Empire, they accepted Western culture.

 Sungjin Post Office in Hamgyeongnam-do. Theodore Zander (1868-1945) was dispatched to Tokyo in 1906 under the order of the German emperor, who traveled to Korea from August to October of that year and left many pictures of the old customs.  After the inauguration of the Korean Empire, King Gojong's 1904 Jemulpo Port Seoul's fortress wall 1899.05.17 was opened on May 17, 1899, and the opening ceremony of the tram connecting Seodaemun to Cheongnyangni was held. Nine trains were first introduced, and one was exclusively for the royal family. There was no stop, and when people beckoned, it stopped anywhere. He was so popular that he came up from the countryside to ride the tram that it was easy to ride the tram. Even those who had difficulty getting on the train did not intend to get off, but rode all day, and the train was always full. As the number of passengers increased, the route was extended from Jongno Intersection to Namdaemun (1899) and from Namdaemun to Yongsan (January 1900).  First discovered in 1899 the first tram opening photo, Kim Young-joon, the first reporter of "Collier Weekly" at the time of the first year of the high-speed train, obtained it and said, "Let's go see the tram!The people of Hanseong gathered like clouds in Dongdaemun to see the opening ceremony of the first tram introduced in Korea at 3 p.m. on May 4, 1899. The building with a roof at the bottom of Dongdaemun is a tram storage.  =Kim Young-joon's photographs were published in the form of a pictorial in the weekly magazine Collier's Weekly on July 15, 1899, which was recently obtained by Kim Young-joon (54), a time travel representative of modern historical in Canada. No photos have been found so far at the time of the opening ceremony of the tram on May 4, 1899. Jeong Jae-jeong, a professor of Korean history at Seoul National University, said, "The photo of the opening ceremony of the Gyeongin Railway, which opened on September 18, 1899, was found four months earlier than this, but this is the first photo of how Koreans took it."  The building where the tram power plant was built. The power plant was built on a site owned by Min Young-hwan, who committed suicide when Japan-Korea Treaty of 1905 was signed in 1905.  The scenery of Mokpo after the opening of Mokpo Port. You can feel Mokpo's steps toward modern times from houses well decorated with tile roofs.  Daegu is a modern building on the main street of Daegu. In the picture, it says Daegu Wonjeongtong. The photographer is believed to be Japanese, but the photographer's location and timing were not written in the photo book, and only a brief explanation was written on the back of the photo. Modern and contemporary experts pointed out, "Considering the British and Russian consulate buildings, photos of the headquarters built in Yongsan by Japan, and the stonework exhibition of Deoksugung Palace, the filming period seems to be in the 1880s and 1910s."

India's caste system of inequality and equality

 Perhaps there is no country in ancient times without a class system. In Korea alone, the distinction between aristocrats and rascals was strict until the Joseon Dynasty. There were times when a rascal was completely blocked from his official duties, and even when he was dragged and beaten by noblemen for no reason, there was a time when he had nowhere to complain. Nevertheless, India's caste system has been talked about by the population for a long time because it still works today. With the development of information and communication technology, the word "one earth" has come to reality. Whether it is "equality before the law" or "equality before God," the term "equality before the law" has long become a global ethical standard, but I still tie people up with a class system, and I can't believe that there are people on this planet who think you can't get married because you're a Sudra. It is even more difficult to understand because of the fact that there is still an old-fashioned status system in a country that boasts thousands of years of history and culture, not a savage tribe in Africa. The reason why India's caste system remains the same even though the world is changing is because of the belief in the law of karma at the bottom of this system. In other words, it is all because of the work of a previous life that some were born into a rich family, and some were born into a Sudra on the street. The law of karma is the basis of Hinduism. Unless faith in Up's law disappears, the caste system will still be strong. In other words, the caste system will not disappear as long as Hinduism remains strong. In fact, Hinduism is not entirely wrong to say caste. The origin of the caste system is divided among scholars. There is even a saying, "There is a theory of origin as many scholars as there are." In the hymn of Purusa (Purusa) Chapter 10 of Rig-veda, when ancient gods gathered to sacrifice the cause of people's ancestors, they sang, "His head became Baramun, his arms became Kushatriya, his legs became Baisha, and Sudra came out from his feet." It is a song about the times when ritual supremacy was remarkable. In addition, Abe J.A. Dubois, who was missionary in South India for more than 30 years at the end of the 18th century, says that the caste system was artificially created for their own benefit, but this complex and organic social system was not created at once by some people. Like Hinduism, the caste system should also be viewed as a system formed by the 'invisible hands' of the majority of the public through centuries. Originally, the word "caste" was neither Indian nor English. The Portuguese, who first entered India, saw that there was an exclusive inner marriage group in Indian society, and what they called "casta" later became castes in English. In Portuguese, Casta means "a group of people." The Indians called Bararna the four-star class of Baramun Kshatriya Baisha Sudra, which, strictly