Death of Yi Jun

 1) In this situation, the analysis of the "Lee Sang-seol Il-Basic" The Confucian texts of the three previous works of Lee Sang-seol are considered valuable materials for studying his writings as well as his life dedicated to the independence movement. Among them, "Lee Sang-seol-il-base" is a five-month diary of Lee Sang-seol, which was owned by Lee Wi-jong, one of the three secret agents, and is a five-month diary from the departure of Vladivostok on May 21, 1907 to London on October 30 of that year. It is thought that the period when Jang Ji-yeon read Lee Sang-seol's diary, which was owned by Yi Wi-jong, and abstracted him was from February to May 1908 when he was in exile in Vladivostok and was a commentator of the "Jo Newspaper". He left the "Sea Harbor Diary," an exile diary at this time, and according to this, he frequently contacts Yi Wi-jong, who came to the Hague and worked there. Although there is no direct mention of Lee Sang-seol's diary in the maritime diary, there is a record that he frequently visited Lee Wi-jong's accommodation, chatted, and sometimes enjoyed beer and Western food.14) Since Lee Sang-seol was active in the United States at that time, it can be judged that Lee Wi-jong, who first went to Primorsky, kept Lee Sang-seol's diary. It can be interpreted that Yi Wi-jong is a record of Hague affairs related to himself, and that Jang Ji-yeon kept or abstracted the Hague affairs, respectively, emphasizing the meaning of the last salvation diplomacy of the Korean Empire.   In any case, the "Lee Sang-seol-il Foundation", which is summarized in this way, can be seen as having the following content and meaning when analyzing it, although the amount is small. First, the schedule and activities before and after the Hague Incident are briefly but accurately described. In other words, the itinerary and activities of The Hague left Vladivostok on May 21 of that year and arrived in Petersburg on June 4, translating Lee Bum-jin's Wijong and Jangseo (Communist Book) and reading the book on the 19th of the month or Berlin. After that, on July 14, Lee Jun was "unhappy" and his remains were buried in the Hague Cemetery. Then, on July 17, Dr. H.B. Hulbert from England visited London on July 20, waited for a ship to America, and arrived in New York on August 1, where he worked. He then returned to Paris, France, in early September, to The Hague, where he held Lee Jun's funeral on 6 September, and again arrived in London on 30 October via Petersburg, Russia. 15) What is noteworthy here is that the envoy's departure from Vladivostok and arrival in the U.S. are not the same as other literature known so far, but the arrival of the envoy to the Hague, and the stopover and schedule were first revealed. In other words, the Samilsa Temple, which arrived in Petersburg on June 4, was equipped with a camp, translated the "Jangseo" there, arrived in Berlin on June 19, printed it, and arrived in the Hague on the 25th of the same month. After Lee Joon's death, Hulbert visited the U.S. on July 17, and it became clear that he went to New York by ship from London on the 20th, visited Lee Joon's funeral in The Hague again, met Lee Bum-jin in Petersburg, and arrived in London on October 30.   Second, the contents of Special Envoy Hague's activities have become clearer. (I) In anticipation of the support and support of the Russian government, which is the host of the 2nd U.S. Peace Conference, Lee Sang-seol and Lee Jun arrived in Petersburg more than half a month ago, they went into the Foreign Ministry's "hidden" Hague, the next day He refused and could not meet, and on the 30th, the next day, he met with representatives of the United Kingdom, the United States, France, and Germany to appeal for support, but was rejected. The next day, he visited Pope, the vice-president of the Netherlands, but was rejected. Finally, he sent a letter to Dutch Foreign Minister M. Van Tets for an interview, but he sent his secretary to say that his remarks at the peace conference were difficult and that the direct purpose of the mission was not achieved.17) After the war, however, he was widely known to journalists from all over the world and was busy responding to them every day. 18) In particular, British William T. Stead, sponsored by the International Association, published the full text of the "Courrier de la Conference," especially on July 9.19) At the meeting of this association.Stead, chairman of the International Association and editor of the Peace Conference, hosted the event in support of the Korean representative and impressed and praised not only the renowned journalists from each country, but also the representatives and their entourage. This emotional situation is reported by the "Haagsche Courant" magazine published by The Hague as follows.     The Korean delegation, consisting of Lee Joon, Lee Sang-seol, and Lee Wi-jong, became a VIP of the International Association at Princess Grat 6A last night. Many interested people, including prominent figures, were waiting to hear what was not heard at Binnenhof's peace conference: a Korean appeal for the violent destruction of Korean independence. There was a brief mention of William T. Stead's recent history of Korea. He pointed out that the Netherlands is not responsible for South Korea not being invited, but that this is just a logical consequence of the violence committed. Yi Wei-jong, a young man with dark hair and yellow skin who looked very compassionate, looked very similar to the Java people and tried to inform Europeans of the Japanese brutality and atheism as they knew well-educated Japanese.       After the Russo-Japanese War, the second marquis demanded the conclusion of a treaty from the Korean emperor. The Japanese government has taken over diplomatic control over Korea, including Seoul's oversight of the implementation of the treaty with other countries, representation abroad, and the right to deploy garrison and government officials to all parts of the country.       The Korean emperor said that such an important treaty should be discussed first at the Daishin meeting. Ministers and senior officials were indignant and refused, but rather said they would do it themselves. At that time, the Japanese military surrounded the palace in layers, and several high-ranking ministers faithfully gave the Japanese the seal of the minister. The Japanese pressed the seal on the treaty document and legalized the treaty in such a way.       Despite the treaty guaranteeing the independence and dignity of the Korean imperial family, the emperor was imprisoned like a sinner in the palace. Ministers were abused and threatened to kill, newspapers were suppressed and protests were disbanded or suppressed.       The appeal to foreign ambassadors in Seoul was ineffective, and a member of the royal family (Min Young-hwan) committed suicide and wrote a protest in blood. They explained that to prove how humiliating a nation feels and how much it should suffer at a time when it has lost its independence, each of them sells their valuable goods to help pay off their government bonds, even women sell their hair, and even children offer money to buy snacks or toys.       Recognizing that the meeting did not provide any help, Yi Wi-jong asked for the international awareness of the importance of Korean independence and for it to be planned.       Stead, on behalf of the Japanese editor of the Japanese newspaper in New York, informed that the Treaty of 1905 was a legal document, ending the existence of the dynasty.     The South Korean envoy said representation is trustworthy, contrary to Lee's statement. Mrs. Van Suttner said she sympathized and hoped the meeting would accept such an appeal as a Korean appeal, and that the world army would repent of preventing such violence.       