"In the 17th century, 'Yeonhaeju(East Manchuria)' was the land of Joseon."

 "Yeonhaeju(East Manchuria) in the 17th century was a land of Joseon." Discovering records of Russian diplomats and cartographers at the time, "Starting from the Amur River, not the Tumen River at the border of Joseon."

Data that Yeonhaeju was recognized as Joseon land in 17th century Russia was introduced for the first time. Before Russia advanced to the Far East, Koreans had already advanced to Yeonhaeju. It is noteworthy that it is a data that will specifically clarify the territorial rights of Yeonhaeju along with the territorial rights of Gando. This is the first time that Russia's data on the territory of Gando and Yeonhaeju have been released. According to 17th century Russian data released by Park Myung-yong, a researcher at the Historical Research Institute under the Russian Academy of Sciences, the territory of Joseon begins at the Amur River (the Heukryong River in Chinese) and ends at the end of the Korean Peninsula along the coast. The "Newsmaker" Gando Special Planning and Reporting Team obtained Park's thesis in advance, which is scheduled to be released through the Bukbang Nonchong (published by the Goguryeo Research Foundation) at the end of April. Park will publish her paper titled 'Korea and Russia's Territorial Issues Over Yeonhaeju: From 1650 to 1900.' Notable material in this paper is a book written by Spapari, a Russian diplomat from Greece, while visiting China in the 1670s. The book, titled "Siberia and China," was published in Russia in 1960, and it also describes a country called Joseon.