speaking, was inconsistent with the inner marriage group the Portuguese intended to refer to as Casta. The word caste corresponds to a more subdivided 'jati' of Barna. The word barna originally means 'color', suggesting that India's four-sex system was formed in relation to skin color. In other words, the four-star system is basically a distinction between white-skinned conquerors and black-skinned conquerors. The caste system was established as a strict social norm after the Manu Code (around the 2nd century BC). In reality, what defines the lives of the Indian people is not the Barna in a broad sense, but the Chinese zodiac sign. The key factors that distinguish the Chinese zodiac are common origin and common occupation. In other words, it forms a zodiac sign for people who are of the same lineage and also live in the same profession. Marriage is also between people of the same Chinese zodiac. In ancient Indian society, Jatti seems to have been a functional classification for organic integration of society. It is Barna or Jatti that classifies members of society so that they can work in the right place according to their aptitudes and abilities. As it gradually became hereditary, it had several negative aspects. In fact, the four-star system used in India is somewhat different from our general understanding. Among the four classes, all three upper classes are classified as regeneration (dvija), and men belonging to this class are eligible to participate in the Veda ceremony through the initiation ceremony held around the age of 10. In this respect, the positions enjoyed by the top three classes are equal, and the distinction is only relative. On the other hand, Sudra is a lifelong family member who cannot hold a regeneration ceremony and is subject to various religious and social discrimination. It is classified into completely different categories from the top three classes. Religiously, these are people who cannot give up in this life. For them, nirvana is only possible in their next lives. You can only think of nirvana after being born again as a member of the upper class by building a lot of good work in this life. There are untouchable people further below Sudra. We usually confuse Sudra and the untouchable into the same category, but in India, the two are very different. Both are low-income people, but Sudra is in the caste system, while the untouchable people are completely outside the caste system. The fact that there is no word for them in Indian language means that they are not human beings. From the standpoint of self-degradation, discrimination in class according to caste is not inequality at all. Rather, it becomes equal. In other words, if a person who has done a lot of very bad things in his past life or a person who has done a lot of good deeds in this life eats well and lives well, the logic that it is inequality is established. Paradoxically, inequality is equality. Of course, this presupposes belief in past life and end life. [Religious newspaper]

the difference in the way Europe treated Asia and America around the 16th century.

 After Columbus discovered the Americas in 1492, and Vasco da Gama of Portugal discovered a sea route to the East around the southern tip of Africa in 1498, Europe began to engage in active colonial and trade deals with Asia and the Americas. However, Europeans in this period treated countries in Asia and the Americas very differently.   In the Americas, conquerors like Cortes and Pisa destroyed huge cities like Astec and the Incas, forced Christianity with violence and intimidation, robbed gold and various goods, and sent home. Britain established East India Company in India in the early 17th century, and since the mid-16th century, Espanya and Portugal have already sent Jesuit missionaries such as Matteo Ritchi and Francisco Xavier to the Ming and Japan.    Did Europeans refrain from using force in respect of Asians' high-quality culture and standard of living? Perhaps if it were possible to conquer these countries by force, they would have led troops in at any time. But while Europe was ahead of Asia in gunfire weapons such as gunfire and cannon firearms at the time (Japan was impressed by the Portuguese's gun firearms and the Ming and Qing dynasties, impressed by the power of Portuguese cannons, European firearms are already ahead of Asia).   If I could, I would have liked to swallow Japan and China as I had conquered the Americas and the Philippines, but as I mentioned in the above article, the problem was that these Asian countries were not easy. During the Warring States Period, the daimyo and the monarchs of the Edo Shogunate paid for the trade with silver and the amount was considerable. Were you not willing to conquer the Conquistador, who had gone to America at the risk of death in love with gold and silver, as Japan? I think it was a problem because the mind was like a chimney, but it was too strong to invade by force. Therefore, it was not purely voluntary that Jesuit missionaries in China and Japan took a missionary method that respected the culture and customs of the locals.  In addition, by the end of the 16th century, Japan produced and utilized a huge number of iron guns modeled after European firearms, and China and Joseon also had many large artillery guns produced by themselves, such as guns and large artillery guns. They were suitable as traders, but too difficult to conquer.        To conquer countries like South America that were isolated from other civilizations and remained at the technological level of the Stone Age, it would have taken hundreds of thousands of soldiers to invade Asian countries such as Joseon, Ming, Japan, and India, and it would have been almost impossible to succeed.      