Brooshoft, the editor-in-chief of The Locomotive, suggested sympathy for Korea and anger toward Japan. This is because the chairman was a servant of an empire that did the same thing as Japan, which committed robbery, and could not express anger toward other countries. Fried argued that the name of any ethnic group should not be used and that it causes international hatred. All Europeans have a guilty conscience of violence and are particularly concerned about the United States. If it was successful, it was because it moved national hatred of Japan.     The action proposal was accepted, and it was announced that the amendment proposed by Polish journalists was merely sympathy for the Korean people and hope for a meeting. Thus, the revised action was almost unanimously accepted and the envoy expressed his appreciation.)20) After the speech at the International Association of Yi Wi-jong, newspapers from each country discussed the situation of Korea every day, resulting in public opinion of "suppression of Korea." Nevertheless, representatives of each country did not achieve the purpose of gambling by using the pretext of public rites and "magical dance", according to Lee Sang-seol-il Foundation as follows.     I've also been able to speak. Lee Wi-jong made a speech in French, so there were many spectators. Newspapers from each country discussed the situation of Korea every day, while expressing "the designation of the billion-day part." However, representatives of each country performed "magical dance" under the guise of public rites. 』 21)Third, the cost of using Hague Saga, which is not mentioned in other literature, is stated as "20,000 won." 22) According to several known Japanese records, Emperor Gwangmu gave 200,000 won in internal affairs when he dispatched a special envoy from Seoul, but was embezzled in the middle, or 23) the special envoy was not properly received due to the restriction of the Japanese Consulate. 24) On the other hand, according to Kim Hyun-gu's "Black" (Jeong Soon-man) oil field, Lee Sang-seol and Lee Jun were paid 18,000 won from the Korean community in Yeonju when they left for Petersburg from Vladivostok.25) Fourth, the three envoys strongly suggest that unlike the previous discussions 26) until Lee Jun died on July 14, they carried out their own activities in the Hague without direct help from H. B. Hulbert. The day Hulbert went to the Hague and visited the secret temple was recorded as July 17, the day after Lee Jun died on July 14 and was buried in the Hague land on July 16, three days later. Furthermore, the secretaries left Hulbert and The Hague to discuss their work in the United States and to part ways and meet in New York.27) described. Thus, in C.N. Weems' "Homer B. Hulbert Biographical Draft", although there was no confirmation that Hulbert was secretly staying in the Hague between June 24, 1907 and July 10, 1907, when Hulbert arrived in the Hague, the capital of the Netherlands. On June 25, a meeting of the First Subcommittee on the peaceful resolution of international problems was held at the same time as the opening of the first plenary session. Korean envoys attended the first subcommittee to demand that the overall issue of Japan's illegality, which paralyzes the Korean government's functions and hinders normal diplomatic activities, be dealt with. Although the official report of the Peace Conference does not officially state that the proposal was rejected, it reports the chairman of the first subcommittee's remarks that dealing with political issues is not the normal responsibility of the subcommittee. Another interesting fact is that the Chinese representatives, who clearly understand the purpose of the Korean secretaries, did not attend the meeting under the pretext that the chief delegate was ill, fearing the embarrassing situation of having to sit on the sidelines when the proposal was rejected. Also, the Japanese delegates who were scheduled to attend were not present, probably because they wanted to secure a position to deny the prayers of the Korean envoys as a whole before Japan's chief butchers received instructions from Tokyo and insisted that they were the official envoys of Emperor Gojong.What is described as 28) is almost unbelievable.   2) Lee Jun's "Ja-jeong" and "Lee Sang-seol-il Foundation" are fifth, describing important contents that will explain Lee Jun's death. Until the 1960s, Lee Joon's death had been conflicted with the theory that he committed suicide by halbok and that he did not, but the theory of halbok suicide weakened after the literature supporting the latter theory and the press releases of various local newspapers, including the Peace Conference.29) In particular, after the National History Compilation Committee formed a Lee Joon-sa Investigation Committee to collect and discuss domestic and foreign data, it became more likely that this was not the case than the Halbok suicide theory.30) However, according to the records of this theory, there has been a mixture of rumors of a gain from facial abscess and a heart attack that does not.31) Lee Sang-seol-il Foundation mentions Lee Jun's autograph as follows. In other words, after Lee Wi-jong's speech at the International Association, each country's newspapers discussed the Korean situation every day, causing public opinion, but each country's members did not vaguely respond by recommending a courtesy. Therefore, Lee Jun became "Ubunul-eup" to stop eating, and as a result, he became ill and became "unhappy" on July 14.332 said. This is consistent with Lee's testimony in the Hague on July 18 and published in the Hague Peace Conference on July 20 after he briefly returned to Petersburg shortly after his speech at the International Association.     Losing Lee Joon is a huge loss to me or rather a huge loss for our country. He was a man of steel. However, Japanese martial arts hurt his patriotic spirit so much that he could no longer survive. I had an abscess, but it didn't really matter. Lee Jun didn't eat anything for many days before he died. On the day of his fate, he was asleep as if he had lost consciousness. Then he suddenly stood up and cried out.------- help our country. Japan is trampling on our country!This was the last will.Lee Jun, who was normally healthy, suffered an abscess on his cheek, but it was not a cause of death, and the anxiety of not protecting his country from the violent and cruel disaster committed by Japan was angry and amazed, so he stopped eating.34) Therefore, Lee Jun, even if he did not commit harbok suicide, was praised as a martyr who died as he wished, not only without defect but also natural.   In this way, the place where Lee Jun, who left his country after being smuggled by Emperor Gwangmu, "Hotel De Jong" of Wagenstraat 124 where the three secret agents had been accustomed to since the arrival of the Hague.35) The hotel, which doubles as a hotel, cafe and restaurant, is certainly not a first-class hotel, but it is presumed to have been a mid-class hotel at the time, unlike the "name-only hotel" of a Japanese journalist's testimony, Ga-a. 36) The two envoys, Lee Sang-seol and Lee Wi-jong, who survived after Lee Joon's death, embarked on a trip to each country, a journey already planned before the Hague mission. Therefore, Lee Jun's remains, who later visited the cemetery to rebel against his homeland, were buried in the Niuw Eiken Duinen Cemetery on September 6 of that year, accompanied by Pastor Yun Byung-gu and Lee Jun's younger brother, Lee Wijong.37) On September 5, Lee Sang-seol paid $102.75 and signed a contract to use the permanent cemetery.38) The Hague's "Haagsche Courant" reported the situation as follows on September 5, the day before the funeral.     