"Joseon is a country between Leoatung and the Amur River.The country lies on a large "nose" of the sea, not far downstream of the Amur River, which is why the lower Amur River has the difficulty of going back far along the sea." The Amur River is a river in the northern part of Yonhaeju, Russia. The Songhwagang River, which originates from the Cheonji of Baekdusan Mountain, flows north and meets the Amur River and flows toward the East Sea. At that time, Russia labeled the peninsula "ko." Records show that Russia recognized the Yeonhaeju area surrounded by the East Sea and the entire Korean Peninsula as Joseon's land. "The sea route is not yet known because none of the Russians have gone right from the mouth of the Amur River," Spapari said, indicating that he has no direct information on the area. Spapari's records are based on stories heard in China, and it can be inferred that they rely on Joseon's circumstances delivered by Jesuit missionaries. The maps and records of Lemezov, a Siberian cartographer who obtained papers from the Russian Historical Research Institute of Russian History, are also interesting. Researcher Park cited the part related to Remezov in Boris Park's book "Russia and Korea," a Korean. Here, Remezov painted that Joseon's territory begins with the Amur River. Remezov described Joseon as a long stretch south of the Amur River and east of Manchuria. Lemezov's record was translated from Austria and published as a book. The consensus in Spapari and Remezov's records is that Joseon's territory begins on the Amur River. The Joseon border they drew was the Amur River, not the Tumen River. Researcher Park claimed, "The fact that the territory of Joseon began directly south of the Amur River may have been commonly discussed among foreigners (including Russians) who were in the Far East at the time." Although the two have some differences in their records, Park connected why they thought that Joseon territory began south of the Amur River with the situation in Manchuria in the 17th century. Nurhachi, based in the north of Shenyang, advanced eastward from the 1590s and swept and conquered Manchuria. After entering Shenyang in 1621 and occupying Beijing in 1644, the Manchus moved to China. The entry of Koreans into Nerchinsk, according to the records of Soviet historian Melihov, meant a coalition of various tribes that lived around Shenyang. It describes that various ethnic minorities of Tungus and Mongolians lived here and there in other Manchuria, Yeonhaeju, and Amur River areas except around Shenyang. Researcher Park claimed, "The area from the Yalu River to the Amur River remained ownerless, and for this reason, Russian researchers saw Yeonhaeju as Joseon land, not Chinese land, at the end of the 17th century." The Russians at the time saw that the power of Joseon, a larger country compared to minorities, was crazy for Yeonhaeju because China's power was not properly reached in Manchuria. Russian records also showed that Koreans actually advanced to Nerchinsk, northeast of Yeonhaeju. In the late 19th century, journalist Skalkopski's records show that "Korean merchants brought silk, paper, bamboo feet, fans, cigarettes, gold, silk materials, and Chinese silk to Nerchinsk and Noun (now unknown) along the Argun River and exchanged them with Russian fur." In his paper, Park also introduces the records of Krismnitz, who was dispatched to China in the early 18th century. "People on the peninsula at the mouth of the Amur River travel to Noun, which goes into the Amur River," Krisnitz said. "They come by boat to the city of Noun and then take things from there to Beijing for about 40 days." It is also known to Korean academia for the first time that Joseon merchants advanced to Nerchinsk, located near the Amur River (Black Dragon River), traded with Russians, and engaged in relay trade between Russia and China. Researcher Park argues that through their existence, Russia would have thought that Joseon territory began south of the Amur River at the end of the 17th century. "It is very meaningful in that Russian data were first introduced," said Park Sun-young, a professor at Pohang University of Science and Technology (China's modern history) who has studied the issue of kando territorial rights. "In particular, it is a groundbreaking fact that Koreans advanced to Nerchinsk." Professor Park said, "It is also a great harvest that some Russian data show that Manchuria was an uninhabited area that was beyond the reach of the Qing Dynasty in the 17th century." However, researcher Park explained, "The Joseon land under the Amur River, which was revealed by Russian data in the 17th century, refers to the Yeonhaeju area, and I don't think it is the Gando area." Even so, Park argued, "I think some of the Russians' records on Manchuria will be key to understanding the roots of the gando problem that is being raised here." From the mid-17s, Russia descended east and south in search of uncharted territory. At this time, the Cheong and Amur rivers collide. Later, Russia and the Qing eventually reconciled with the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689. At this time, Russia made concessions by using the border between the Gorbizawa and Argun rivers above the Amur rivers. However, the Yeonhaeju area, not inland, was still undecided. It was in the mid-19th century that Russia, which was frustrated by the Treaty of Nerchinsk, also able to claim sovereignty after reunification, entered here again. Russia anchored in Vladivostok in 1859. And declared this area Russian territory. From then on, Russian farmers began to move to Yeonhaeju. Russia and the Qing signed the Treaty of Beijing on November 2, 1860. In the 17th century, the Yeonhaeju area, which was the land of Joseon, was recognized as Russian territory by the treaty. In other words, Koreans who had already lived here suddenly lived in other people's land. After the Beijing Treaty, Korea and Russia directly border each other across the Tumen River. According to Park's expression, "Russia took Yeonhaeju in the Amur River without a drop of blood." When Beijing was in jeopardy due to the second Opium War in 1860, Russia signed the Beijing Treaty with diplomatic skill. Nokdundo Island, which was recorded as a Joseon land as an island at the mouth of the Tumen River, also entered Russian territory. On the other hand, Koreans already advanced to the Yeonhaeju area in the 17th century, but Joseon, which had weak national power, was ignorant of the international situation. He also did not know the fact that Russia and Cheong Wa Dae signed the Beijing treaty. It was in 1861, the year after the Beijing Treaty was signed, that he learned that he had encountered Russia on the Tumen River. It was only when the Russian military set up a border monument that Joseon knew that it had borders with Russia here. Gyeongheung Governor Lee Seok-young informed the government of this fact, but the Joseon government did not come up with any countermeasures. Afterwards, Koreans moved to Yeonhaeju in large numbers as well as Gando Island when there was a famine. According to data surveyed by Park, Russian records show that Koreans migrated after 1860. It has already not intentionally revealed the fact that Koreans entered the country before. More than 180,000 Koreans were forced to move from the region to Central Asia by Stalin in 1937. The area of Yeonhaeju is 165,900 square kilometers, which is comparable to the area of the two Koreas (221,000 square kilometers). In a parliamentary interpellation session on April 14, GNP lawmaker Kwon Oh-eul told Prime Minister Lee Hae-chan, "We must claim the right to connect Goguryeo, Balhae, and Northeast Asia, and incorporate it into Korean history to claim sovereignty over Gando and Yeonhaeju." In other words, Yeonhaeju also pointed to a place where they can claim sovereignty after unification, like Gando. The Gando Reclaim Movement headquarters, which was formed last year, also plans to claim Yeonhaeju's sovereignty following Gando. Representative Yuk Nak-hyun said, "We initially deleted it because we feared there would be diplomatic friction with Russia, but we will also include Yeonhaeju on the Korean map of the movement headquarters." Representative Yuk claimed, "Yeonhaeju is a place where Koreans reclaimed and lived before Russia entered the country." <Yunho and Yuqija hou@kyunghyang.com>

