The Last Student Movement 1990 Three-Party Integration and the Death of Kang Kyung-dae in 1991

 After the pro-Japanese war in Gwangju, the student movement in the 1980s was the most violent one with flames and anti-American sentiment and self-reliance. The 386th generation. The arson attack at the U.S. Cultural Center in Busan in 1985 and the death of 10 police officers at Dongui University in Busan in 1989. The ringleader has been recognized as a post- Kim Dae Jung democrat, which I don't think is right. The reason for the protest was because of the fraudulent entrance examination. In 1987, when Roh Tae-woo came to power and the suppression exploded, the protests intensified, but in January 1990, the unification of the three parties of the short-term broadcasting program... ...the unification of Roh Tae-woo, Kim Young-sam, and Kim Jong-pil spread indifference to politics. Even for Koreans who have always shown excessive interest in politics, they are not interested in politics in advanced countries If not to that extent. I was shocked that Kim Young-sam, a democracy fighter, was involved. Roh Tae-woo's democratic progress, Moon Ik-hwan, Im Soo-kyung, and North Korea are conservative in white-collar jobs, and the fall of communism, including the fall of the Berlin Wall. As a result, the Ganggyeong University incident in 1991 may not be the last mass protest for college students... After Kim Young-sam came to power and the X-generation of political indifference emerged. It may be exciting on the part of the activist group, but in fact, it is undeniable that this phenomenon has emerged since the second half of the Roh Tae-woo administration. University students are indifferent to politics, leaving only the extreme right to campaign. Of course, Korea is not an advanced country yet, and there are many social problems. But we have to solve it with pragmatic policyism... ...oh, I'm touched... ...oh, the people... ...and if we solve it like this, it's not going to change the power structure, it's just going to change the power hierarchy. Only helping young bourgeoisie get ahead. The common people who are jealous of their rich son... ...are both strong by nature. Well, I think our people have been so interested in politics... ...I envy advanced country-type small citizenship. Germany, France, the United States, Japan... ...even if you're interested in politics, it's like a peaceful civic group... ...both political indifference and excessive interest. In our country, we can't ignore this generational trend that has emerged since the 90s. The Exsu generation is now the old generation, but considering that it is the first new generation of advanced countries. the sons and daughters of a mass consumer society Cartoon generation. ============================================================= It is not new that the nation that is supposed to protect the people's property and lives has become a part of the people's lives without knowing the violence of public power that tramples on the people's lives. The death of Park Jong-chul, who died in a gloomy corner of Namyeong-dong in 1987, and the death of Lee Han-yeol, a tear gas victim of the June uprising, is still alive Under the regime, violence of power is much more stark than in the Korean War. After the June 1987 uprising, Roh said in an election booklet titled The Age of the Great Ordinary People, "I couldn't sleep whenever human rights disputes broke out in the past. I was indescribably ashamed when I heard reports that young people like my son and my daughter, and young people who were worried about their country's tomorrow, were tortured," he said. However, from some point on, in the president's quote, "young people worried about their country's tomorrow" has turned into "left-wing violence," and more riot police are out of the street. It was placed in each element. And Roh said, "Officers who neglect law enforcement will be severely reprimanded and vowed to take full account of the problems that arise from working with conviction in the process. He also comforted riot police admitted to police hospitals and lamented the collection of large amounts of gasoline and iron pipes from the university, saying, "We will correct law and disorder at any cost." Accordingly, it is no stranger to the public to see young people in bad clothes standing in pairs at the entrance of the city's underground or public buildings, and a plainclothes group named "Baekgoldan" chased to the end of the alley, snatched the back, and beat mercilessly. On August 6, 1988, Oh Hong-geun, head of the Central Economic Daily, wrote, "Military Culture to be liquidated," and the Army Intelligence Command carried out the attack on Baekju, eavesdropped, followed, and censored at least 1,303 conscientious democrats. After that, the so-called Public Security Joint Chiefs of Staff was established under the pretext of Pastor Moon Ik-hwan's visit to North Korea, and when the so-called Dong-A Incident occurred on May 1989, the police's protest response method was remarkably hard-line, causing numerous victims. On October 13, 1990, President Roh declared a "war on crime and violence" at Boramae Park in Seoul on the same day when the security guard's illegal inspection and military Jeong Jong-sik's National Congress were exposed due to Yoon Seok-yang's conscience declaration. After the declaration of the war, the Seoul Metropolitan Police Department announced a follow-up measure titled "A Plan of Action under the Declaration of the Great Criminal War," and ordered the front-line police to use guns for illegal violence. The plan calls for completely suppressing state-run facilities and police raids with bold weapons, suppressing siege demonstrations, and blocking street demonstrations, but going one step further from the existing "attack-type suppression", and arresting flamethrowers as much as possible. In response, the riot police unified the tactical goals into "all protesters arrested" in three ways: arresting the leaders of the past, dispersing the demonstrators, and preventing them from regrouping. As the operational goal changed like this, it was revised as follows to the past three-stage tactics of suppression. In other words, it changed to a full-scale and violent appearance in which plainclothes guns (Baekgoldan) jumped at the protesters at once by first stage, displaying their power by deploying conquering forces forward in the first stage, intensively shooting SY-44 tear gas bombs, and shooting multiple bombs at once. In addition, the "protesting and equipment improvement plan," which was ordered by the security headquarters to implement to the national police on March 19, 1991, eliminated the concept of retreat and left only "progress attacks" from repeating "progress and retreat" in a company or platoon. It also introduced a new type of sutra that greatly expands the body price and scope of protesters, adds aggressive attack movements, and allows them to hit most parts of their bodies from top to bottom without any restrictions. To this end, in addition to the existing personal suppression stick, which was only 50cm and 70cm long, 110cn of large bamboo was newly provided, and in the case of plain clothes arrest team, it was provided to two squads of each platoon. In addition, in arrest and performance, the previous method of "retail grabbing" is abandoned and the protesters are held by hitting the body, such as "wrist-lifting," "arm-holding," and "pressing both shoulders." Aggressive movements such as "push and hit" were also introduced in the shield technique. The shield was originally a defense device against dialysis, but it was changed to an attack weapon. As a result, in addition to the old and large shield, which is usually held by the conquering company with both hands, a small oval shield was provided for plainclothes arrest, which was designed to approach and fight protesters with only one hand. The biggest change as the tactical goals changed from dissolution to arrest and defense to attack is the fact that the proportion of plainclothes arrest is increasing among the riot police. Before 1989, the squadron was the main force in the crackdown and the plainclothes artillery was the auxiliary force of the company, and when the demonstration was fierce, the group stood by the company and was deployed to arrest the leaders. When students tried to enter the streets at a protest site in front of a university gate, it was not uncommon for more than 100 to 200 arrest groups to rush into the ranks with clubs and steel pipes in the hail-like tear gas smoke. At the protest site, the Baekgoldan regarded the protesters as "enemies" and treated the detainees as "captives," making it unusual to "kill" the students who were not resisting. The concept of human rights did not remain in the trash can under the structure of police violence, in which students' heads are broken and their eyes are broken, but they do what they have to do for public order, and when they catch protest students, they are given reward leave. Under this perfect structure, Kang Kyung-dae was the subject of the experiment. He was not in the vanguard of the demonstrators, had no firebombs or stones, and was merely a liaison behind the vanguard, so he had no means to defend himself, let alone participate in the demonstration.