As is known, one of the Koreans (Lee Joon), who appealed for the legitimacy of Korean independence shortly after the opening of the Peace Conference, died here. The deceased was the Pyeongriwon Prosecutor in Seoul, who was temporarily buried in the cemetery of Nieuw Eikenduinen. At 11 a.m. tomorrow, the remains will be buried in Dutch soil. The Yi Hwang tribe (Wijong), who stayed here, does not want to ask the Japanese government for permission to return to their homeland and bury the remains of Yi Jun.39)In addition, on September 6, the day of the funeral, the Dongji reported as follows.     The remains of Lee Jun, who died shortly after the peace conference as a member of the Korean envoy at Nieuw Eikenduinen Cemetery this morning, were buried. Around the open cemetery were the envoys and the deceased's brother, Yin Yi. A.E. Baron Mackay, chairman of The Hague's Youth Christian Association, spoke in memory of the man who was president of The Christian Young People's Club from the Far East, and then a Korean sang hymns in Korean. The chief of the envoy (referred to Lee Sang-seol, the true messenger), honored the deceased as a "combat for the independence of the motherland." A wreath with a hanging ribbon reading "To Our Best Friends and Brothers" was in the back and the funeral ended when the garland was placed on the ground. As previously reported, the Korean envoys who stayed at the Jong Hotel in Wagensstraat Street, The Hague, left for Petersburg this evening.Lee Sang-seol commemorated his loyalty by reciting the following poems around this time.     "The noble Chunggol grinds the sky blue, but a great anger falls in front of my eyes, so I can't accomplish my work yet, and you die first, so I'm left alone and the tears flowing through my stomach fill my stomach." 41) http://www.independence.or.kr/NEW/media_data/thesis/1988/198801.html

Daereungwon, Silla, Gyeongju

 Daereungwon is one of five historic sites in Gyeongju that were registered as UNESCO's World Heritage Site in 2000. In other words, it is called Daereungwon District. The name Daereungwon is related to King Michu. King Michu is the 13th king, whose surname is Kim and descendants of Talhae. In "The Three Kingdoms," King Michu dispatched five officials to each of the people to listen to the joys and sorrows of the people. There is a record that when I returned after 23 years of ascension, I had a funeral in Daereung," and the name Daereungwon originated from this. The total area is 125,400 pyeong, and 23 tombs of kings, queens, and nobility of the Silla Dynasty are gathered. The tombs are unique tombs of the Silla Dynasty, all located on flat land, and notable among the Daereungwon are Cheonmachong, which has an open interior, Michuwangneung, which has a story to name Daereungwon, and Hwangnamdaechong, the largest tomb in Gyeongju. Cheonmachong Tomb was excavated in 1973, with 8,766 ornaments, 1,234 weapons, 504 harnesses, 226 bowls, and 796 others, with a total of 11,500 artifacts excavated. Some of them are stored in the annex of the Gyeongju National Museum, and what attracts particular attention is the gold crown and Cheonma Dojangni. The gold crown is the thickest gold plate among the gold crowns of the Silla Dynasty discovered so far, and the composition of gold is excellent. In addition, Cheonma Dojangni is the most surprising relic of the Cheonmachong Tomb. Jangni is a covering covering on both sides of the horse's stomach, and was also used as an ornament in addition to blocking soil or dust. The birch bark is layered in several layers to draw a flying Cheonma on a noobin with skillful skill, and it is of great significance that it is the only art work of Go Silla, where no painting materials have been found so far. The reason why this ancient tomb was named Cheonmachong is because of this, and now the inside of the tomb is restored and disclosed so that these can be seen. And Cheonmachong Tomb deserves to be a faithful example of how to build the ancient tomb. First, the ground was selected, and the place where the wooden framework was placed was dug about 40cm deep, and a stream stone the size of an adult's head was laid, and clay was crushed throughout the bottom of the basin to form a foundation of about 15cm thick. And on top of it, a stream stone was laid about 50cm wide and 40cm high to make a kind of pedestal, and a wooden fence of 6.6m east-west, 4.2m north-south, and 2m high was placed. In other words, the neck is eventually placed on the ground. Stones were stacked on and around the neckline to be 23.6m in diameter and 7.5m in height, and clay was applied to a thickness of 20cm to prevent water from seeping into the interior. Inside the coffin, a 2.15m x 1m long wooden coffin was placed from east to west, and a 1.8m x 1m x 0.8m long wooden block of burial items was placed 50cm away from the tip of the east head. The relics of the excavated ornaments are consistently made of pure gold, and the stables that can be identified are rare that have not been excavated until now. Hwangnamdaechong Tomb, also known as Tomb No. 98, is a huge tomb with an east-west length of 80m, a north-south length of 120m, and a height of 25m, curved like a camel. According to records from an excavation survey in 1975, the tomb in the north was the tomb of a man in the south of a woman. From the state that the hoseok is interlocked, it can be seen that the southern tomb was built first, and then the northern tomb was connected. In the northern part of the country, thousands of jewelry such as gold crowns, necklaces, palms, and grain jade were found, and in the southern part, more than 24,000 artifacts, mainly weapons, were poured out. In the tomb of the southern tomb, the ground was slightly dug as much as the range of the main wall, a large stream was laid, and fine gravel was laid on it again to build a foundation, and the main wall was placed on the ground, and the vice was just a floor. A double coffin was placed in the center of the coffin. Relics came from various places, including the inside of the interior and exterior, and on the top of the inside and the main walls, and in the interior, accessories, and bamboo, etc. were made of gold bowls, glass bowls, and bottles between the exterior and the crown. A large jar was placed on the front of the floor on the quay, and a horse saddle, an iron ax, etc. was placed on it. The abdomen only has a double tube in the neck, but there is no separate impact, and the burial items were filled in the empty spaces such as the neck, the burial parts between the neck and the neck, and the upper part of the neck. Unlike the southern tomb where the gilt-bronze crown and silver crown came out, various gold ornaments such as gold belts came out of the coffin, and a large amount of luxurious artifacts were excavated from the upper part of the neckline, with ten pairs of gold ring earrings. Michuwangneung Royal Tomb is Historic Site No. 175 and is a circular mound. It is 56.7m in diameter and 12.4m in height, and is also called Jukhyeonneung and Jukjangneung, which are related to the story handed down during the reign of King Yurye of Silla. It was during the 14th King Yurye. Lee Seo-guk, an enemy, came in and was in trouble, but soldiers with bamboo leaves in their ears appeared from somewhere, quickly defeating the enemy and avoiding an emergency situation, and disappeared somewhere. The soldiers of Silla considered it strange and examined the whereabouts of the bamboo leaves, and the bamboo leaves were wrapped high in front of the tomb of King Michu. After that, the tomb of King Michu was called Jukhyeonneung or Jukjangneung. After that, whenever there was a national crisis, rituals were held here. References Korean Cultural Heritage Exploration Society, "Guide to Exploration Tour 2, Gyeongju", Seoul: Stone Pillow, 2000.