Even though the Edo Shogunate was established in Japan and Tokugawa Iemitsu, the three major shogunates, expelled all South Europeans and executed Christians on a large scale, Espanya and Portugal would not dare to retaliate, but they were not capable of doing so. In fact, when a missionary of the Jesuit Church, who had been ostracized by Hideyoshi Toyotomi, sent a letter to Philip of Spain asking him to conquer Japan, the Eastern Patrolman of the Jesuit Church hurriedly wrote to dissuade him. "The Japanese are very violent and belligerent, and there will be no benefit in conquering them and making them Peha's subjects." Also, Japanese monarchs like Hideyoshi are not afraid at all because they know that Spain, far away from the sea, is not capable of sending hundreds of thousands of troops by ship." Things haven't changed much since the 17th century. Even the Netherlands suffered the humiliation of losing Taiwan to 20,000 troops led by Jeong Seong-seong, the central figure of the Ming Dynasty's revival movement in 1661, and eventually failing to regain it.      The time when the European offensive began in earnest should be seen as the 19th century when the performance of science and technology and weapons accumulated based on the industrial revolution soared. Except for Europe, countries in Asia, Africa, and the Americas have their cannons and warships in front of them. India became a British colony, and the Qing Dynasty was divided into pieces by many European powers, like cutting a birthday cake. Except for Thailand and Japan, most of them are colonized. But in a way, Asia was lucky.    In North America, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa, the Europeans almost exterminated or expelled the natives, and did not press them to live in their place. (Tasmenians literally "extinguish") In addition, Americans hunt large numbers of blacks in Africa to make them slaves instead of weak Indians.  It was the Anglo-Saxons who took the initiative in the genocide of the Nazi Jews, the genocide of the Japanese sub-sea, and the Genoside rather than Maruta. These are the ethnic groups that have committed the greatest sin in modern history.

The first London Expo in 1851 = The Industrial Revolution.

 Since James Watt invented the first steam engine in 1785 to ignite the Industrial Revolution... (some say it started with textile machinery in the 1760s, but this is more important.) The Industrial Revolution and invention have become a transportation and communication revolution. In other words, even if the Industrial Revolution began at the end of the 18th century, it should have been in the middle of the 19th century that it really appeared as steel and machinery. The first World Expo, held in London, England in 1851, showed the new tide that will open up. Above all, the exhibition building is called "Sujeonggung Palace" made of steel and glass. You can guess how revolutionary it was at that time. We were in Andong Kim's power politics. British architects wrote to each other in the newspapers and adopted it. It will also be the first "world event" at a time when the world becomes one due to the transportation and communication revolution at the time. The opening of the international community, however, is hidden by the barbarism of Western imperialism, especially the British Empire, and China lost the Opium War, just before Japan opened, we were far away, that is, the "international community" was not "equal" today? About 20 countries participated and countless Londoners visited. The opening remarks were Queen Victoria and her husband, Prince Albert. It is an event that Western historians cite as "the beginning of scientific machinery civilization or the beginning of modern times." Indeed, political development was also being explored by the French Revolution of 1789, the American Revolution of July 1830, the February 1848 Revolution, the Communist Manifesto of Marx in the same year... Land noble => Factory owned conglomerate. Stevenson's train in 1830, Edison's electricity in 1842, Edison's electric generator in 1876, Belle's phone in 1885, Benz's car in 1885, the Wright brothers' planes in 1904....... (The dark invention is Ripple's continuous fast fire modern invention and the 1860s machine guns.............) When it was held in Paris, France in 1889, the Eiffel Tower was built. The power of France at that time, the Eiffel Tower, the Crystal Palace in London, and when it was newly built, European peasant and citizen artists who were accustomed to agricultural culture... were greatly shocked and opposed. Japanese animation steam boys are also interesting. Take a look. Stevenson will also play a supporting role. However, the Japanese fantasies about the British Empire... ...wanted to use European culture and light bulbs, but before Edison's invention... ...there are some things that don't fit. I think Korea and Japan, especially Japan, have a strong longing for the West because they have benefited greatly from such civilization and have not suffered any damage. Except for the two countries, all non-white countries are shocked by white people... ...... ...one of the memoirs is Steamboy Poster, and the other is the Daejeon Expo held in 1993 in my country. When it was held in Osaka, Japan in 1970, it was a huge hit as seen in the cartoon "Boys in the 20th Century." It is said that it will also be held in Shanghai, China in 2010. Will it be held in the three Northeast Asian countries by more than 20 years... ...in the second capital? China's Shanghai Expo also has a civilization-transforming meaning of landing scientific and mechanical civilization developed in China more than 160 years after Britain, the first industrial country in the mid-19th century, defeated China, the largest agricultural country. If 1.3 billion people turn on cars and air conditioners, will it be a disaster for humanity? The 2008 Beijing Olympics and Shanghai Expo... ...are the same as our Seoul Olympics and Japan's Tokyo Olympics. Twenty years apart. showing off the success of economic development Yeosu, Jeollanam-do, should have prevented this by being childish................?