1889 Construction of the Eiffel Tower, Glory of France

 1. The story of the bridge was serialized to the Eiffel Tower Akashi Bridge, which foretold the Iron Age.Shall we go back to the past? Modern bridges began with the mass production of steel along with the industrial revolution. Until then, long bridges were mostly made of stone, so heavy locomotives had no choice but to face the limit of running. Then, with the advent of steel that can bear the enormous weight, the bridge challenged Jang Dae-hwa overnight and finally succeeded. The representative structures known as symbols of the material revolution are, of course, the Eiffel Tower in Paris and the Forth Bridge in England. The Forth Bridge story will be serialized next time.Here, only the Eiffel Tower...*^^* But why Eiffel Tower in bridge story of bridge? Gustav Eiffel, who built the Eiffel Tower, was an engineer who built numerous railway bridges before the tower was built. If you look closely at the Eiffel Tower, you can easily see that it is the shape of a tower placed on the arch structure. This is the same as a transverse railroad bridge. Should I say that the horizontal mold of the arch bridge was not placed horizontally but vertically? In other words, the Eiffel Tower is an extension of the bridge. So wouldn't it be the time to get a glimpse of the steel age and the opening of the steel bridge to track down how Gustav Eiffel built the bridge before and how he built the Eiffel Tower afterwards? 2. GUSTAVE EIFFEL (1832-1923), born in France in 1832, dreamed of studying chemistry and becoming a chemist at the Central Technical High School in Paris, but his dream disappeared when his uncle, who ran a chemical factory, passed away. After graduating, he met a man named "Sharl Nouveau" who was a railroad facility manufacturer, and his life as an engineer began. The first thing Eppel learned from Nouveau was the foundation work to build in the river, and in August 1856, Eppel introduced him to the Western Railway Company at the age of 24. The railway company's first task was to design a 22-meter bridge made of cast iron and steel plates. After this, he moved to a car and railway equipment manufacturing company through Nouveau and became the chief of the design department for a ride, and around this time, Eppel directed the construction of the Bordeaux Bridge, which was built with six 25-meter-high piers and a 500-meter-long steel girder. Even though he had no experience in the construction site until then, he began to distinguish himself as a recognized engineer by doing this work well. In 1866, when Eiffel was 34 years old, he founded the Eiffel Company and became president, and in 1875 in its 10th year, he won an order to build a bridge between the Plague Station in Hungary and the Doru River in Portugal, making Eiffel an international construction company. Soon after, he was stabilized by his ability to build the bridge of the Doru River and won an order for the 122-meter-high Garabit Overpass (France-based) that crosses the deep valley of the Truiel River. The Karabi Overpass, known as the world's largest construction at the time, was 564m long, with a track 122.2m high from the bottom of the valley, and a 165m long arch was installed in the center, and both sides were structured to withstand the mould of the bridge with steel piers. The longest piers are 89.64m high, 25m wide and 28.9m high, and are made of 61m steel frames. In addition, the large arch adopted a unique construction method at that time by hanging the semi-arched arch with a steel cable fixed to the mold of the bridge to serve as a joint in the air. It is said that he began to gain worldwide attention after the Garabit Overpass was built between 1882 and 1984, and in 1886, he participated in the construction of the famous Statue of Liberty in New York, so he must have been a talented person. 3. The basic study of the design and assembly method of the towering "Great Iron Bridge" was "Emily Sugier", "Mors Kecklang" for structural calculation and design, "Jean Kompagnon" for assembly and field work, and "Jean Battist Gober" for overall management. These members were the team that later built the 300m-high Eiffel Tower. In addition, several railway bridges built by Eppel were extremely simple and clear structures in which iron moulds were hung over steel towers, which were soon applied to the construction of the Eiffel Tower. The Eiffel Tower was built around the Paris International Exposition, which was held to mark the 100th anniversary of the French Revolution in France. The French government conspired to create a tower that would be an original masterpiece of the steel industry, and more than 700 entries were received with enthusiastic response, but only one of them was satisfied with Eiffel's design. Before the construction of the Eiffel Tower, there were many disputes between artistry and industry, ugliness and beauty, but on January 28, 1887, despite opposition from the Parisians, the first pickaxing for the construction of the Eiffel Tower began. Eppel soon went into construction, but it was never easy to support the enormous weight of the 9,000-ton tower. Eppel's design was a structure in which a tower was placed on