The martyr Lee Jun was pro-Japanese group? [Park Noja's East Asia that we didn't know]

 The martyr Lee Jun was pro-Japanese group? [Park Noja's East Asia that we didn't know] He was arrested for fighting against Japan. Perhaps it is because the weight of the "Dynastic Hero" ▣ Park No-ja, a professor at Oslo National University in Norway, and the social "agreement" in Korean studies, is overwhelming. Usually, we tend not to know variously about a person who is set as a 'hero' or to dig into his contradictions. As it is now, 100 years ago, the "Hero's Hospitality" was grander. For example, let's look at the case of Min Young-hwan (1861-1905), who is famous for committing suicide while opposing the Japan-Korea Treaty of 1905 in 1905. About eight months after he committed suicide, it became the talk of the town that a blue porridge called blood porridge rose in the room where there was bloodstained clothes, and Min Young-hwan's "blood-filled patriotism" symbolized by enlightenment figures was praised as a war criminal of "national" behavior. The newspaper, "The Blood Porridge," said, "Amazing and exciting, our people.Min Young-hwan, who was said to have performed miracles after his death by saying, "Let's do it after rebuilding Korea," was used as a teacher of the "foolish and poor people." In an era when the country was collapsing, Min Young-hwan, who showed resistance even in the passive form of suicide, could not help but be seen as a military science in contrast to a number of high-ranking masterpieces consistent with pro-Japanese or self-defenseism. However, there was also a fact that the media, such as "Daehan Maeil Shinbo," who took the lead in making Min Young-hwan's hero, never mentioned it. Min Young-hwan, the son of Min Gyeom-ho (1838-82), who was killed in the war due to greed, became the third-class Sungkyunkwan University president at the age of 22, and was able to serve as deputy Hong Moon-kwan, Lee Jo-pan-seo, and Byung-jo-pan-seo (Minister of Defense). If you get ahead by "back," your desire will be extraordinary. In Jeon Bong-joon (1854~95)'s confession (newspaper record), Min Young-hwan is pointed out as the main player in the trade magic and corruption scandal. There is no way to confirm the extent to which it is true now, but it would not have been groundless at all as Min Young-hwan was trusted by King Gojong and Min-bi, who presided over the brokerage in the early 1890s. △ Mr. Lee Joon (left), who was dispatched to the Hague Peace Conference (right), created a "hero legend" in Korea, such as Lee Joon, who committed suicide in front of the representative of the world, due to worsening chronic diseases. It is worth remembering that Min's important achievements include diplomatic activities in Russia, Europe, and Japan, and the "openness" of close relations with enlightened organizations such as the Independence Association (unusual as Min's clan), but his pro-U.S. policy ended in failure. Relying on the U.S. was the wish of King Gojong and his aides to strike a balance between Russia and Japan, but the U.S., which had already ruled in favor of Japan, would not listen to Rhee Syng-man's plea at the end of 1904 due to the secret of Min Young-hwan and King Gojong. In the end, Min Young-hwan's suicide was the declaration of bankruptcy of King Gojong and his aides' "maintenance route of independence through diplomacy" who tried to request foreign powers while exploiting the people. Min Young-hwan, who thought he would die in time, was a hero of the dynasty who emphasized more on loyalty to King Gojong, or "Chung-gun," which gave him wealth, rather than "patriotism," which means love for the people. What made him a "hero of the people" was part of the "Making the People" campaign such as "Daehan Maeil Shinbo," which reinterpreted him as a "model modern man" by praising the grimness of death and the pro-American orientation of birth. Min Young-hwan committed suicide to take responsibility for the failure of the dynastic diplomacy centered on the dispatch of secret agents, but one of the main characters in the Hague case, which is the final chapter of diplomacy, was Lee Jun (1858-1907) known through school textbooks. How did Lee Jun gain the confidence of King Gojong? We know him only as a martyr by memorizing the textbook, but we don't have the same question as how Lee Jun, who was born to a local noble family in Bukcheong, Hamgyongnam-do, gained the confidence of King Gojong. In addition, Lee Sang-seol (1870-1917), who was on the path of secret history together, once served as a professor and director of Sungkyunkwan because of his reputation as an oil Lee Wi-jong (1887-1911), a self-taught great Protestant, lived in Russia with his father Lee Beom-jin (1852-1911), who graduated from the French Military Academy and served as a constructionist, while Lee Jun's major educational backgrounds were from the pro-Japanese government (November 10, 1895) and Waseda, JapanOne law study at a university (1896-98) is all. Anti-Japanese by Protestant Confucianists and Western-oriented enlightenment groups is easily understood, but very few Japanese-educated people stood in the ranks of anti-Japanese. Furthermore, at the time of the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War, Lee Jun (like many enlightenmentists infected with Asianism at the time) recognized that Japan "protects Korea's independence from Russia as the same yellow race" and was taken to collect donations to "comfort" and "show gratitude to Japan." How did a person who was once arrested for "pro-Japanese" become a martyr to "anti-Japanese" later? △ As Lee Yong-ik dies suddenly, Lee Sang-seol, Lee Joon, and Lee Wi-jong (from left) head to the Hague. They tried to deliver the secret letter (right) given by King Gojong to England through a reporter from the British Tribune. Although Japan's victory over "White Russia" was a relief, Lee Jun's aggression was exposed to the "wasteland reclamation plan," the main group Iljinhoe's manipulation, and torture politics that violated Korea's national sovereignty. Min Young-hwan, who became Lee Jun's guardian since the late 1890s and participated in a secret association called the Reform Party in 1902, also influenced the diplomatic response to the invasion of Japan, but it was important that Lee Yong-ik (1854-1907), a native of Hamgyeong-do, managed huge slush funds at home. In the case of Gongjinhoe, which was created in December 1904 based on a peddler's organization to fight Iljinhoe under the leadership of Lee Joon and others, it is highly likely that it was operated with court funds through Lee Yong-ik. A local enlightenment organization called the Hanbukheung Society, established in late October 1906 by enlightened figures from Hamgyeong-do, including Lee Joon and Lee Dong-hwi (1873-1935), who will become a visionary of Korean communism, is also believed to have received funds from Lee Yong-ik. Like Lee Dong-hwi, Lee Jun, who recognized Christianity as a "civilized religion that will enlighten and raise the country in the era of survival competition," eventually communicated directly with the court through Pastor Jeon Deok-ki (1875-1914) and received a power of attorney from King Gojong. Originally, Lee Yong-ik, his benefactor, was supposed