And Roh said, "Officers who neglect law enforcement will be severely reprimanded and vowed to take full account of the problems that arise from working with conviction in the process. He also comforted riot police admitted to police hospitals and lamented the collection of large amounts of gasoline and iron pipes from the university, saying, "We will correct law and disorder at any cost." Accordingly, it is no stranger to the public to see young people in bad clothes standing in pairs at the entrance of the city's underground or public buildings, and a plainclothes group named "Baekgoldan" chased to the end of the alley, snatched the back, and beat mercilessly. On August 6, 1988, Oh Hong-geun, head of the Central Economic Daily, wrote, "Military Culture to be liquidated," and the Army Intelligence Command carried out the attack on Baekju, eavesdropped, followed, and censored at least 1,303 conscientious democrats. After that, the so-called Public Security Joint Chiefs of Staff was established under the pretext of Pastor Moon Ik-hwan's visit to North Korea, and when the so-called Dong-A Incident occurred on May 1989, the police's protest response method was remarkably hard-line, causing numerous victims. On October 13, 1990, President Roh declared a "war on crime and violence" at Boramae Park in Seoul on the same day when the security guard's illegal inspection and military Jeong Jong-sik's National Congress were exposed due to Yoon Seok-yang's conscience declaration. After the declaration of the war, the Seoul Metropolitan Police Department announced a follow-up measure titled "A Plan of Action under the Declaration of the Great Criminal War," and ordered the front-line police to use guns for illegal violence. The plan calls for completely suppressing state-run facilities and police raids with bold weapons, suppressing siege demonstrations, and blocking street demonstrations, but going one step further from the existing "attack-type suppression", and arresting flamethrowers as much as possible. In response, the riot police unified the tactical goals into "all protesters arrested" in three ways: arresting the leaders of the past, dispersing the demonstrators, and preventing them from regrouping. As the operational goal changed like this, it was revised as follows to the past three-stage tactics of suppression. In other words, it changed to a full-scale and violent appearance in which plainclothes guns (Baekgoldan) jumped at the protesters at once by first stage, displaying their power by deploying conquering forces forward in the first stage, intensively shooting SY-44 tear gas bombs, and shooting multiple bombs at once. In addition, the "protesting and equipment improvement plan," which was ordered by the security headquarters to implement to the national police on March 19, 1991, eliminated the concept of retreat and left only "progress attacks" from repeating "progress and retreat" in a company or platoon. It also introduced a new type of sutra that greatly expands the body price and scope of protesters, adds aggressive attack movements, and allows them to hit most parts of their bodies from top to bottom without any restrictions. To this end, in addition to the existing personal suppression stick, which was only 50cm and 70cm long, 110cn of large bamboo was newly provided, and in the case of plain clothes arrest team, it was provided to two squads of each platoon. In addition, in arrest and performance, the previous method of "retail grabbing" is abandoned and the protesters are held by hitting the body, such as "wrist-lifting," "arm-holding," and "pressing both shoulders." Aggressive movements such as "push and hit" were also introduced in the shield technique. The shield was originally a defense device against dialysis, but it was changed to an attack weapon. As a result, in addition to the old and large shield, which is usually held by the conquering company with both hands, a small oval shield was provided for plainclothes arrest, which was designed to approach and fight protesters with only one hand. The biggest change as the tactical goals changed from dissolution to arrest and defense to attack is the fact that the proportion of plainclothes arrest is increasing among the riot police. Before 1989, the squadron was the main force in the crackdown and the plainclothes artillery was the auxiliary force of the company, and when the demonstration was fierce, the group stood by the company and was deployed to arrest the leaders. When students tried to enter the streets at a protest site in front of a university gate, it was not uncommon for more than 100 to 200 arrest groups to rush into the ranks with clubs and steel pipes in the hail-like tear gas smoke. At the protest site, the Baekgoldan regarded the protesters as "enemies" and treated the detainees as "captives," making it unusual to "kill" the students who were not resisting. The concept of human rights did not remain in the trash can under the structure of police violence, in which students' heads are broken and their eyes are broken, but they do what they have to do for public order, and when they catch protest students, they are given reward leave. Under this perfect structure, Kang Kyung-dae was the subject of the experiment. The martyr, who did not spearhead the demonstrators, had no firebombs or stones, and had no means of self-defense, let alone participate in the demonstration, was caught and beaten by police officers who followed him while crossing the school wall to avoid them. The fact is that the demonstration itself was blocked, intensified by the demonstration itself, and developed a stronger and more aggressive method of suppressing the demonstrators, changing from dissolution to prevention of re-rallying to attack them all. 02:26:05pm on 29 Mar 2001 Source: Memorial Society of Kang Kyung Dae Yeol.

A historical review of the Palgwanhoe, a national religious event during the Goryeo Dynasty.