beginning and end of the Southern Bay period

 The Southern Man period in Japanese history refers to the period from 1543, when Europeans first visited Japan, to 1650, when almost all Europeans were expelled from the archipelago after the declaration of a blockade.   The Chinese character "Namman" was originally the name of people from South Asia or Southeast Asia. There was a custom in which the Chinese called the "Orangkae" surrounding them by names in four directions: east, west, south, and north. - East, West, South, and North - In Japan, the word "South Bay" was used in a new sense to refer to the Portuguese who first visited Japan in 1543, followed by the Spanish, and later the Dutch and British. The word "South Bay" was thought to be a natural name for new visitors because Europeans came by boat from the south and their attitudes seemed very crude to the Japanese. This is how the Japanese records of the time are transmitted. "South Koreans don't use chopsticks like us, but use their fingers to eat. They express their feelings without restraint. They don't even understand the meaning of letters."  Japan's paper industry was incomparable to Europe's. While Japanese people blow their noses with soft disposable "toilet paper" made of Japanese paper, most people in the West still blew their noses using their sleeves.  Alejandro Balignano was born in 1539 in the kingdom of Naples and is an Italian Jesuit missionary who contributed greatly to spreading Christianity to Far East Asia, especially Japan.  He joined the Jesuits in 1566 and was dispatched to the Far East in 1573.  It is interpreted that the reason why the Italian missionary supervised the Portuguese-controlled Asian region, which was noisy at the time, was the intention of the Vatican to strengthen its influence over the colonial region.   Balignano establishes a Jesuit university in Macau. He left the orphan and visited Japan three times in 1579, 1590, and 1598. Balignano respected the Japanese people very much and hoped that Japan would become the most exemplary Christian country in the world in the future. He left a well-known evaluation of the Japanese as follows. The Japanese "not only excel other Asians, but also outperform Europeans" (1542-64) Balignano sent four Japanese aristocrats led by Manzio Ito to Europe, the first Japanese to be ordained as Jesuit priests, thereby establishing the first organization in Asia to cultivate native priests.   Balignano died in Macau in 1606.  Originally proposed by Alejandro Balignano to send the Japanese mission to Europe, the three Christian daimyo, Omura, Otomo and Arima, served as sponsors. Otomo Sorin, a daimyo in the Bungo area of Kyushu, was acquainted with Ito Shrinosuke, Manchio Ito's father, so Manchio Ito decided to act as a spokesperson for the party. In 1582, Manchio Ito departs from Nagasaki with three other nobles. Balignano, a supporter of the group, also accompanied two servants, a tutor, and an interpreter, Diego de Mesquita.   Their arrival in Lisbon was in August 1584, and they stayed in Macau, Cochin and Goa for about nine months during the voyage. Upon arriving in Lisbon, the delegation headed for Rome, the original goal of the journey. In Rome, Mancio Ito is appointed an honorary citizen and will also receive a European aristocracy named Cavaliere di Speron d'oro. While the delegation was in Europe, they met Spanish kings Felipe II, the Duke of Francisco de' Medici, the Duke of Tuscany, Pope Gregory XIII, and his successor Pope Sixteen. The delegation returned to Japan on July 21, 1590. The delegation left all of their long journey in books for eight years. The four soon became the first Japanese Jesuit priests to be ordained by Alejandro Balignano.  On top of the first Japanese delegation to Europe in 1586, from left to right: Julio Nakamura, Father Masquita, and Ito Manchio. Down - from left to right: Martinao Hara, Miguel Chizhi and the South Bay gunmen Japanese were most interested in the guns of the orangas. The first Europeans to visit Japan were three Portuguese who arrived in Tanegashima, Japan's southern island, on a Chinese ship, and they had Arquebus and ammunition. At that time, Japan was in the middle of a civil war called the Warring States Period.   To be exact, the Japanese were already familiar with gunpowder, and since 270 years before the Portuguese came, they have used Chinese presidents and flowerpots on the battlefield. However, the Portuguese guns were light and easy to aim for because they were in a way that was fired up with arrows.    Shortly afterwards, Japanese blacksmiths learned the mechanisms for operating firearms and began to produce guns in large quantities.    