to go to the Hague Peace Conference, but Lee Yong-ik died suddenly on February 24, 1907, so Lee Sang-seol, Lee Jun, and Lee Wi-jong were responsible for the Hague trip. Feeling unbearable anger at the fact that the representatives of the great powers did not listen to the situation of Joseon, Lee Jun died in The Hague due to a sudden deterioration of the chronic disease in his cheek. However, in Korea, where the true meaning of the journey to the Hague was not known due to Japanese censorship, "hero legends" such as Lee Joon killing himself in front of the representative of the world were almost recognized as facts until the early 1960s. Lee Jun must have been a hero who belatedly saw through the aggressiveness of Japan, which he thought was "the same race" by spraying with a chronic disease in The Hague, and went on a rough path of secret death without thinking of life and property. Instead of taking the lead in the anti-Japanese civic movement by using the Joseon people as their own citizens, what about the imperial and Min's ethnic groups such as Gojong, Min Young-hwan, and Lee Yong-ik, who poured funds collected through monopoly and exploitation into secret diplomacy? It was the Japanese invasion and the indifference of the powers that drove Yi Jun into the division, but it was the anti-historical attitude of the imperialists who only considered the people and the nation as personal property and relied on the powers. This was ultimately doomed to a crushing defeat

meat eating in the Joseon Dynasty

 The Joseon government pushed for a policy to curb slaughter so strong that it could be banned by establishing laws. There is a phrase like this in the "Economic Yukjeon," a law code in the early Joseon Dynasty. "Eating is the basis of the people, and the grain comes from the power of cattle, so this article established a golden sword-book, and China prohibits the sale of beef, so it is to value farming and enrich the people's livelihood." (Sejongsillok, Feb. 4, 7). In other words, even when the government office called Geumsaldogam was established, the slaughter of cows was prevented and the practice was strong. In 1411 (11th year of King Taejong's reign), Sinbaekjeong, who specializes in slaughtering cows, was kicked out of the city wall 90 ri. However, it could not make human desire to light meat disappear to this extent. In the 7th year of King Sejong's reign, Shin Baek-jeong returned to the capital and was engaged in the slaughter industry. The Ministry of Hanseong is asking to expel them to the beach and to judge that those who buy and eat dense beef should be governed by Jeoseo Yuyuyul (February 4, 7th, "Sejong Silok"). Despite these laws and administrative measures, cattle slaughter and beef consumption have never stopped. Let's look at some of the appeals of Bujehak Lee Geukgi on July 30, the 4th year of King Seongjong's reign. "There are definitely laws against slaughtering cattle, but how can all these meat die on its own, as it is often used by government houses to feed the cattle or the poor in the morning and evening at their homes in Seoul? Since these things have been repeated day by day, I am afraid that the livestock of farmers everywhere will gradually disappear." The ban on beef consumption was a law that could never be observed. Since then, there have been constant problems over the consumption of beef. The punishment was also strengthened, and the person who caught the cow "without justifiable reason" was even sentenced to the death of Jeon Ga-sa Temple (April 20, 2011 of "Arithmetic"), but it was not possible to quell the human desire to light the meat. The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty have a lot of information about beef, but you can't pick it up here. However, the law existed but was not followed, and the crackdown was sometimes strengthened and then loosened. The reason is that the main class consuming beef was none other than the ruling class of Joseon. But why am I talking about beef all of a sudden? If you want to eat beef, you have to have a cattle butcher and a distribution process. Surprisingly, little is known about this point. When you think of the slaughter of cows, you will think of butcher, and when you think of butcher, you will think of Im Kkeokjeong, a butcher in Yangju created by Hong Myung-hee. Anyone who knows something more will recall the social discrimination inflicted on the butchers and the movement for equity to resolve it. This is also an important issue. But what I'm really curious about is not such a sociological issue, but the production and distribution of beef, which is who slaughtered it when and what needs it was, what price it sold through what distribution network, and how it was consumed. It's kind of a life history issue. Seoul is particularly interesting. It goes without saying that Seoul was the largest consumer of beef since it is the most densely populated city in Joseon. Who slaughtered Seoul's cows and how they were distributed? This is what this article is trying to clarify. Was the butcher in charge of that? As pointed out earlier, the butcher was ousted from downtown Seoul in the early Joseon Dynasty. Then, which class was involved in the slaughter of cattle and the distribution of beef other than the butcher? Now let's talk about this. Since there are no detailed circumstances in the early Joseon Dynasty, what this article talks about is after the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592. Seoul, which has 500 cows slaughtered a day, is the largest densely populated city of the Joseon Dynasty and has the highest standard of living, so of course, the level of food and cooking is no match for other places. Since Seoul is not a production place, of course, almost all foodstuffs were supplied from areas or provinces outside of Seoul. It was the city where these foods were distributed. Along with the founding of Joseon, Sijeon was an official market established by the state to meet the needs of the state, the royal family, and Seoul citizens. Analyzing the items sold in the city hall, it is possible to infer the daily life of Seoul citizens of the time, and even Joseon people. Among them, I will deal with food, which is my interest, but I will only look at meat. Yu Bon-ye introduces the types of poetry and sales items in detail in the "City Exhibition" of Seoul's humanities geography, "Hangyeongjichik," and here comes the types of meat sold in downtown Seoul. The rest of the beef is as follows. Saengchijeon is located at the fish gate of Geonchijeon. It is located in Gwangtonggyo Bridge. Egg pancakes are also next to it. Low meat pancake - it's in several places. Raw and dried pheasants are raw and dry. The pheasant was probably caught by hunting. pheasant meat, chicken, and pork were being sold to Seoul citizens. The above is the type of meat sold in Seoul City, excluding beef. Except for pheasants, it is no different from now. However, considering that there are many meat pancakes in various places, it can be seen that pork was consumed more than pheasants and chickens. Now let's look at the beef side. Park Je-ga says this about Seoul's beef consumption in Bukhak-eui. According to statistics, 500 cows are slaughtered every day in our country. In order