 Palgwanhoe was a representative Buddhist ritual of Goryeo and was the most important religious event. Like the regular Lotus Lantern Festival of Goryeo, the Palgwanhoe also served as a ritual for the king's longevity and ancestor worship. Therefore, the purpose of holding the Lotus Lantern Festival and the Palgwanhoe was the same, but while the Lotus Lantern Festival was held in spring, the Palgwanhoe was held in autumn. However, throughout the pre-Goryeo period, Palgwanhoe was a more important Buddhist ritual than Yeondeunghoe in terms of size and importance.   The Eight Halls of Goryeo is significant in that the ritual was a national event reflecting the Goryeo people's view of life, social view, and world view, and it is important in that it can best examine the characteristics of Goryeo Buddhism. In other words, Palgwanhoe was a Buddhist expression of the royal ancestor worship, that is, the Buddhist expression of filial piety, and it can be seen as a ritual that formed a typical example of Korean Buddhism by assimilating it with unique Korean customs such as the Hwarang Islands. Even before the Palgwanhoe was held in Goryeo, Buddhist rituals, which were the predecessors, were held in Silla, and the Palgwanjaehoe was originally a technique for martial arts, but this was expanded to develop into a patriotic event. Palgwan is a reunion where eight gye is performed. Eight eggs are the ones that a person receives during the day and night. Regarding the meaning of the eight lines, Seok's cradle states that eight actions are prohibited, including murder, theft, obscene behavior, lying, drinking, using high and comfortable dragonflies, singing and entertainment, hanging wreaths or spraying perfume on the body. In reference to Kim Bong-ryul's work "Korean Culture and Buddhism," Daewonsa 1997p122, when it entered Goguryeo or Silla, local beliefs and Buddhism worshipping natural gods were combined to comfort the souls of the dead, and the Palgwan Reunion was held as a national event. In particular, the Palgwanjaehoe and Inwangbaek High School were held a lot to focus the hearts of the people on the Buddha to support their ancestors and to protect this land by gathering the power of Joryeong and Jebulje God. This Palgwanhoe was accepted as a fulfillment of the wishes of the entire Korean people rather than as a specific religious event called Buddhism, and it continued as a national event until later generations, but King Taejo Wang Geon, who founded Goryeo, publicly announced it as a national event and ordered it to be carried out every year. It has been developed to bring about the welfare of the entire people beyond the personal one of protecting the Eight Commandments, which is the content of the original scriptures. This can be said to have emerged as a form that the doctrine should be adapted to Silla society. Indeed, Buddhism's idea of national defense is not to exclude others and protect only me, but to protect others and clean myself to protect myself by protecting myself. This is because protecting the Eight Commandments is to protect the country, and protecting the eight Commandments is the logic of acting and the way of non- Jeong Tae-heon's "Korean Buddhist Yongtongsa" 2002 p127ReferencesIn China, there are many records of Eight Guan Jaehoe in the 5th century, and Song's Hyeso monk was with his family on the day of his alter ego in 425 and there is a record of his longevity in 422. The Palgwan Reunion was held to prevent the outbreak of infectious diseases or to restore the dead. After the end of the 5th century, it is notable that the emperor was sponsoring the ritual of the Palgwanjaehoe, which was held in 483 and in 590 in prayer for rain from the sky. Palgwanjaehoe was especially popular during the Tang Dynasty, and Damun, a Zen monk, received eight orders after awakening himself for the Buddhist scriptures of Beophwagyeong, and Ahn Jin-gyeong, the chief of the Tang Dynasty, wrote in 772 that one of his own history held a ritual to cure his illness. Takako Tokiwa's translation of Lee Hye-min's "Buddhist Cultural History of Northeast Asia" Some 2003 p140 reference records show that the Palgwanhoe was first held in Korea in 551 with the Baekjwa Ganghoe for the first time on the 7th day of October. When Silla's famous monk Jajang left to study in China in 636, he met a spirit and built a nine-story pagoda in Silla and pardoned prisoners by pardoning prisoners, suggesting that Palgwanhoe was being implemented nationally in Silla. Gungye, who established Taebong Peak in 892, also held an octagonal pavilion meeting, and he called himself Maitreya Buddha and named his two sons Cheonggwang Bodhisattva and Shingwang Bodhisattva. According to the records of Goryeo history, the Palgwanhoe of Silla was held in October and the Palgwanhoe of Taebong was held in November, and Goryeo accepted the traditions of Silla and Taebong and held twice a year in October and November. See Literature and Jisungsa 2001 p172 by Kim Un-yeong, "The Ideological Background and Historical Meaning of Buddhist Ritual in the Middle Ages in Korea", Japan accepted Buddhism through Baekje in the early or mid 6th century, but there is no record that the Palgwanhoe was held in Japan. Akihide Mishina regarded Goryeo's Palgwanhoe as a combination of traditional Korean Thanksgiving and Buddhism, and used Seo Geung's Goryeo Dogyeong and Songsa as primary historical materials, but Seo Geung misunderstood the Palgwanhoe as the same. The Palgwanhoe of Goguryeo and Goryeo was held in October equally, but the purpose of the two rituals was different. While the alliance was a Thanksgiving Day, the Palgwanhoe was a Buddhist ritual, and its contents were a ritual for King Taejo. Mishina did not discuss these differences and affirmed that the Palgwanhoe of Goryeo was a Thanksgiving festival, but the alliance between Palgwanhoe and Goguryeo had no connection, and Mishina's view was only a great illusion because the literature of Songsa accepted the misjudged view of Goryeo. In conclusion, contrary to Mishina's argument, there is no relationship between the Palgwanhoe of Goryeo and the Daesangje of Japan, so it can be said that Buddhist rituals corresponding to the Palgwanhoe were not held in Japan. Takako Tokiwa's translation of "The History of Buddhism in Northeast Asia," a part of the 2003 p146 reference, was a Buddhist ritual held from the beginning of Goryeo until the end of Goryeo. With a few exceptions, King Taejo and later kings attended Palgwanhoe in person throughout the pre-Goryeo period. According to the history of Goryeo, the Palgwanhoe, which was held under the auspices of the royal family throughout the Goryeo Dynasty, reached 115 times, but the actual number of times was more than that. From the early Goryeo period to the early 11th century, the king attended Palgwanhoe not many times. This fact emphasized the importance of Palgwanhoe through King Taejo's legacy to his later kings, but it can be seen that not all of his successors followed his legacy and participated in the ritual directly. Rather, some kings were more interested in other Buddhist events than Palgwanhoe, and Gyeongjong, Gwangjong, Gangjong, and Seongjong showed pro-Confucian tendencies and did not attend or reduce the size of the Palgwanhoe. This fact means that until then, the role of the Palgwanhoe in Goryeo society was not so great. However, Hyeonjong reopened the Palgwanhoe, which was suspended by King Seongjong in November 1010, and Deokjong did not attend the Palgwanhoe in person, but in October 1033 he dispatched officials to Seogyeong to hold rituals, and Jeongjong also held five Palgwanhoe during his reign. From the end of the 11th century to the beginning of the 13th century, the Palgwanhoe was held most frequently in history. During his reign, King Sukjong attended the Palgwanhoe 11 times, which was an annual average of 1.1 times. Uijong officially established the Palgwanhoe Ritual procedure during his reign, holding 18 Palgwanhoe Ritual in the palace. During the reign of King Myeongjong, he held the Palgwanhoe once every two years and attended the ritual 12 times. The Goryeo Palgwanhoe was a ritual held from the beginning of its founding to the end of its existence, and by period, it was held most frequently from the late 11th century to the early 13th century, but the number of times it was held by the king's reign was different. I; The Eight Halls of Goryeo, referring to Hyean 2002 p53-55, written by Lee Byung-wook, differed from the time and period of the ritual, the sponsor and supervisor, the venue, the goods used in the ritual, the procedure, and the purpose of the ritual. The Eight Halls of Goryeo were held twice a year, once in Seogyeong in October and the other in Gaegyeong, the capital in November. The king sent officials to Seogyeong to hold the Palgwanhoe, but Gaegyeong's Palgwanhoe was organized by himself. Therefore, it can be seen that the Eight Halls of Gaegyeong has a more important meaning than that of Seogyeong. The record of the Middle East Palgwanhoe by Yeji of Goryeo Temple shows the procedure of the Palgwanhoe held in Gaegyeong in November, which was systematized during the Uijong period. This eight-way ritual consisted of two types: a small meeting and a competition, and was conducted according to strict procedures. The key to the small meeting event was to go to the camp of the royal ancestors and offer sacrifices and to receive congratulations from the king's officials, and the center of the event was the grand banquet. The procedure is summarized as follows, referring to Ahn Ji-won's work, "Buddhist Culture in the Middle Ages of Korea," 1999 p166.

First of all, in the case of the Palgwansohoe, the various departments of the court in charge of the Palgwanhoe set up a father's family before the ceremony began, and installed such things as the king, the prince, or the count of Gonghu, the servants and the band, the temporary resting place for the king, the fruit statue, the lion, and the tea room. Before the event begins, the civil servants under the crown prince are located in a designated place according to their rank and rehearse between Daegwanjeon Hall and Uibongmun Gate. On the day of the Palgwanhoe event, the government office will set up the king's seat on the coronation hall at early dawn and prepare the king's escape in the palace yard. When the first signal is given at Yesa, the honor guard and others come out to the Gujeong, and people with mass production or fans line up on the left and right sides of the courtyard of Daegwanjeon Hall to reach Uibongmun Gate. When the second signal is given in the ritual, the civil servants dress up and line up in the courtyard of the coronation hall. When the king wears a Jahwangpo and comes out to Seoninjeon Hall, he calls hurrah from Geumwi and the officials close to the king below Seungje offer congratulations one after another. When the left and right monks lead the king and come out to Daegwanjeon Hall to take their seats, the escort shouts "Cultivation." Next, a sign shouts "Sinjae" in remembrance. After going through a series of rituals again, the king descends to Daegwanjeon Hall, climbs up to Choyoryeon, and heads to Uibongmun Gate while music is being played. When the third signal is announced in the ritual, the cart carrying the king reaches Uibongmun Gate, and the king changes shoes and changes clothes at the temporary rest area of Nuui. When the Privy Council leads the king to the portrait of his ancestors, the king bows twice toward the north. When all the civil affairs and white officers are located in their respective positions, the middle stones are divided into the east and west stairs to inspect those who climb the stairs. In addition, Ssangryong and Bongseon are installed, and evil officials are lined up. The Crown Prince, Count Gonghu, the Chancellor, and the White House are also located. When the music is played and the king comes out in a jahwangpo and goes to his seat, the guards and honor guards bow twice and step down and line up in a set place. Then, according to Yusa's introduction, he comes out in order and wishes the king a happy birthday and Mansumugang. While music is being played, the king pours alcohol and food to the civil servants and local officials, and all kinds of games are performed, and the fruit table is also. Next, myopia officers prepare meals for the king and the prince, and the music continues to play until the king finishes eating. Dancers are entertained three times with food and alcohol and continue to dance until these meals are over. It is said that it is the same as the previous procedure when a special cup is presented to the king. Next, we will look at the case of the Palgwanhoe. On the day of the convention, the king sits in a Zen temple and receives greetings from myopia officers. Then, he comes to the coronation hall and receives a visit from the bodies. Then, he goes to Uibongru, burns incense, and gives a glass. Myopia officer or lower rises to the stairs, and Munmu and Baekgwan stand in order under the crown prince or lower. In addition, it is also different that Ban Soo visited and cultivated, went forward, bowed and danced, and did not bow again, and the people who offered the emblem followed the white crown. The procedure for officials to perform the ritual is the same as that of the small meeting, but it is only different from stepping forward and saying thank you, and dancing after bowing and not bowing again. Flower covers, carts, and buoys are also displayed in Uibongmun Gate. Song merchants who attended the event also offer gifts and pray for the king's longevity. The people of Bunja and Tamna do the same. It is the same as on a small meeting day that short-sighted officers give a second name to the bodies of the king and the prince or younger. The prince and the bodies receive the flowers brought by the myopia and give them to the king in a kneeling position. The king puts in the flowers he receives flowers. When the king drinks, the music starts, and after drinking, the music stops. The cultivation dance is also cultivated in the place where the Silla people under the crown prince worship. The king also receives flowers from myopia and attaches them to the bodies under the crown prince, and music is also played at this time. The king is given medicine along with alcohol, fruits, and flowers, and tea is also provided at this time. When these are provided, they are subject to set rules, and the subjects below the crown prince shout slogans for the longevity of the king. Finally, the king comes down from the palace and goes back to Daegwanjeon on a cart, and when the king returns, his servants follow him and retreat. As recorded in the Yeji of Goryeo, the main functions of the Palgwansohoe and the Palgwandaehoe were to pray for the ancestral rites and the congratulations of the king, and the ritual was accompanied by tea, food, alcohol, dance, music, flowers, fruits, and medicine. In particular, in the case of the competition, the event to pray for the harvest of the king was more emphasized than in the case of the small meeting, and foreign merchants were invited to watch. At least this record does not show that there was a Buddhist element in the Palgwanhoe of Goryeo, but according to other parts or other literature evidence, it can be clearly seen that the Palgwanhoe was a Buddhist ritual. Therefore, the Eight Halls of Goryeo were not only different from the records of Buddhist temples in various aspects, including purposes and procedures, but also showed different characteristics from those of the late Chinese and Silla periods. Kim Un-yeong's Literature and Jisungsa 2001 p187-196 Reference Book; Kim Un-yeong's Literature and Jisungsa 2001; Kim Bong-ryul's Korean Culture and Buddhism Daewonsa 1997; Jeong Tae-heon's Translation of Korean Buddhism Yongtong, 2002;