top of a four-iron frame, so the foundation had to be solidified with concrete to support the four legs. In other words, a large amount of concrete foundations were prepared with a length of 10m, a width of 6m, and a thickness of 2m in the east and south, and a length of 15m, a width of 6m, and a thickness of 6m in the north and west. The main body of the pagoda was made of wrought iron. The volume was more than 7,000 tons, with 13,038 large beams and steel plates used, and 1,058,846 rivets alone. Eppel assembled and completed such a large amount of material in just 25 months using a crane, and there was no other defect. The background of this perfect construction was clear preparation, meticulous calculation, and meticulous occupation, and first, more than 1,700 drawings were made in the framework of the tower, and 3,629 drawings were drawn in detail for each subsidiary to accurately proceed with the assembly. In addition, the holes in the rivets used for the connection were also managed to calculate and make the gap between the holes with a precision of 1/10 mm. The construction lasted for 25 months, and about 300 acrobats rushed to work. In this way, a thin pillar quickly rose toward the sky, and in 1889, two years after the construction, a "giant iron pier" appeared in the middle of Paris.      ▶ A picture of the Eiffel Tower construction data.^^) ▶ Purpose of Construction: For the 200th Anniversary of the French Revolution of 1889 ▶ Construction period: 25 months from January 28, 1887 ▶ Constructor: Gustave EIFFEL ▶ Official ascendant: Eduard VII and his family (Jun. 10, 1889) ▶ Art: 32052 The technicians, who built the sky-high tower, called it "a triumph for science and industry by a huge memorial building," while critics such as novelist Mo Fasang and Abe Maria's composer Guno have lost their seats for some time, including "ugly iron blocks," "shodding factory-like industrial technology in Paris," and "Protecting Art from the destruction of industrial heritage." In any case, in Paris, the endless debate over whether it is art or industry has continued considerably since then. However, during the fair, a staggering 6 million visitors from all over the world admired the Eiffel Tower and praised it breathlessly, and Parisians, who were proud of their art, criticized it, but it was clear that it was a monument to the Iron Age. ▶ The beautiful view of the Eiffel Tower.^^ 4. After Eiffel Tower.. Eiffel famously said to the French, "With the Eiffel Tower, France will be the only country that can fly the flag on a 300-meter-high flagpole," to appease and persuade many opponents of the Eiffel Tower. As he said, the Eiffel Tower was in the spotlight as the world's tallest building for nearly 40 years until 1931 when the Empire State Building in the United States was built. Anyway, despite these twists and turns, Eiffel once built a residence on the Eiffel Tower. In 1889, the French awarded the Order of the Legion of Honor, considered France's highest honor, a bust (▶see photo) under the Eiffel Tower and a wax figure (▶see photo) on the top floor. How angry were the people who opposed the construction of the Eiffel Tower? Some artists even ate at the Eiffel Tower every day because they hated it. The reason is that it is the only place where you can't see the Eiffel Tower? On the other hand, the Eiffel Tower gradually became loved by Parisians and artists. Artists began to use the Eiffel Tower as a subject of painting, and various music and literary works set in the Eiffel Tower began to pour out. However, it is true that the Eiffel Tower was born with a sad fate. This is because the lifespan was limited to only 20 years. The first company to build the Eiffel Tower had 20 years to rent the place. Accordingly, in 1910, the Eiffel Tower faced a crisis of disintegration. However, just as those who opposed the construction of the Eiffel Tower were not enthusiastic at this time, those who wanted to save Eiffel also carried out a campaign against the dismantlement by packing lunch boxes. It's not that, but in 20 years, there would have been quite a few people born in between, and it might have been strange for them to see the sky without the Eiffel Tower. Just in time, technology advanced and wireless communication was born to help save the Eiffel Tower. Wireless antennas were installed at the top of the Eiffel Tower, which allowed it to shoot radio waves across the Atlantic Ocean, making it impossible to tear down the Eiffel Tower. Since then, the Eiffel Tower has been armed with various advanced equipment whenever new communication technology was invented. In 1918, equipment for radio broadcasting was installed, and in 1957, television antennas were installed, and weather observation equipment and air navigation equipment are now added. In particular, from 1985, the lights were illuminated at night to show off a more beautiful appearance. Under these circumstances, if anyone says to tear down the Eiffel Tower now, there is nothing but to be treated as a crazy person. A beautiful view of the Eiffel Tower from Almadari at sunset ----------------------------------------------------------------- Source: NHK Special-Techno Power, Japan: Virtual Paris Travel