to use it for national memorial services or ho-gwe (comforting soldiers), 24 pubs in Seonggyungwan and five parts of Hanyang, and 300 government offices are opening meat stalls selling cattle." (Parkje, Anhoe Station, Stone Pillow, 2003 and 81 pages) I don't know if the number is small. From these figures, beef may have been the most consumed meat among various types of meat. Beef, as mentioned above, was consumed in state rituals and hogwe, and was also popular as a bribe. Of course, the end of all beef was to be cooked with food and put into the human mouth. Beef, in particular, served as a kind of seasoning for the people of Seoul. On the other hand, in the late 18th century, bars and restaurants appeared in the city of Seoul. Meat consumption in the city has increased. Come to think of it, seolleongtang and neobiani are Seoul foods. At that time, the population of Seoul was between 200,000 and 300,000 people, but considering the number of people who could consume beef, 24 butcher shops in Seoul are by no means a small number. Let's take a closer look at this butcher's shop during the Joseon Dynasty. These are Yoo Bon-ye's "Hangyeong Strategy," "Sijeon," and "Hyeonbang," which were cited earlier. Hyeonbang - a butcher who sells beef. It is called Hyeonbang because meat is sold by hanging. There are 23 places in and out of the city. All of them make Banmin earn a living by selling meat, and continue the side dishes of prenatal students with meat served as tax. Hyunbang is a butcher who specializes in selling only beef. Hyeonbang originally means hanging. It belongs to the city and is therefore an official shop licensed by the state. It is said that there are 23 places in and out of the city wall, and up to the inner side of the fortress in Seoul, it is called Seongjeosim-ri and belongs to the jurisdiction of the Hanseongbu. Therefore, it does not matter if there were 23 butcher shops in Seoul. However, Park Je-ga said there were 24 places in Bukhakui, but Yoo Bon-ye said there were 23 places, so it seems that one place has been reduced due to some circumstances. It seems that Hyun-bang existed until the end of the Joseon Dynasty. It is said that there were people who remembered during the Japanese colonial period. The following is data from the Japanese colonial era.   Now, the house that sells meat is called Suyuk Sales Office or Gwanjip, but on the previous day, it was called Darimbang. Darimbang is called Hyeonok in Chinese characters, and at that time, it was called Hyeonok because it was hung and caught. In addition, there was also a restriction on Hyeonok, so all of them had Oh Hyun-ok in Gyeongseong, which was the largest, and there were even decades ago.(Gyeongseong Eorok, 坤', ', September 1929) Hyeonbang was also written as Hyeonok, which was called Darimbang in Korean. The fact that there were a total of five prefectures in Gyeongseong means that this is probably the case in the memory of the above quote, a person from the Japanese colonial period.

a brief summary of Korean history

 The beginning of Korea's history is not known exactly, but it is considered to be the beginning of Gojoseon, which occupied 10,000 parts of the country centered on fluctuations. There may be a state before that, but only in the field history, 'delivery country' is recognized. Nevertheless, it is ironic that we call ourselves the 'delivery people'. At the end of the Gojoseon Dynasty, Buyeo, Goguryeo, and Baekje Silla were created one by one on Manchuria, and later the Three Kingdoms Period of Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla were established. Goguryeo used the entire Manchuria as its territory, and during its heyday, Silla was a subordinate state and destroyed Baekje. When Baekje was strong, it advanced to the Yoseo Shandong region and made the Yellow Coast the east coast. Silla was attached to Goguryeo, allied with Baekje, and attached to Su and Dang, and survived to the end even though it was a small country. Eventually, King Munmu Kim Chun-chu allied with the Tang Dynasty and destroyed Baekje Goguryeo with Gaya aristocrat Kim Yu-shin at the forefront. Silla's unification of the Three Kingdoms reduced the territory of the Korean people, but it is significant in that it is the first unification. However, many say it would have been nice if Goguryeo had been unified. There were countless Goguryeo people left in Manchuria. A general named Daejo-yeong leads them and joins forces with the Malgal people to establish Balhae after Goguryeo. On the Korean Peninsula, a general named Heukchisangji started the Baekje Revival Movement and restored almost the entire area of Baekje, but he returned to the Tang Dynasty knowing that it was realistic to help King Uija's eldest son Buyeo Yong. It creates the irony of defeating Tibet, overpowering the stone palace, and suppressing the difficulties of Seogyeong Industry to solidify the party's control of Central Asia. The Jjokbari sent troops to revive Baekje, but they were defeated by the Silla army and said, "The main fortress has fallen. As a result, Baekje's name was cut off. How can I go to the graves of my ancestors now? The people of Gyeong-do were all wailing, saying, "This is the second year of Emperor Cheonji in the Japanese Book of Records." He left these phrases behind. Goguryeo also had a violent revival movement, but it was suppressed and Balhae was later established. Balhae and Silla lived like enemies, but later exchanged. When Balhae was very strong, it threatened the capital of the Tang Dynasty, revealing its dignity worthy of the name "Haedongseongguk." Culture is also known to be very advanced. How can a nation be founded by a barbaric Malgal?Some nerds would not have been established by Goguryeo, so a loser or a dog-sounding shabu! In the late Silla period, the country was crushed by extreme corruption and enjoyment, and the era of the Later Three Kingdoms was held. In the Later Three Kingdoms Period, an interesting story proceeds as much as the Three Kingdoms of the Jjanggae, and Goryeo was established by Wang Geon. Goryeo is another name of Goguryeo. (Goryeo and Goguryeo are the same words) Later, Balhae collapsed and a large number of people migrated to Goryeo, and Goryeo hated the Gitan people who destroyed Balhae. Although Goryeo had few territories, its military power was superior enough to be called Goryeo. However, later, the country became impoverished and impoverished due to the Mongol invasion and the Kwon Mun-se people being coy. As a result, in the south, the jjokbal emitted light from piracy, revealing the inner aggression of the jjokbal. Later, Lee Seong-gye, an appendix and a dragon, revolts and establishes Joseon. In the early Joseon Dynasty, it was enterprising, such as planning to conquer Liaodong under the leadership of Jeong Do-jeon, but when Lee Bang-won became king, he became a country that had been steadfast until now, became extremely low and groveling to the Jina people. So Ji-hwa was intended to say, "If you stop China, there will be no war, and culture will prosper." Some nerds took it for granted that they would actually become China's buttocks... As Joseon intended, there were few wars during the Joseon Dynasty. In the meantime, culture has blossomed and Hangul, the world's pride, has been born, and DCN nerds still type in it. If it were not for Hangul, I would have had to put Jjanggae on the vending machine and write it in a row. However, Joseon, which enjoyed a peaceful era, suffered huge losses in cultural, human and property due to the invasion of monkeys from neighboring countries. At the end of the Joseon Dynasty, monkeys came in armed with guns and cannons, and the country was ruined, and the mother was killed with a knife. This is the Korean history that I scribbled down I know there are a lot of Japanese on this site. Bark at me I don't know what's wrong LOL Or the first ones should bark too. Woof woof woof woof woof woof woof woof woof woof woof woof woof woof woof woof woof woof woof woof. Bark if there's anything wrong