The defeat of France in 1940 was the defeat of democracy

 It seems like a big war between dictatorships and democracies is only a few. By the end of the 19th century, the United States, England, France, and Northern Europe emerged, and for example, even in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, not only Germany but also France were hereditary monarchies. the Second Reich of Napoleon III Of course, it changed into a third republic during the war. It was only in the 1880s that poor citizens of England and France had the right to vote, so it was the beginning of a true democracy. It's just men. But the weakness of democratic states, the weakness of military discipline, is that in 1914 the United States and France joined forces to stop Germany, but in 1940 the defeat of democracy by Nazi Germany in France was a major defeat. Germany, Japan, Italy, and fascist countries attacked democracy. Democratic people who are fed up with the countryside are laughing at each other. Italy was no problem, but... Germany and Japan swept Europe and Asia, so France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Northern Europe, and other democracies. Eastern European model democracies like the Czech Republic. In the end, the U.S. and Britain alone gained strength and led other dictatorships such as the Soviet Union to overthrow them, so the Cold War was inevitable afterwards. Since then, there has been no war between democracies and dictatorships, except that Israel has fought with Arab dictatorships. The United States did hunt for Third World dictators, but this is not a war of numbers... ...Noriega and Hussein. The Korean War and the Vietnam War are dictatorships except for the U.S. South Korea, North Korea, China, Soviet Union, North Vietnam, South Vietnam. First of all, the democratic parallel has moved eastward from the German-French border (Majino line) to the West-East German border (the Iron Curtain) and lasted for 40 years. France lived Cheers, Germany is early...Scream. This issue ended in 1990 with the reunification of Germany and the democratization of Eastern Europe (especially Russia). In order to enjoy democracy and pleasure, the neighboring great dictatorship must be eliminated... ...I'm relieved that Japan has become a postwar democracy with its lax military and South Korea's breakwater. After World War II, major democracies, the United States, Britain, France, and Germany joined in the post-war defeat... democratization by defeat. After the June 1987 uprising, Korea also joined a democratic nation... ...of course, neighboring dictatorship China and North Korea are the problem. Fortunately, however, the collapse of the Cold War in the 1990s led to the collapse of North Korea as an isolated country, while South Korea was firmly supported by the U.S. Although the truce line suddenly changed to a democratic-to-dictatorship border like the German-French border, the Iron Curtain, and the Israeli border, it is a relief that the rear area of the dictatorship collapsed at the same time. In fact, this case is quite rare... ...to deal with this situation that has changed since the '90s, we need to reinforce high-tech weapons and not let young people off the hook and roll in the army. "Army should not be a democracy to defend democracy." I saw it in the movie Crimson Tide

Scientific Analysis of Admiral Yi Sun-shin's Battle of Myeongnyang

 