It was 1556, 13 years after Mentos Pinto, one of the merchants who handed over the Hwaseunggun at the time, left when he stepped on Japanese soil. Even in the remote mountainous area, it was so widespread that there was no place without guns. Faced with this reality, Mentos Pinto attributes it to Japanese instinctively liking weapons and military issues.    Nearly 50 years later, "By the end of the 16th century, guns became the most common thing in Japan, incomparable to any other country in the world."  The Japanese army was armed with guns so large that any European army of its time looked shabby.    Guns were used as powerful tools to unify Japan under the power of Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu, and were also used as main weapons in the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592 and 1597.     In 1583, at the end of the Warring States period, Balignano sent the following documents to King Felipe II of Spain.  "Japan is a country that cannot be controlled by foreigners. The Japanese are not helpless and ignorant enough to withstand the rule of foreigners. Therefore, King Espanya will not have any control or jurisdiction over Japan, nor will he ever have."       Spain reigned as Europe's greatest military power. It goes without saying that the king of Spain exercised the greatest power of his time. For such a king, the Catholic priest writes that Japan is a country that cannot be controlled by foreigners. There are many reasons. The missionary cited the warlike nature of the Japanese and also the solidity of the Japanese territory. This is because Japan is a very far-off country that cannot be reached without going through a long and rough voyage.   Japan's steel forging method was the best in the world, its military equipment was sharp, and its military power was noticeably strong. I don't know if this report was valid, but wherever I went, I led armed soldiers to colonize Spain, but I didn't attack Japan in particular.       In 1609, the Spanish royal family once issued a special declaration to the commander of the Spanish army in the Pacific, saying, "Don't collide with the Japanese army and put our military and national reputation in danger." Conversely, they were expelled from Japan in the 1630s.   The southern barbarians' ships had a great influence on the ship manufacturing industry in Japan, and in fact, many Japanese merchants went abroad on the Namman Line at that time.  It is a 1634 Japanese master ship that imitates Western-style horizontal sails, triangular sails, rudder, and tail. These ships are generally armed with six to eight cannons. The Shogunate established an overseas trade system in which it sailed through East Asia and Southeast Asia through a ship called the owner ship that gave the permit. The master ships were stealing the structure of the Namman Line in terms of sails, direction keys, and the arrangement of cannons. The owner ship carried many Japanese settlers to ports in Southeast Asia, and sometimes had the ability to have a great influence on events that took place in the settlement area, as in the case of Yamada Nagamasa, a well-known Japanese adventurer in Siam (Thailand.    At the beginning of the 17th century, the shogunate produced several ships of pure southern design, such as the Galeon ship San Juan Bautista, which crossed the Pacific Ocean to Nueva Espanya (Mexico) with the help of foreign engineers. The following is a vivid record of the actions of Tsunenaga Hasekura and his party. "The Japanese never touch food, but instead eat with three fingers holding two small sticks." "They blew their noses with soft, silky paper, never used it twice, and it was customary to throw the nose-pulled paper on the ground, and they enjoyed seeing our country around the Japanese quickly pick up the discarded paper."     "The Japanese sword was so sharp that they put soft paper on the blade and blew it with their mouth, and it was cut off."   Pope Paul V (1605-1621) wrote a letter to Date Masamune, the Daimyo of Sendai, in 1615, Pope Felipe III (1598-1621) of Daimyo of Sendai, Duke of Lema, the Christian godfather of Diego Velazquez Hasekura Tsunaga (16031). It refers to the southern lacquerware, which refers to the way furniture is painted or done in Portuguese style, and was a very popular item in Japan at the end of the 16th century.       Namman Snack - a cake modeled after Portuguese and Spanish confectionery, and typically ordered by Castilla, the name Castilla. Snacks made from the "South barbarians" cake are also sold at supermarkets in Japan today.  Nammansa Temple refers to the first Catholic cathedral built in Kyoto. With the support of Nobunaga Oda, the Jesuits