the heroic image of Hitler

 It's based on Prince Freud. Most of them are fascinated by Hitler's heroic images and mythological times. The pictures above are probably representative examples. There's a lot of praise that abstracts his image, whether it's a majestic atmosphere, gestures, a captivating speech, a heroic figure, or a single moment of history together. But as you all know, that's a built image. If you know what Hitler actually had in mind, most of the Princes of Freud in the country, Hitler would be frustrated. It's timid. When you make important historical decisions, you even run away. There's a kind of statue of Sayoko Kurosaki in Mahoraba. For example, when he decides to run for president, he stops contacting him and stays home for days. I spent the mid-20s going on vacation, and in the second half of the war, I ended up living in a delusion by myself, completely breaking ties with the miserable reality. The famous absolute defense, the fighting spirit, the frontman. And there's a real, incarnation of Prince Freud. I think I'm smart, but the outpouring of desire is too primitive. Instead of being so indifferent to libido, he acts like a representative of the true Princes of Freud. As a young man, he wanted to buy a luxury sports car in the 20s, he wanted to see German architecture as a piece of junk, and he wanted to find Germanic cultural origins in ancient Greece-Roman. In the late '30s, the architect and confidant Albert Speyer and his confidant won the prize, a massive dome that can accommodate more than 200,000 people, described how people gathered in the dome could become clouds and rain, and how the empire collapsed. In addition, the arch, which is three times larger than the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, and the world's largest bridge of clouds remain. The Forbidden City-Dongdaepa of Rebel dares not come forward. But it's entirely his ability to dilute all those fatal weaknesses and make them a hero only in the world. At that time, the concept of image making was not that advanced. The propaganda that he created in that barren land was the basis of modern propaganda. He identified himself with the image he had created, eliminating the shabby self and reaching the point of self-hypnosis where he recognized himself as a hero himself. It is said that actors have to be the characters themselves if they want to act best, but Hitler's image-making was at the level of a main position that was hard to dare to imitate. According to Juralon, which was improvised 10 seconds ago, the mitinome is only criticized, but the super-strong mitinome turns everyone into mitinum together. But it's still an image. Historical figures - especially as we approach Adolf Hitler, we don't recognize this fact, or we often show unconditional hostility. The fallacy of dealing with a unique human being that is indispensable in world history. Personally, when you approach a human being, Adolf Hitler, you have to recognize that bizarre trait to see the true image of him. I think we need a similar view of other historical facts. Then there will be fewer more unproductive fights. I'm using it because it broke down all of a sudden again today.

the pampered spirit of Henry IV of France

 I became interested in Henry IV, the king of France, because I liked that word. It seems to show the king's warm interest in the people... ...and I wonder if there is such a warm king in harsh medieval Europe... ...and it turns out that Louis XIII is the king of the late 16th and early 17th centuries. What's the big deal about Louis XIII? I don't know, but what's really great is his Chancellor, Cardinal Richelieu... ...in the mid-17th century, intervening in Germany's Thirty Years' War, devastating Germany and making France a centralized European power. The early 19th century Dumas novel "The Three Musketeers" shows that there's nothing between Richelieu and Louis XIII-Century John... ...or gunmen and guardsmen fighting each other... ...but that's not true. At the time of Richelieu's death, Louis took care of himself and fed him with egg yolks... ...a powerful right-hand man and fatherly man. Then Louis XIV the famous Sun King and his regent Cardinal Mazarain... ...and when Mazarain died and Louis XIV became an adult, he made a name for himself as the Sun King. We built the Palace of Versailles. In the 18th century, his son, Louis XV, played with his concubine, Mrs. Pompadour, and went to war with Germany... ...and eventually his grandson, Louis XVI, failed to recover and broke his finances... ...was executed in the French Revolution with his wife Marie-Antoinette. I'm familiar with the Louis series of France, the glorious empire of the 17th and 8th centuries. Personally, compared to Germany, Richelieu = Bismarck, King of the Sun = Wilhelm II, Napoleon = Hitler....................... (in fact, all are idiots except Richelieu and Bismarck.) The glory was after Henry IV had established some base before Richelieu. Hereditary monarchs except for the second-in-command are usually fools, but were they smart monarchs... called King Sejong of France. The short clip is "Queen Margot," a movie set in that era. Nostradamus, the famous French prophet of Jewish descent, is also from that time. I'm sure you've met Henry IV. ==================================================== Perming. The Huguenots Wars (1562–98), which began as a religious civil war between the New and Old in France in the 16th century, were not easily resolved due to the complicated intervention of foreign powers and the interests of princes, as was the German Thirty Years' War. Guise was the head of the Old Church of War, Henri de Navarre/1553-1610 and Henri de Navarre/1553–1610 and Henri II's Kathryn de Medicis, known as Machiavellian, who was busy coordinating both sides. The Giz family became Duke of Giz (1527), founded by L Claude of the Laurentian family for Francis I, and his son, L Francois, married his niece Stuart Mary, king of France, and took control of his cardinal brother Giz Charles, who slaughtered Protestants in Bash on 1 March 1562.But he was assassinated by the Protestants in Orléans (1563), and his son Henry the Duke of Giz. Henri de Navar, the leader of the Old Protestant denomination, was born in Bearn, and his native country of Navar was in the Basques region bordering Spain and France, where the Basques were very conservative people living on the eastern and western slopes of the Pyrenees, but their origins were indistinguishable