① This naval battle was not fought at the narrow choke point of Myeongnyang (Uldolmok), but was conducted in the wide sea in front of Imha Island in the northwest of the Myeongnyang Strait, but is usually known as Myeongnyang Battle. Yi Sun-sin thoroughly studied the waterways conditions around this area in advance and used 100% of the time and space. He set it up as a battlefield and secretly moved the fleet there the night before to wait for cover-up. There was a reason for choosing this place as the battlefield. The tide flows very fast, and its maximum flow rate is more than 40 kilometers per hour, surpassing that of the Japanese fleet or Yi Sun-shin fleet. And the tide and ebb change every six hours, and the water changes from east to west, and when the water changes, the flow stops for a while, but after 30 minutes, the flow rate becomes 10 kilometers, and after 30 minutes, it becomes 20 kilometers, and after two hours, it is a special waterway condition that repeats four times a day. ② The speed between the tide and the ebb was only an hour, during which the rowing boat could be controlled to some extent, but the rest of the time the boat was pushed along with the speed. Therefore, if you use it well, you can effectively defeat the attack, and if you use it in reverse, it was advantageous for the attack. In particular, Panokseon was very advantageous for attack because of its superior turning ability compared to Japanese ships. ③ More than 100 Japanese fleets were swept away by the tide, and the narrow and rugged terrain of Uldolmok was broken by cross-tides, and some were sunk by Yi Sun-sin's pre-installed coastal obstacles, and 20 more were destroyed by anti-turtle and gunfire. The decisive factor in the victory of this naval battle is that Yi Sun-sin defended Uldolmok without being broken through for an hour until the Myeongnyang Strait reflux turned into a pure current. That's why he called himself a part-party jokguchunbu at a meeting of commanders on the eve of the operation, and gathered his will to fight for the resolution by killing himself immediately. In addition, he showed determination and encouraged his subordinates, who were overwhelmed by the enemy's power during the operation and lost combat fraud, to change their posture to a hundredfold of courage to provide an opportunity for victory. "Will you fight to death, or will you run away and covet your life?" "You have sinned not to escape far away and save the captain." Japanese naval tactics were conventional tactics, such as climbing onto an opponent's ship and killing them in close combat, while the Korean navy used tactics to destroy ships with partisanship or guns and destroy them with fire. In addition, when Pia's ships were in contact with each other, Panokseon was structurally uncomfortable for enemy soldiers to climb, and it was perfect for stabbing the climbing enemy soldiers with a spear as if catching bugs. And by placing about 100 fishing boats in the rear safe waters, Yi Sun-shin carried out deception tactics as if he were a bad 13 supporting force. As explained earlier, during the second invasion, Japan organized about 140,000 troops into the Middle, Left, and Right armies. Among them, the allies were in charge of Gyeongsang-do, Jeolla-do, and Chungcheong-do, and after landing in Busan, they joined the remaining troops of the coastal base and advanced to Jeonju around mid-August 1597. On July 17, the Japanese military decided to take control of the sea and transport 100,000 Chinese and left soldiers by sea, and on September 16, they planned to join the Han River through the west coast and invade Seoul. Therefore, on September 17, when the Battle of Myeongnyang was defeated, another Japanese military operation meeting was convened, and the result of the meeting was to stop further advance and build a castle on the southern coast to protect it. Toyodomi, who was happy to hear the news of the destruction of the Wonkyun fleet and said she would send troops to Joseon, changed her mind again when she heard the news of the defeat of the Battle of Myeongnyang. Then, let's summarize the progress of the Battle of Myeongnyang. The true value of the Battle of Myeongnyang was not only to defeat the superior enemy by more than 10 times, but also to remind controller Yi Sun-shin of his wrongdoings in mid-August, just before his participation in the war. "There are still 12 ships" means that the resolution and Hyean, like a naval commander, became a teacher while being good for a female army like Seonjo. It is absurd and absurd that Yi Sun-shin ordered the abolition of the naval forces in the form of medicine and soldiers even after re-appointing himself as a third-degree naval controller. The reason why the enemy has not dared to invade the south, such as Chungcheong and Jeolla, has been because our navy has blocked its forces, and now if the navy is abolished, the enemy will surely go up to the Han River through Honam, but it will be God's fear. If Yi Sun-shin's 13 front ships had been ignored and the naval forces had been abolished, the Japanese navy would have entered the Han River with 100,000 troops, so King Seonjo would have been taken prisoner before he crossed the Imjin River and fled to Ming for the second time. On September 20, 1597, immediately after the Battle of Myeongnyang, the Japanese army advanced to Jiksan Mountain under Cheonan. The front line was deadlocked due to a collision with Myeonggun here, but the maritime supply route was cut off due to the defeat of the Myeongnyang Battle under the circumstances where it was difficult to advance due to the lack of military beauty. It was only a matter of time before it reached Seoul from Jiksan Mountain through Cheonan Gyeongyu Water Source, and 13 Yi Sun-shin fleet returned it. About eight months after the Great Battle of Myeongnyang (around April 1598), the Ming army's Gyeongniyangho knew that there was no reward for Yi Sun-shin in the court, and made an unusual order as follows. "Lee Sun-shin killed the enemy with all his might. I am very pleased with his great achievement. Encourage and encourage Yi Sun-shin by quickly awarding him." Seon-jo, filled with distrust and hatred for Yi Sun-shin, refused to be promoted to Soongjeong Godfather (now Deputy Prime Minister level), but only represented his subordinates. Then, after abandoning the body hair and authority of the king of a country, Yang-ho begged Yang-ho to receive his deep bow, saying, "No." What does this mean? What kind of ball do I have? It's not fair to bow to me.' After the Battle of Myeongnyang, the enemy retreated to the southern coast, and Ulsan in the east and Yegyo in the west were built in 18 semi-permanent positions, so the sea of Jeolla-do was restored by Yi Sun-shin, but the inland was already a brutal Japanese barbarism. The Battle of Myeongnyang shares its strategic significance with the Battle of Hansan, which provided a historical biography of the Seven Years' War by decisively thwarting the Japanese military's strategy to move north of the West, but the Battle of Myeongnyang in particular highlights Yi Sun-sin's superhuman ability and will to overcome persecution and adversity. Despite the unprecedented power imbalance in the history of the World War, 13 to 133 ships were mobilized locally without any coordination, and to make matters worse, the mind and body caused by imprisonment, torture, and white troops were extremely weakened. However, before this, Won-gyun, who destroyed more than 100 Yi Sun-shin fleets and buried nearly 10,000 naval forces, is still talkative even after his death. This was because Seonjo ordered him to post-mortem as the No. 1 contributor. The fact that he was eventually honored as the No. 1 contributor to the Seonmu and received the Order of the Taegeuk Martial Arts is regrettable as an act of disturbing the national flag of the time when he killed the national spirit and conspired with injustice. However, it is indeed deplorable that some of the groups of aces who have interests with them, including the Central Family Association of Wonju Won, have committed a serious error of killing Won Gyun once again. The author believes that Seo-ae Yoo Seong-ryong's Jingbirok, who went through the three commandments that actually led the seven-year war between Korea and Japan at the national level, is sincere because of his insight and character. He dramatically describes how Won Kyun, a third-degree naval control officer, Lee Eok-ki, and Jeon Rau-susa Temple, and the defecation of Gyeongsang-woo Temple suffered their last death during the defeat of 7,000 troops. 「....... Won Kyun's soldiers were again badly defeated and scattered. Won-gyun fled to the beach, abandoned the boat, climbed a hill, led a dull body, and was killed while Won-gyun was alone here, and ....... Lee Eok-ki jumped into the river on the boat and died. After several times, he escaped from the harbor after preparing several ships of his own for enemy soldiers...." However, Yi Sun-shin fought a fierce battle with a Muju ship in the Battle of Noryang, while Won-kyun ran away as a 3rd-degree naval commander. At that time, these crimes of treason deserved five punishments: beating the neck, confiscating property, removing its name from the genealogy, digging up the tombs of its ancestors, and making children slaves. In addition, Bae-bang, a Gyeongsang-jwasu, escaped with 12 ships and barely saved his life, but was later arrested and killed. One ironic thing is that the 12 ships preserved by Bae-seol were the seeds of Yi Sun-sin's Myeongnyang Battle and were the seeds of the fleet's However, we learn from Yi Sun-shin's victory in the naval battle that the power of the absolute, which guarantees the victory of justice, is inevitably destroyed like vegetables. Cheok Sa-jeong is a self-possessed government that teaches us the achievement of patience and hope through hardship on the side of truth and justice. I warn some ugly scholars who are standing as bridesmaids to restore Won-kyun's honor. I reiterate that I should not commit the folly of small investigations. A tyrant in the world The green motto given to Won-kyun by King Seonjo, a mixed and female soldier, for the benefit of the royal authority cannot be the value setting of truth to greatly reevaluate Won-kyun today. In the past and now, rotten politicians have repeatedly acted like a Pharisee praying in front of a painted tomb I got it.

■ Alexander Gwanggaeto the Great of Northeast Asia 2. The spirit of young generals (8)