After failing to kill Mao Zedong in 1971, he shot down a plane trying to flee the Soviet Union

 1966: Attacks on the party commissioners began and the Cultural Revolution exploded, killing tens of thousands of people. Mao seems to have tried to reform the Communist Party of China by establishing a more faithful successor to his ideas through the Cultural Revolution. The Red Guards were organized to mobilize the public. In 1969, Lim Pyo (Lin Biao) was appointed as the successor to Mao Tse-dong, proclaimed martial law, and executed several politicians, including Ryu So-ki (Ryu Xiao-chi). Motaek-dong felt uneasy about Lim Pyo (Lin Biao) who was too impatient with the transfer of power, and joined hands with Joo Eun-rae (Zhou Eon-lai) to eliminate him. After Lim Pyo felt political defeat and fled by plane in 1971, Joo Eun-rae and Mo Taek-dong brought Deng Xiaoping to power. Deng Xiaoping (Deng Xiaoping), who became the head of the party's central government, insisted on the reorganization of the whole (agriculture, industry, literature, and revolutionary committee), and the background of his bold push was his influence on the military. Motaek-dong felt dissatisfied with the overall arrangement, which means total denial of the Cultural Revolution, and expressed sympathy with the criticism of Dengso-pyeong. 1976: In April, the Tiananmen Incident took place, and Dengsopyeong was overthrown, and Hwagookbong Peak (Hwaguofeng) emerged as the successor. In September 1975, Mo Taek-dong died, followed by the arrest of the four (Gangcheong-Mo Taek-dong wife, Wang Hong-moon-Vice President, Jang Chun-ho, Deputy Prime Minister, Do Mun-won-Political Member), and the Cultural Revolution finally ended. The aftermath of the Cultural Revolution remained throughout society, with productivity falling, government functions paralyzed, disillusioned with power struggles, distrusting party leaders, and serious defeatism in politics. ============================== Character introduction "Impyo" ======================== Born in Huanggang, Hubei Province. In 1926, he graduated from Huangpu Military Academy and joined the Communist Party of China. In 1927, after the division of the National Communist Party, he participated in the Nanchang riots and failed, and he conducted guerrilla activities with Judea and Mao Zedong. In 1929, he became the 4th general of the Gongnong Red Army and participated in Jangjeong from 1934 to 1935. He became the principal of the Anti-Japanese Military College in 1936 and the commander of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army in 1937. In 1947, the 7th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China received Japanese weapons from the Soviet Union in Manchuria in August, organized the People's Liberation Army, and took control of Manchuria as a commander and a secretary of the Party Central Dongbei. After the establishment of the Communist Party of China in October, he became a member of the Central People's Government, a member of the Central People's Revolutionary Military Commission, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and a chairman of the Central Government in 1950. In 1954, he served as deputy prime minister of the State Council, vice president of the National Defense Commission, member of the Central Political Bureau of the Party in 1958, standing member of the Political Bureau, and vice president of the National Defense Commission. Since 1959, the military has launched a Mao Zedong Thought Learning Movement, published a paper titled "Long Live the Victory of the People's War" in 1965, and expanded Mao Zedong's "Urban siege to rural areas" strategy into a global strategy. In the 1967 Cultural Revolution, he combined with Mao Zedong and Jiangqing to seize power by mobilizing military power, and in 1969, the 9th National Congress of the Communist Party of China stipulated that Mao Zedong was the successor. He was ousted in September 1971, and when he was discovered and failed in advance while plotting an anti-Maoist coup, he escaped by plane with his family and fled to the Soviet Union, and died in a plane crash in Mongolia.