from Indo-European languages. The custom of wearing a beret on the head, and mimicking the birth of a wife, the red belt, dance, and music were unique, and they were so brave that they had their own autonomous organization without anyone's control, and the Spanish government still allows them to autonomy. If Loyola, who organized the Jesuits, was born in Spanish Basque, Henri de Navar was born in French Basque. Therefore, it is said that there were many similarities to the Basque temperament in his actions. Catherine de Medicis, from the Medici family of Florence's merchant monarch, was queen of Henry II, who died of injuries during the tournament (1559), and her son Fran 2ois II was crowned, but was overwhelmed by the Giz family. Then Francis II died a year after his enthronement, and Charles IX, his second son, ascended the throne at the age of ten (1560) and became regent as his mother. She was a thorough parishioner and a Machiavellian at the same time. In 1589, Henry III was killed by a fanatic Dominican monk without a successor, and Henri de Navar (Enrique III, King of Navar) declared himself King of France (1589), thereby disconnecting the Balois and starting the Bourbon Dynasty. Henry IV, who ascended to the throne as King of France, supported him only 1/6th in France, and his wife Margret de Valois, whom he politically married in 1572, was separated. Thus Henry IV, 35, who was handsome, brave, intelligent, and experienced in war, became king without money, soldiers, or wives. However, we cannot just watch it, so we gathered our forces and attacked Paris, which was guarded by the old church, but Paris, which was supported by Spain, resisted and was defeated. So his choice to win the support of the French people was to convert to Catholicism, this transformation, which opened the gates wide in Paris and allowed him to have a grand coronation (1594), but this sudden conversion of Henry IV made many doubting him, and on the Protestant side, it triggered more hostility. When this harsh atmosphere reached the brink of civil war, the solution was Edit de Nantes / 1598. Although the Nantes Decree is political, allowing Protestants to freedom of faith and take office in public office in the old country was a kind of tolerance in consideration of them, and this must have been the best way to prevent domestic religious disputes or political divisions and pursue peace and unification. However, was everything resolved only by the conversion of the king or the consideration of Protestants? It was never like that, and the embers of internal combustion were lurking everywhere. The Huguenot War prompted changes in France, and there were many voices calling for order and peace. The way to find peace and order in the turbulent times of the military hero Halge, it was bound to gather with a powerful person as the centripetal body, and no one could dispute that the centripetal body should become king. Against this backdrop, "Les Six livres de la Republique /1576", by Jean (1530-1596), was published, where Bodin hoped for the emergence of a powerful king who developed a modern theory of sovereignty and held absolute power. However, the king cannot violate God's law, nature's law, and common law, and what he can change, abolish, or enact is limited by the king's law. After all, Jean Bodin's theory of state was a rule of law state dominated by a legitimate monarch, not an oriental despotic monarchy. Factors that hinder the centralization of the Balois and Bourbon dynasties include various interest groups, traditional laws and regulations, old bureaucracies, various autonomous organizations, and customs that have been handed down since ancient times. For example, in a large area, more than one-third of the kingdom, each state had its own status-based parliament, called the Etats Generaux, and on top of it was the National Trinity. The National Tripartite was first held in 1302, when Philip IV selected a minority of privileged monks, aristocrats, and commoners to confront the then Roman Vatican. After that, the king's agenda for taxation and advisory roles became important agendas, and the convocation and agenda proposal were left to the king's discretion, so the king took the initiative. And it was different from the British Parliament in that voting rights were not recognized. However, they had the right to speak up, so when they convened, they poured out complaints and complaints regardless of the agenda, and were unable to speak out due to the interests of each status. When the royal family was in crisis, it became an existence that could not be ignored, and the local third division was in charge of creating a community of residents as a lower-level institution, and maintaining public security and administration. Therefore, in order to realize centralization, there was a difficulty in denying such local autonomy and creating a new organization to plant royal authority throughout the country. Thus, Henry IV's Bourbon dynasty chose the flag of national reconstruction, which included Duc de Sully Maximilien de Bethune (1560-1641), who shared the joys and sorrows of Henry IV during the difficult times, as finance minister, and began reforming Henry IV's style. The direction was agricultural and industrial formation. Bethune thought cultivation and ranching were the only way to save France, so he was eager to rebuild the countryside, and hated the nobles who left the country and lived in Paris. However, because this policy of heavy farming could distract attention from commerce and industry, and it was difficult to cover the royal finances that agriculture alone lacked, Henry IV also encouraged industry and commerce with the advice of others.

In 1601, more than 200 tapestry textile workers were brought from the Netherlands to produce ornamental fabrics later called goblins, including silk, glass products, lace, rugs, and bowls, and the establishment of East India Company (1604) and Canada's 60 commercial policies. External factors were also playing a role in strengthening centralization of the Bourbon Dynasty. Large amounts of silver from the New World, including Mexico, have finally raised prices and led to the so-called price revolution. It was the same for the French aristocracy that was in trouble. According to Shealy's national reconstruction policy, imports were reduced, prices were rising, and luxury walls remained. These households accumulated deficits and were busy disposing of and filling their own land. On the other hand, thanks to this price revolution, businessmen (Burgies) bought the land of fallen nobles at a bargain price and pretended to be nobles by buying local judges' posts with money, and at that time, the burial magic was common as an important means of supplementing royal finances. In this way, the feudal lords' dissatisfaction turned into a conspiracy, and on 14 May 1610, Henry IV was killed by a suicide bomber while driving in a carriage through downtown Paris to visit Shealy. It is said that at the age of 57, the criminal was a fanatic Catholic and there was no one behind it. However, there is a theory that the queen was involved behind the assassination of Henry IV, and the discontent of the nobles who lost their vested interests in some way