 Damdeok, who did not neglect martial arts training even after becoming a prince, secretly went into the mountain and focused on polishing the sword law under the teachings of the old man Shingeum. He worked tirelessly to master this principle according to the words of the old man Singeum, who instructed him to learn the reason of the sword first. Martial arts training was conducted without skipping a day. He ran from place to place with a long sword in the freezing cold. How much he jumped, the heat warmed the air around him. Through this hard work, the scientific principle of the sword was acquired through the body. But then there was the problem. No further progress has been made on the sword. Prince Damdeok struggled in agony to solve this problem. Then one day, while training in martial arts, I looked down on domesticity. In front of his eyes, he saw a forest area that had never been touched by humans. It was a city castle surrounded by thick forests. "Did they carve out that lush forest area and build the present city wall?" Even though nature is huge, it is not as powerful as man!' He thought of this and tried to look closely at the city again, and the figure disappeared in an instant. As he immersed himself in the scare method, he seems to have had a fantasy for a while. At that moment, I remembered a conversation with an old man Shingeum. "The founding philosophy of Dangun Joseon is the Hongik people. Therefore, the basic principle of the Divine Dagger Method should also be found in human sense. It's no other than a man who moves a sword." "So why do you practice herbivores and swordsmanship using them?" "To be a master of martial arts, you must develop a sword without a margin of error. But you have to control your mind to get to the point of teeth." "So do martial artists dream of becoming one of the swordsmanship?" "Yes, but the swordsmanship itself is not the end of the martial arts. We must carve out a whole range of beneficial swords and minds. This step is the completion of the Sindan Sword Law." Prince Damdeok strongly stepped on the ground, reflecting on his teacher's words. The ground remained motionless, leaving only the footprints he had taken. A city wall could not have been built with a single footprint. It would have been pioneered by the united power of countless people.' Suddenly, the principle of the Shindan Sword Method seemed to be in hand. But I couldn't really bring it up. I looked at the top of the mountain with a little excitement and a little frustration in a state of ignorance. If the principle of the Shindan sword method is not understood, the teacher's words to go up to the top of the mountain were raised more. The mountain peak stood alone in the middle of the blue sky, showing a peaceful and leisurely appearance. The summit looked haughty and relaxed. I wanted to climb to the top of the mountain. I've already gone up several times, but I wanted to go up again now. The prince went up with a bewitched pace. The green shoots were growing on the ground. But the number was decreasing as it went up. 'The top of the mountain would not have sprouted yet. The green shoots must be the nourishment that makes you look proud, but how on earth is the summit so confident without it? What kind of source is it that fascinates people.' The prince looked down at the sound of the water in the valley, tilting his head at the fact that it was not new. The water in the valley drove more water as it flowed. The water in the valley was heading toward the huge sea, and the base of the mountain was leading to an endless field. The mountain peaks were all nourishing. The summit led the water of the valley to the sea with its body at the bottom of the mountain supporting it. The power of the summit was the power of the sea and the power of the field under the mountain. But the mountain was proud and haughty. The prince saw the sign of the summit in his beating heart. The prince danced with the gesture. His blade, which began to move, was already facing endless fields and huge seas. His ever-changing blade gradually became simpler. His sword went from valley to stream, from river to river, from river to sea. When he finally reached the sea, a powerful force came out of his sword. It was powerful enough to swallow everything. The sword, compressed by thousands of invisible blades into a single blade, swept through everything. It was a demonstration of sea swordsmanship on the sea. The sword was not perfect. There was a little disruption, but it was a powerful sword method. He realized the reason of the new dagger method, which he struggled and struggled to find. Although it is not completed now, it will be solved by training in the future. He looked for a moment at the top of the mountain with a happy face, then turned to go down alive again. It was the sound of old man Shin Geum calling, "The Crown Prince's Highness!" He bowed to his teacher in dismay. "I'm about to go up to the top of the mountain, but will you go up, too?" Old Singeum asked casually. 'No, I'm going down.' 'No. I'm about to go down." "Why would you give up halfway when you're about to go up?" "Because I realized that the power at the bottom of the mountain is the power at the top of the mountain, and that the water in the valley flows into the sea." "The power at the bottom of the mountain and the power of the sea." I'm so proud of you. I can't believe I've already realized the reason of the Divine Dagger Act..." "I've only learned a little bit about the shell. I still have a long way to go to catch up with my teacher. I will continue to polish and enlighten you on the essence of the new dagger method." The prince's words were not empty words. Since then, he has mastered the essence of the new dagger method based on the principles of the sea sword method. Prince Damdeok looked up to the sky and sighed for a while in the front yard of Taegungjeon Hall, and suddenly pulled out a defeat sword. He tried to calm himself by looking at the blades flashing in the sun. Even though he was the prince of a country, he was unable to save young generals who were caught in a group of state ministers. It was clear that Moduru and Busabi were on his side no matter what anyone said. And yet, I couldn't do anything about it. Only a plan to follow the horse and give it a name when Janghyup appealed to the late King Gogukyang, the father king. The pain left a faint scar in the middle of the chest. He whipped himself in pain. "The monarch is in the center of the country and cannot carry out the selection that touches the people, and is weighed down by the power of power, so he is in a position to close his eyes even though he knows corruption." If this continues after I succeed His Holiness to the throne... ...no. It is necessary to drive out the clandestine gang and establish authority as a monarch and lay the foundation of the country. To do so, you need to build up your strength. Strong central power must be established. Only then can the future dream of building Goguryeo into a great empire be realized.' The prince clenched his teeth as he focused his eyes on the blade. Daedae Duso, a national figure, knew well that Prince Damdeok, unlike his father, King Gogukyang, was a brilliant and bold person and a wise person not suitable for his young age. Therefore, after dismissing the young generals who followed the prince, he was directly aiming for the prince. At that time, Goguryeo attacked Baekje in August 386, when it achieved stability in the western periphery, but was defeated without defeating Baekje's stubborn resistance. Du So argued that Baekje should be punished again. He told Hu Yeon that he should take a peace policy, but he was firm with Baekje. It was also so astute that it was raised as soon as the news of its defeat in the battle with the Baekje army was delivered. The ministers were puzzled by Du So's sudden change and looked at each other. Janghyup sympathized with Duso, saying that it was right to conquer Baekje for the safety of the country when the western periphery was stabilized. Then, the trend tilted toward punishing Baekje. But what really mattered was who to send. The competent young men had already been dismissed. The controversy ended at the point where the divided parties agreed to send someone who could successfully conquer Baekje. So far it's been very natural. Duso seemed to have become a loyalist to establish the nation's spirit. It had no choice but to look like that when it was asked to conquer Baekje, the enemy of Goguryeo. But things happened in a completely different place. Praise for Prince Damdeok was circulated among the people. Then, rumors spread that the prince himself was punishing Baekje. And now, it was said that he would go to the southern Pyongyang castle immediately. It was a ploy to send Prince Damdeok away from the national fortress. Otherwise, there was no way that the prince was suddenly mentioned among the people and that he would go to the South Pyongyang Province. The prince was busy training martial arts around this time. Moreover, even if you are a man of great ambition, no one would say that you should send a young child who is 13 years old to the conquest of Baekje. Now the prince was swept away by this rumor and had to decide, regardless of his will. But any decision was entrapped. If he didn't go to court, he had to endure a political blow at a young age. On the contrary, the question of whether it could win the battle against Baekje remained, although it was a courageous and courageous decision if it battle against Baekje. If defeated or caught in the conquest of Baekje, the future will be bleak. Prince Damdeok left the palace, leaving his disturbed mind behind, and went up to Hwandosan Mountain, where Winaamseong Fortress is located. Since he was a prince's status, there was a great concern that he would be exposed to the perspective of his surroundings, but when he met the old man Shin Geum and went for martial arts training, he was always short. The only people who knew that the martial arts he learned from the old man of Singeum reached a high level and that the Shindan Sword Method was also in its completion stage were the crown prince and the old man of Singeum. "Teacher, I'm here to greet you." It was the sound of the prince calling in front of the hut where the old man Shin Geum lives. The door of the hut opened, and the old man Shingeum appeared.

"I'm proud that you made the decision to go to the battlefield at a young age, but isn't it too dangerous?" Old man Shin Geum asked as if he already knew what the prince was trying to talk about. "I am about to succeed His Majesty as the sovereign of this country in the future. I thought I had to set an example for my country's prosperity." "Coward would be offensive to the ear." "Of course, it wouldn't be good to wear the label of a coward." But it's a conclusion that I've come to think about how it's right to build strength." "Build strength?" "Yes. In order for Goguryeo to prevent foreign invasion and overcome the crisis, it must have strong power. However, Goguryeo is currently not internally centered. Above all, the power of the royal family is weaker than the power of the gods. I decided to go to war to get a foothold to build up my strength." "Have you ever endured seeing young generals suffer? What's the difference now that you've put up with it?" "Patience is the process of building strength. However, in the current state of the country, we cannot promise the future. Political defeat is great, but we cannot guarantee the safety of young generals. It's going to end up sitting down and slowly sinking." The prince made his resolution firm in front of his teacher. His passionate words of resolution continued. "We need space to grow our strength. I wouldn't mind any adversity if I could keep my balance. Moreover, there is no reason to miss this golden opportunity when they say they will prepare it on their own," the old man Shin Geum asked in a side dish tone. "You have a great spirit. However, if you want to visit Baekje, you will have to take measures against it..." "It will never be difficult if you go with young generals." Prince Damdeok decided to join hands with young generals and go on a trip to build the nation's spirit. The old man Singeum picked up something and came out to the yard and approached the prince. What he was holding was Gyeonggung and tradition. The old man Shin Geum handed a bow and arrow to the prince and said, "There are never two suns in the sky. However, there are two suns rising in the sky of Goguryeo. This is not only against natural laws, but also against the laws of human life. How can I correct this?" The prince could understand what the old man meant. "If there were two suns in the sky of Goguryeo, I would shoot down one of them." After saying that, the prince pulled a bowstring toward the hot sun and fired an arrow. The arrow, fired high into the sky, flew far away and disappeared from the crown prince's sight. Source: Jeong Il-ho, Kingdom of Heaven and Goguryeo

■ Alexander Gwanggaeto the Great of Northeast Asia 2. The spirit of young generals (7)