Japan's history distortion to glorify the victory of the Russo-Japanese War

 Japan's history distortion to glorify the victory of the Russo-Japanese War 2004/05/24 17:56 http://blog.naver.com/loose/140002728874 Japan, without reflection on various crimes, such as the invasion war, exploitation of neighboring countries, and slaughter of civilians, has justified it and lied about the greatest moment in its history. And this year, 2004, has been designated as the 100th anniversary of the victory of the Russo-Japanese War, and has repeatedly said and done extraordinary things that seem to hope for a re-invasion of neighboring countries while dreaming of a revival of militarism. It is an undeniable historical fact that the Russo-Japanese War ended in Japan's victory. However, there is a questionable part in this part. It was the Battle of Tsushima. Japanese historians say 24 Japanese fleets led by Lieutenant General Heihachiro Togo were defeated by 38 Russian Baltic fleets led by Admiral Rosestvenski off Tsushima Island in May 1905. However, no detailed records of the naval battle have been found in Japan. In addition, Japan claims that Admiral Rosestvenski, commander of the Baltic fleet, was wounded and captured in the battle, but there is no record in the Russian Navy report that Admiral Rosestvenski was taken prisoner by the Japanese navy. The Russian Navy report stated, "On 24 May 1905, we confronted the enemy fleet in the Tsushima Strait, but immediately returned after receiving orders from the Minister of Defense." In addition, there is a record that "the enemy's destroyer washing chased and shelled one cruiser while recovering, but the Japanese destroyer washing was buried with gunfire." In other words, the great victory of the Battle of Tsushima, which Japan says, is not seen in the Russian Navy report at all. If Russia's Baltic fleet has suffered a crushing defeat, as Japan claims, the report should clearly contain detailed descriptions of the damage. No matter how much it is human nature to hide defeat, if the battleship is almost sunk, it has no choice but to record it in detail in the report. Furthermore, the commander should have been recorded in more detail to the extent that he was captured by the enemy. However, there is no record of the damage in the Russian Navy report, and furthermore, there is no mention of Admiral Rosestvensky being taken prisoner. If Rosestvenski was injured and taken prisoner, there must be a record in the Japanese military report that he was transported to the hospital. No matter how hostile the enemy is, it is a principle to treat a captain-level prisoner of the fleet as appropriate, and if he is injured, the wounded soldier should be treated. However, given that Japanese data did not mention any records of hospital transportation or treatment for Admiral Rosestvenski, it is clear that the Battle of Tsushima was a fabrication. It is clear that Japan won the Russo-Japanese War. However, judging from the records and circumstances at that time, the Battle of Tsushima did not exist in history. The decisive factor in ending the Russo-Japanese War was the victory of 250,000 Japanese troops led by General Iwao Oyama in March 1905, defeating 300,000 Russian troops led by General Kropatking in the Great Battle of Pyeongtian. As part of the Anglo-Japanese alliance, the Royal Navy Association presented the Nelson Award to Heihachiro Togo in a ceremonial way to celebrate Japan's victory in the Russo-Japanese War, which distorted the Tsushima battle as if it were historical. At that time, the Royal Navy Association did not even conduct a detailed on-site investigation into the actual existence of the Battle of Tsushima. Japanese netizens who read this thread may be very angry, but from the distorted view of the Japanese, who deny the records of the Korean Independence Movement and the Shanghai Shinmun, which are described in scientific common sense and detailed field surveys, only trust the fabricated data of Japan's lies seem true. After all, the Battle of Tsushima is nothing more than a lie from Japan to glorify the victory of the Russo-Japanese War, and Togo Heihachiro is by no means a hero of the sea. For your information, the Russo-Japanese War is a kind of ceasefire negotiation rather than a victory for Japan. Just like the current relationship between the two Koreas. Japan fought like mercenaries with money and weapons from British and other powers, but there were few proper battles with Russia, including the expansion of the front line. And yet, in fact, it was Japan that was on the verge of extinction. After the Battle of Sushima, they managed to get peace, but because of the information manipulation in Japan, they even staged a demonstration saying, "Why are the Japanese suggesting peace when they are winning?" Japan has not been able to open its eyes to the truth of history.

Jew of the smartest race in the world

 Twenty-six percent of all Nobel laureates came from Jews, especially in science, with 40 percent from Jews. And most of the rich people who drive America are Jews...What are Jews like? Jewish [Jew] Summary The Hebrew speakers and their descendants who migrated from Mesopotamia to Palestine around 2000 BC. It is commonly called the Hebrews and Israelis. Around the 10th century BC, the Kingdom of Israel was divided into the Kingdom of Israel in the north and the Kingdom of Judah in the south, and all Israelis who returned home after the Babylonian drift were called Jews, and they liked to call themselves Israelis. As a diaspora, the descendants have wandered around the world and have repeatedly mixed with the races and ethnicities of the land, so there are various traits, cultures, and religions. In other words, the majority of Jews are white in nature, but some are colored (Black Jews of India), and the hook-shaped nose, commonly called a marsupial nose, is not a dominant feature. Many people have converted religiously from Judaism to other religions or become atheists. The number of preservers of Yiddish, Hebrew speakers, and Jewish cultures (Jews, Sinagogs, distinctive customs, cuisine, etc.) is gradually decreasing. Also, because of the accelerated wandering behind the diaspora, Jews were unable to form a race. Moreover, the people of Israel include many Arabs, and the majority of Jews are dispersed around the world, so Jews are not a people. Jews, regardless of their nature, language, culture, or nationality, may be added to the condition that they are the descendants of Jews until relatively recently, but in short, they are those who consider themselves Jews and are treated as Jews by others. Israel defines Jews similarly. Therefore, the Jewish population is not exactly known, but about 13 million to 14 million people are in the Americas. This is in contrast to the fact that European Jews were about 80% of the world's total Jewish population in the 19th century and about 60% in 1930, and the cause of the change was the migration to escape European Jewish persecution. The number of scholars and artists is relatively large, but most Jews are workers and middle-class people living in cities.

World history is divided before and after James Watts.