"Japan is a country that cannot be controlled by foreigners. The Japanese are not helpless and ignorant enough to withstand the rule of foreigners. Therefore, King Espanya will not have any control or jurisdiction over Japan, nor will he ever have."       Spain reigned as Europe's greatest military power. It goes without saying that the king of Spain exercised the greatest power of his time. For such a king, the Catholic priest writes that Japan is a country that cannot be controlled by foreigners. There are many reasons. The missionary cited the warlike nature of the Japanese and also the solidity of the Japanese territory. This is because Japan is a very far-off country that cannot be reached without going through a long and rough voyage.   Japan's steel forging method was the best in the world, its military equipment was sharp, and its military power was noticeably strong. I don't know if this report was valid, but wherever I went, I led armed soldiers to colonize Spain, but I didn't attack Japan in particular.       In 1609, the Spanish royal family once issued a special declaration to the commander of the Spanish army in the Pacific, saying, "Don't collide with the Japanese army and put our military and national reputation in danger." Conversely, they were expelled from Japan in the 1630s.   The southern barbarians' ships had a great influence on the ship manufacturing industry in Japan, and in fact, many Japanese merchants went abroad on the Namman Line at that time.  It is a 1634 Japanese master ship that imitates Western-style horizontal sails, triangular sails, rudder, and tail. These ships are generally armed with six to eight cannons. The Shogunate established an overseas trade system in which it sailed through East Asia and Southeast Asia through a ship called the owner ship that gave the permit. The master ships were stealing the structure of the Namman Line in terms of sails, direction keys, and the arrangement of cannons. The owner ship carried many Japanese settlers to ports in Southeast Asia, and sometimes had the ability to have a great influence on events that took place in the settlement area, as in the case of Yamada Nagamasa, a well-known Japanese adventurer in Siam (Thailand.    At the beginning of the 17th century, the shogunate produced several ships of pure southern design, such as the Galeon ship San Juan Bautista, which crossed the Pacific Ocean to Nueva Espanya (Mexico) with the help of foreign engineers. The following is a vivid record of the actions of Tsunenaga Hasekura and his party. "The Japanese never touch food, but instead eat with three fingers holding two small sticks." "They blew their noses with soft, silky paper, never used it twice, and it was customary to throw the nose-pulled paper on the ground, and they enjoyed seeing our country around the Japanese quickly pick up the discarded paper."     "The Japanese sword was so sharp that they put soft paper on the blade and blew it with their mouth, and it was cut off."   Pope Paul V (1605-1621) wrote a letter to Date Masamune, the Daimyo of Sendai, in 1615, Pope Felipe III (1598-1621) of Daimyo of Sendai, Duke of Lema, the Christian godfather of Diego Velazquez Hasekura Tsunaga (16031). It refers to the southern lacquerware, which refers to the way furniture is painted or done in Portuguese style, and was a very popular item in Japan at the end of the 16th century.       Namman Snack - a cake modeled after Portuguese and Spanish confectionery, and typically ordered by Castilla, the name Castilla. Snacks made from the "South barbarians" cake are also sold at supermarkets in Japan today.  Nammansa Temple refers to the first Catholic cathedral built in Kyoto. Thanks to the support of Oda Nobunaga, the Jesuit priest, Gneth Soldo Organcantino, first built a cathedral in 1576. Eleven years later (1587), Nammansa Temple was destroyed by Toyotomi Hideyoshi. At the end of the Southern barbarian period, in 1603, Japan was unified by Ieyasu Tokugawa, but due to the growing threat of Christianity, Japan suddenly locked its doors to the barbarians in the south.    By 1650, foreigners who had not left Japan had been warned to be executed except for some trade with Dejima and China, an external port of Nagasaki for trade with the Netherlands, and Christians had been forced to abandon their faith by torture. The production and distribution of guns were strictly prohibited, and a more 'civilized' knife took its place. Traveling and building large ships were also prohibited. Soon after, the era of closed, peaceful, and prosperous gradual development, known as the Edo period, came.  Two hundred years later, the "barbarians" came back to Japan after the Industrial Revolution, and in 1854 they were forced to open their doors by the battleships of Admiral Perry, commander of the U.S. Navy's East Indian Fleet, ending Japan's isolation policy.