 On a clear April morning, spring came amid the still cold winter. The sprouts, which had shrunk throughout the winter, actively engaged in life activities to sprout. The vital energy collapsed helplessly. As if stimulated by the flow of nature, people's activities were also lively. This was first seen in the movement of especially vigorous young people. Since morning, some young people have been gathering in twos and threes and going somewhere. Dressed in hunting gear, they looked full of energy. Today is the day of the hunting contest. Today is the day of the youth conference, which excited the domesticity with the atmosphere of the festival. The faces of the young people were a little flushed, and the enthusiasm of youth was overflowing. When Hae Woo-sung reached the place of the hunting competition with a beating heart, countless young people were already gathered there. About a thousand people looked well over. The results of the passionate preparation were showing. Hae Woo-sung regained his mind by looking at the energetic young people. It should not be a national game. But you shouldn't be a coward. It should be made into a venue for a festival to build up the spirit of young people.' When Hae Woo-seong walked a little, he saw Moduru, Busabi, and Changyeo-ji. The momentum of Moduru, Busabi, and Changyeo-ji was definitely noticeable. Hae Woo-sung approached them and smiled happily. Through this, they reaffirmed that today's hunting competition should be a place where young people's spirit that will bear the future of their country is revealed. Busabi, Moduru, and Changyeo-ji stepped forward in front of young people. Then thousands of eyes gathered on them. All the bases opened their mouths first. "Dear young people who attended the hunting contest, today is a day to show off their spirit and spirit. Even if I wanted to wake up as a young man now, I couldn't have such an opportunity. I wanted to show you the power and passion of a young man, but there was no place to do it... ...and that was set up today. The hunting competition of young people, who have been looking forward to and longed for, was held successfully." When Moduru declared the start of the hunting competition, the young people who gathered shouted in unison. The shouts moved heaven and earth and remained. Everyone gave a speech in a passionate voice. "..... Hunting competitions are not just games. It's a place where you demonstrate your martial arts and skills that you've honed... ...as a young Goguryeo man, you're demonstrating your dashing spirit. Let's show the spirit and courage of Goguryeo youth by showing your martial arts skills to the fullest in hunting games. So let's declare to the world that a young Goguryeo man is alive." A thunderous applause rang through the mountain. Chang Yeo-ji followed in a loud voice, "...the young man is the pillar of the nation. Goguryeo is on the young man's two shoulders. At the heart of the hunt is the spirit of commerce. The spirit of commerce is the source of Goguryeo's spirit... The youth of Goguryeo should be armed with the spirit of commerce first of all. Let's love the people and be the true leader of Goguryeo who protects our country. Let's do our best in today's hunting competition and remember the spirit of our youth." When Chang Yeo-ji finished her speech, Busabi stepped up next. "..... The Goguryeo Kingdom, surrounded on all sides, has been invaded by foreign enemies countless times. But each time they fought back... the people who fought the invasion with their bare bodies, and it was the people's determined determination to win the expedition... to take the people as heaven and be the strong shield of their country... Let's build up the spirit of Goguryeo with the heroic spirit of the young people." Again, applause rang out in the mountains. "Today's hunting competition will be divided into three groups. Please cooperate with us... ...today's hunt should be a festival with the people. So I suggest that some of the game be served as a snack for today's banquet and all the rest be distributed to the people." "Right!" The young people agreed with Busabi's suggestion. Busabi, Moduru, and Changyeoji each raised flags. Then he ran his horse and took his position. Then the young people voluntarily moved to arrange into three groups looking at the flagpole. A youth squad, united with passion and spirit, was organized in perfect order. "Let's train with martial arts and build the spirit of youth!" "Let's build the spirit of Goguryeo armed with a commercial spirit!" "Let's love the people and be a true young man who protects our country!" The strong shouts from each unit echoed in the mountain. A series of shouts soon gathered together. The cry echoed the sky and vibrated the ground. The world woke up again, and fear and defeat disappeared like snow. The commercial spirit of Goguryeo, which was sleeping with the spirit of a young man, wriggled. The hollow chest spread out into the temple. At the forefront of the unit, Moduru, Busabi, and Changyeo-ji finally rang the signal of advance. The horses began to run at the same time as the loud shouts rang again. With the spirit of the youth and the hoof of the horse, heaven and earth seemed to open. Horses also jumped faster because they were surprised by the shouts of young people. It was thought that the cold wind of winter was over, but the winter of Naeseong Fortress, the national capital of Goguryeo, did not try to give up its place easily due to the spring wind. A man named Kkotsaem Cold came in an instant and gave a cold wind. It brought about a harsher cold as if it were a single-barred attack. The domesticity, which had revived the spirit of commerce and stirred by the hunting competition, was overwhelmed by ultra-tension. The young generals who led the hunting competition were arrested. The hunting competition held by young generals was grand. There were countless prey caught in the hunt, including deer and wild boars. Representatives of the competition distributed most of the game to the people and used the rest to hold banquets. Everything went smoothly. However, the atmosphere changed when someone criticized Du So Kuksang during the banquet. The government's policy was criticized here and there. He was even convicted of treason for submitting to the latter part and retreating the army. The young generals who led the competition tried to calm down. However, the youth's spirit was out of control and eventually turned to impulsive behavior. In the end, soldiers who were ordered by the two small states were dispatched to arrest young people. Many young people were captured, and the young generals who led the hunting competition were also arrested for responsibility for the incident. Domesticity has been further frozen since the incident. Those involved in the hunt didn't know what kind of noose would be put on. People were watching the repercussions of the incident in silence. After the arrest of young generals, Hae Woo-sung visited Janghyup. Hae Woo-sung asked him to save the young generals. He was silent because he knew what Hae Woo-sung was going to say. Then Hae Woo-sung said again. "I also went to the hunting competition, but it was a festival where young people gathered together to show their mettle. But the atmosphere changed suddenly by someone. It was definitely a plot to get rid of young generals." "Not only did he complain about the mediation, but he also exercised his power..." Jang Hyeop acknowledged Hae Woo-sung's words but asked back. "If you were going to complain about the mediation, would you have done it at the rally or at the banquet? It used the energy of young people to induce reckless behavior. Young generals were only caught in the conspiracy without sin." Jang Hyeop knew without Hae Woo-sung's words, but he was not an official to say anything to him. It was fortunate that it was confirmed that the prenatal care was not involved just because he was not linked, and that he was not ignoring his words to handle it cautiously. Jang Hyeop just stared at Haewoosung. But Hae Woo-sung did not step down from here. "You may never be safe because you were arrested for conspiracy. When young generals are killed, not only the Holy Father but also the Crown Prince... And, uh, a big man. There's no time to lose. You have to step up and get on with it." Jang Hyeop felt heavy pressure from Hae Woo-sung's struggle to save the young generals. It felt like a threat that it would never be good for you if the young generals were injured, whether they were royal or Dusso. Jang Hyeop asked awkwardly. "If it were planned, it would not be easy to give up young generals..." "It would be possible if we could get a command to deprive them of their official posts and keep them modest," Hae Woo-sung said without delay, as if he had been waiting in advance. "Um..." For a moment, a groan escaped from Janghyup's mouth. Hae Woo-sung's meticulous judgment of the situation was surprising. If Du So decided to eliminate young generals, he would not give it away easily, so he decided to take out the punishment first. Jang Hyeop reproached him for revealing his innermost thoughts even for a moment, and he braced himself again and pretended to be quite relaxed. 'Can you throw young generals out on such a case?' '...' 'Don't worry, I'll see for myself." Jang Hyeop said he would try to Hae Woo-sung, but he never intended to follow his words immediately. Time was on his side. As time went by, he was able to reveal the value of his existence to the royal family and the state funeral. Taking a neutral stance on the national flag and the royal family will make the prince and young generals more fretful, and the national flag will be wary of him. Then, we will naturally be able to approach the initiative in state affairs. While Janghyup was dragging his feet, there was a sound from Kuksang that young generals had attempted a treason plot. A conspiracy was being revealed by the Du So group. However, there was no notable action or movement on the royal side. Everything was going as Du So intended. The weight of the scale was leaning toward the cow. At this time, Janghyup met the late King Gukyang while coughing continuously. He judged that the time was ripe to appeal the problems of young generals. The late King Gukyang seemed to have already predicted that Janghyup would come. "What do you want me to do?