 Before and after his invention of the "steam engine"... ...Puhehehe... ...the invention of the steam engine by James Watt of England in 1785. This is the core of the industrial revolution, not natural power or manpower, but the beginning of fossil raw material power. Is it too much of a lie to say that everything in modern times has begun... ...and In the 19th century, a country with a lot of coal was the first. The era of steel and coal began in 1806 when Fulton, the United States, built a steamboat (wooden), Stevenson, the United Kingdom, built a train in 1830, and Britain built the Great Britain, the first steel steamer, in 1842. In 1876, Edison in the United States powered electricity with the invention of a "generator," and around the same time, a gasoline engine was invented by Germany in 1896. Thanks to this, with the opening of the 20th century, coal => oil. Britain and the U.S. quickly secured. Germany and Japan lost. After World War II, nuclear power. Uranium emerged as new fossil fuel. Thanks to most of our electricity production... ...when war breaks out, we're a hell of radiation. A few days ago, we fought in South Chungcheong Province or South Jeolla Province over a nuclear dump... ...cheap and clean, but once it happened, a huge accident. The Soviet Union's Chernobyl nuclear plant accident in the 1980s was a nightmare. At that time, even near nuclear power plants in Korea, people teased me about whether people with bad brains lived near nuclear power plants. The airplane was also a steam engine when the Chowlight brothers invented it In 1939, Nazi Germany's Mesashmit jet engine and submarine aircraft carriers were replaced by nuclear propulsion after World War II. (Victory countries only.) Steam engines disappeared in the 20th century, but even trains were not found after World War II. Replace with a diesel engine. The invention changed everything... ...or it was the beginning of the modern era... ...but it was not an exaggeration to say that Japan had recently made a new one for pleasure. It's a little over the top, but the short clip is a Japanese animation called "Steam Boy. Miyoung's conspiracy over the super steam engine Steamball... against the backdrop of the 1866 London World Exposition. Japanese people are good at making a cartoon. Although the characters are all American and British. James Watt's majesty ====================================================================== James Watt 1736 January 19 Greenock, Renfrewshire, Scotland, August 25, 1819, Heathfield Hall near Birmingham, Warwick. a Scottish machine maker and inventor Watt, an oil painting by H. Howard, whose steam engine contributed substantially to the Industrial Revolution, and he was elected a member of the Royal Society in 1785. His father, an accountant and junior judge at Greenock for education and training, was successfully running shipbuilding and construction projects. Watt, a boy with a delicate personality, was educated by his mother at home for some time, and later learned Latin, Greek, and mathematics at Grammar School. An important source of his education was his father's workshop, where he equipped his tools, workstations, and forging, built models such as cranes and barrel organs, and gradually became familiar with ships. At the age of 17, he decided to become a math tool maker, and first went to Glasgow, where one of his maternal relatives was teaching at the university, and in 1755, he went to London to meet a teacher who would teach him. Although his health deteriorated within a year, he acquired the job well as as as an excellent craftsman. Returning to Glasgow, he opened a store at the university in 1757 and made mathematical tools such as quadrants, compasses, and scales. He met many scientists and became friends with Joseph Black, who developed the concept of latent heat (the heat needed to change the state of substances such as solids and liquids). She married her cousin M. Miller in 1764, but nine years later she died with six children. The Watt engine was shocked by the waste of steam in 1764 while repairing a model of the New Common steam engine. After grappling with the problem of improving it, he accidentally found the answer, his first and greatest invention, the "separator." He knew that the loss of latent heat was the biggest disadvantage of the New Common engine, so it was connected to the cylinder, but condensation had to be made in a separate chamber. Then he met J. Robert, founder of the Caron plant, who authorized him to produce the institution. After becoming a partner with him in 1768, he created a small testing agency with Joseph Black's loan, and the following year obtained a patent known for the New Development Act, which reduces steam and fuel consumption in a thermal engine. In the meantime, Watt became a surveyor in 1766, and for the next eight years he continued to work on the path of a canal built in Scotland, which prevented him from advancing the steam engine. After Robert went bankrupt in 1772, M. Bolton, a manufacturer of the Soho plant in Birmingham, patented Watt. Tired of surveying and Scotland, Watt moved to Birmingham in 1774. After his patent rights were extended by Congress, in 1775 he began a partnership with Bolton that lasted for the next 25 years, and Bolton's financial support allowed the agency to make rapid progress. In 1776, the two institutions were the pumping station of the Staffordshire coal mine and the famous steelmaker J. It was installed in Wilkinson's Row for blast. That year, Watt remarried his second wife, A. McGregor, and had two more children. After that, he spent five years in Cornwall until 1781, installing and supervising a number of pump engines in copper and tin mines, where managers wanted to reduce fuel costs. As a non-businessman, he had to endure intense negotiations to get a decent fee for the new agency. In 1780, he was financially safe, but Bolton had problems with capital accumulation. Bolton, who predicted a new market for corn, malt and cotton plants the following year, encouraged Watt to devise a rotating motion of a steam engine that would replace the existing reciprocating motion. This problem was solved in 1781 by devising a so-called planetary gear device in which the axis rotates twice for each cycle of the engine. In 1782, at the height of his invention, he was patented as a double-acting organ in which pistons were simultaneously pushed and pulled. The agency needed a new way to connect the moving beam and the piston securely. He solved this problem in 1784 with the invention of a horizontal motion device (a device that combines a rod that guides the piston rod to vertical motion), which he described as "the most genius and simple piece of device I have ever invented". Four years later, following Bolton's proposal, he completed the actual watt engine with the use of a centrifuge that automatically controls the speed of the engine and a pressure gauge invented in 1790. The demand for late wattage institutions rapidly appeared in paper mills, mills, cotton mills, steel mills, distilleries, canals, and water supplies. He became rich for 11 years until 1790, receiving 76,000 pounds in patent fees, but the steam engine did not capture all of his attention. He was a member of the Luner Society in Birmingham, a group of writers and scientists hoping for the advancement of science and art. He tested the strength of materials, and his proceedings were frequently involved in patent protection. In 1785, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London with Bolton. From this point on, Watt began to take time off by buying land in Doldaulod, Radnorshire, and gradually retired from business in 1795. In 1800, he established a new Wat & Bolton Company in 1794 as his retirement approached, as well as the expiration of the patent and partnership, which built a Soho foundry to make the steam engine more complete. At this time, James, the Watt deficit, caused problems. James, a young sympathizer of the French Revolution, was criticized by Congress for releasing a letter from the Constitutional Council of Manchester to the Constitutional Council of Paris. Two years later, he returned home from political charges and took over the management of the new company with Bolton's son, Matthew. Watt's long retirement was depressed by the death of his son, Gregory, and many close friends. Nevertheless, when the Treaty of Amiens was signed in 1802, he traveled with his wife to Scotland, France, and Germany, where he continued his research in the attic of his home, where he made sculptural machines to recreate the busts of his friends. He also served as an advisor to the Grasgowater Company. His work was widely recognized during his lifetime, becoming a Ph.D. in law from the University of Glasgow in 1806 and a foreign associate of the French Academy of Sciences in 1814, and a quasi-Boner was awarded, but he refused.

Come to think of it, I think the Byzantine Empire and Korea are similar

 These days, I feel that the Byzantine Empire and our country (the people)?I'm finding out that has a similar history. As you know, the Byzantine Empire is a country that spans Europe and Asia.Although the capital is geographically good for the region (because of Constantinople), you know that the Byzantine Empire was frequently visited by European and Asian peoples, right? We are also in a position to benefit from trade and commercial interests due to the regional conditions of the peninsula, but (China-Japan brokerage trade alone makes a lot of money).The most representative case is Baekje, Unified Silla, and Goryeo?) Thanks to that, you know that it is a tragic history of being dog-tourism by mainlanders and islanders, right? Doesn't he look like John Na? The Byzantines had the Balkan-Anatolian lineWe had a line of defense represented by the North-South Korean War in the Joseon Dynasty... ...and both countries had a brilliant history of war. (One man was a great empire for 1,000 years, was decisively mercenaryized by Turks, ruled for 400 years, helped, helped, and managed to live in Western Europe. There was a time when Han was the king of Northeast Asia during the Goguryeo period, and Baekje used to indirectly colonize the island country. During the Joseon Dynasty, they were back-tourism, continentalists were sightseeing, sown, pure blood was wiped out, 300 years later, they were completely taken over by the island nation, ruled for 35 years, and women were dragged to Japanese Military Sexual Slavery. Now it has become a country that is busy looking at neighboring countries due to the division of the two Koreas...) and the crisis situation of the country is quite similar. During Heraklius, the entire empire was dog-tourismed by Persia = Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592. Saracen's Great Invasion of the Byzantine Empire, Siege of Constantinople = Goguryeo's defense centered on a sit-in against the Sui army. Justinian's foreign expedition = Gwanggaeto the Great's Battle of Manzikert = This can be compared to the Battle of Yongin during the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592. The war with Bulgars = Hundreds of years of dog-watching by the Fourth Cross = Goryeo was dog-tourism by the Mongols. (Of course, there was a slight difference in the process, but one was weak after 50 years of development, and the other ended up as if it were two hands and son-in-law.)Especially the fact that younger brothers were more incompetent than older brothers. = Alexius VI - the ones who will sell their country. Basilius II = Gwanggaeto the Great - King Sejong = Constantine Monomacus - Cultural Monarch Justinian = Yeon Gaesomun - Great-looking Belisarius = Lee Soon-shin - Cheon Jae-jang. Other than that, there are a lot of similar guys... The three-line summary of the golden ceiling disappeared and the mosaic was painted with plaster, and the important buildings were demolished during the Japanese colonial period, and Gyeongbokgung Palace, where only Geunjeongjeon stands, is pathetic. The short clip shows the emperor who crushed 645,000 troops with 150,000 troops