" It was a direct question from the late King Gukyang. "It seems that the young generals, though at fault, were not deliberately opposed to the mediation. However, having caused such a mishap with his body in government office... ...I should think that he deserves to be punished for the time being to dismiss the government post." The late King Gukyang nodded his head and sent a letter directly to Jang Hyup. Not long after running the horse, Janghyup arrived in front of Du So's office. He stopped talking, and then proceeded with a group of soldiers to the state funeral. Du So greeted him with an expression of great surprise at the appearance of Janghyup. "Please accept the name of the king," shouted a soldier accompanied by Janghyup. Duso bent his knees at the word "Eomyeong." However, his expression of displeasure was clear in the way he gave his name. "...the prime minister's arrest of young men who spoke ill of the peace was due to his loyalty to the country... ...and the young generals are in government posts... ...and are guilty of causing unrest... ...for deprivation, resignation and self-restraint. Do this immediately." Dooso, who received the report, could not hide his displeasure. All I could think of was that something was wrong for a long time. During the reign of King Soosurim, the phenomenon of Janghyup and King Soosurim cooperating to isolate him seemed to be reproduced. Du So was not afraid of the royal family or each young man. But I was afraid that they would be linked. The power will be enormous. I had to stop it. I had to nip the bud firmly from the beginning. So, Dongyeondan was asked to prepare it carefully. The party did not betray his faith. Now I can solve my headache in a little while. Suddenly, however, the royal family and Janghyup have fought back. Dooso tried to regain his composure and grasp the situation. His mind was already traveling 10 million miles, with his sense of smell moving quickly. Jang Hyeop just talked like a good-natured person, receiving the attention of Du So. "The national service has been very great. It's no good criticizing the government. It's a good thing that you plucked the roots in the first place." "I just did what I had to do, but..." "The Holy Father greatly praised the state. His Majesty gave me a strict command to deliver this." Janghyup secretly showed off that he was a mediator in the relationship between the royal family and the state. Du So's expression was distorted for a moment. The examination was warped. The king said he praised his contribution, but he did not send down any gifts. Moreover, it is delivering Janghyup, which is like a scarecrow with a lively mouth. "Thank you for your kindness." Duso calmed down his anger in his heart and had a courtesy to the king. He had to calmly respond to the royal family, which is taking educational measures to cut his own flesh. However, when he reached the part where he talked about the king's holy grail, his face heated up. I was forced to admit defeat. If young generals claimed to have plotted against them, they could have at least killed them by depriving them of office. Therefore, deprivation of office was never a severe punishment. It had already been secured. I had to show everyone that at the very least I could oppose him and not be safe. This was the spirit. His act is praised as an act of loyalty under the name of his family and severely punished young generals, but in reality, he is to release them. It was an indication that the king would do it even if he committed a crime and the king would do it even if he was released. Eventually, Du So only gave the appearance of obedience to the king. "I will speak to His Majesty of the faithfulness of my state. So now..." "..." Chang-hyeop once again wanted to emphasize that he was a mediator. He greeted Dooso and parted ways, leaving the office of the state funeral. His face was triumphant with the look of the winner. The more the royal family competes, the more likely he will be to win. A mysterious smile was young at the corners of his mouth. Source: Jeong Il-ho, Kingdom of Heaven and Goguryeo

■ Alexander Gwanggaeto the Great of Northeast Asia 2. The spirit of young generals (6)

 Dongyeondan immediately headed to Du So's office. Du So was looking at the house. Originally, it was not possible to do the work of the government office at the private residence, but as the power grew, Dooso handled it at the private residence. There was a person in fancy clothes walking over there. He even wrote a book on his head, and the width of the sleeves was so wide that the width of the water polo reached the ground. From the appearance of his behavior, it was clear that he was Du So's son Du Chil. This is because no one can wear such clothes, and it was only possible for the national family to wear them comparable to the royal family. "Where are you busy going?" the party greeted politely. "Oh, it's a bookshop. I'm also... I'm busy, so I'm going to..." Doo Chil's behavior was still arrogant. However, compared to the past, it was quite different, and after knowing the contribution of Dongyeondan, he did not treat it carelessly. When he entered Duso's office, Duso motioned him to sit down. Du So has been living with comrades in Yarrow to establish a powerful Goguryeo kingdom since King So Soo-rim was a prince. His youth was also the youth of King So Soo-rim. However, after King So Soo-rim ascended the throne, such a relationship began to change. King Soorim wanted to strengthen the royal power, and Du So wanted to guarantee more rights of aristocratic forces. This was a clash between the royal family and the aristocratic forces. In order to strengthen the royal authority, King Soorim was wary of Du So and brought General Gojin and Janghyup closer. Janghyup tried to avoid friction with Duso while following the orders of King Sosurim. He was trying to maintain a neutral stance. The confrontation between the royal family and Du So seemed to result in the victory of King So Soo-rim. However, the situation reversed when King So Soo-rim became ill. Duso began to regain power using strong military power, and eventually took the position of state minister. When he became a national figure, Duso tried to firmly instill his power. It was impossible to know when he would be hit back by the royal family and fall if he did not plant his own power. The dream of his youth, when he vowed to build Goguryeo as a powerful giant kingdom with King Sosurim, was a long-ago dream. Du So did everything he could to take control of the court. Thus, his soldiers did not reach the point of completely overpowering the royal family, but they reached the level of the royal family. The backbone of power was also largely dominated by the Duso faction. The late King Gukyang, who succeeded King So Soo-rim, also failed to treat Du-so carelessly. In fact, Du So dominated and led the Goguryeo Kingdom. There was no one to be afraid of for these two. But now Duso has something to worry about. It was because of young generals who followed Prince Damdeok. Prince Damdeok was bold even at a young age. The spirit and spirit of the young generals were frightening. If they held hands together, it could be a threat. Such a situation had to be prevented in advance. Duso continued to agonize and finally found the solution. It was a plan to first use hands to join the young general. No matter how bold and smart the prince may be, he cannot do anything alone without young generals. Moreover, he is still only a child. If you eliminate the forces that can be with him in advance, you will struggle alone and give in.' Du So smiled brightly and pointed at Busabi as the first target of a young man who would attract him to his side. Busabi was a disciple of General Seokpae, who was his close friend when he was young. Even if General Seok-pae left him, Busabi would not be able to turn a blind eye to his once-close friend. It bothered me to come up to the national road with Damdeok, but it was still difficult to say that he had taken full root in domesticity. I had to use my hands quickly. If Busabi was on his side, he would have won a thousand troops. Busabi was recognized as a young man's hero and was working in a military unit of the Succupy Army. Du So gave the Dongyeondan a mission to attract him somehow, as he would spare all support. Dongyeondan noticed the hidden meaning of saying how Busabi's work was handled from Du So's expressionless appearance. However, when I tried to talk, I could see what Du So was thinking. Although he met Busabi, he was rejected in a good way. The association judged that it was impossible from the time Dooso tried to recruit Busabi. Even if his master was once close friends with Dooso, he ended up breaking up and leaving. It was Busabi who trained martial arts under such a master. Moreover, he, who lost his family to Khitan and went on an expedition to Huayeon, could not approve of Du So's peaceful foreign policy. Even if they don't know, it's fortunate that they don't resent Dooso. However, he had no choice but to try because it was Dooso's mission. The results were also predictable. The party hesitated to speak. Duso caught it sensitively and pretended not to know. "Vousavi is a completely inflexible man. It was stuck." "It could be because you're young." It was Du So's reply that there was no excuse. "No, I even said that I had high expectations for the state, citing my close friendship with General Seok-pae, but the answer was..." "... "I said that the country's affairs are more important than private things." "The country's affairs are more important?" "I've had a lot of dissatisfaction with the state, not to mention the peaceful foreign policy of the latter." "...." "I'm sure they'll oppose it later in connection with Prince Damdeok." "What's the sign?" "The movement of young people is extraordinary these days. "There seems to be something going on." "The youth movement is unusual?" "There's a lot of talk going on in the youth these days." "The hunting contest?" "But it's a youthful spirit, a hunting contest, but the reality is... there's no connection between the two." He knew the party was provoking anger at young generals to escape responsibility. But I hated young men more than his tricks. I couldn't allow myself to dare challenge him. Du So spoke in a clear tone. "I'll leave this to you, so make sure you're clean." The answer was that if you're not on your side, if you're not on your side, you can't let it be, so you have to get rid of young generals, including Busabi. "Don't worry," Du So expressed his confidence in Dongyeondan's words with soft eyes. Dongyeondan recognized his intention to overpower the forces that will later challenge. The troupe left the office of Du So with a smile of satisfaction. With Du So's trust, his future seemed to be solid. It was not difficult to grasp the movements of young people and trap them. The east wing's head towards his place went more and more briskly. Source: Jeong Il-ho, Kingdom of Heaven and Goguryeo