Characteristics of Egyptian civilization

 1. Benefits of the Nile River.

Ancient prawns were all civilizations, but Egypt is special. In short, without the Nile, there is no Egypt. The "green belt," which is glued to both sides of the Nile, is Egyptian, and a little out of the narrow green area unfolds a barren desert area where humans cannot survive. In addition, both sides form a sheer cliff, so they do not flood as much as other prawns. Regular flooding of the Nile River is mysteriously moderate and regular.

Like other civilized prawns, there is no way to cause a great flood, sweeping away people, livestock, and rice fields, or causing a great famine with a drought so intense that irrigation is impossible. Rather, regular and moderate flooding carries fertile corrosion soil from upstream to downstream every year. That's why they didn't have to put much effort into the measurements, and they only had to enjoy the benefits of Nile through irrigation. In addition, Nail brought numerous fish families and birds to the Egyptians. Paintings and sculptures after the ancient kingdom period depict the hunting of these abundant fish and birds.

 

2. Closedness due to the natural environment.

In Egypt, if the Nile mainly affected economically, the overall natural conditions determined its character throughout the culture. Surrounded by barren deserts in the east and west, seas in the north, and jungles in Nubia in the south, Egypt was not invaded by outside. The grace of the Nile and the Sun was guaranteed forever, and there was no nation or culture comparable to Egypt around it. So they despised their country as a "country of black soil" and other lands other than Egypt as a "country of red soil." Therefore, it was only natural for the Egyptians to have a sense of national superiority at the beginning of history. This can be said to be the best neutralization idea of mankind. It is natural that Egypt, which has lived peacefully in isolated areas for a long time and had already reached the highest level in the early days, passed on its early cultural typical to future generations, so even those without archaeological knowledge have Egyptian characteristics.

However, to some point in history, these things worked positively, but later they acted as negative factors. As Toynbee said, the conditions for civilization development are to respond to challenges. This unique "water composition" of the 3,000 years of Egyptian civilization also indicates in a sense that there is no flexibility in civilization's development. Because of this, Egypt was the fastest in the ancient Orient world to bloom and achieve a high degree of civilization, but its power was much lower than that of Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia has always introduced heterogeneous cultures and ethnicities, so other ethnic groups were able to accept the culture and form and develop it into an independent culture that was not bound by a "frame."

 

3. Pyramid.

The pyramid was developed from Mastaba during the early dynasty and continued until the royal tomb took the form of a rock cave at the beginning of the 18th dynasty. Choi Seong-gi is the 3rd to 5th dynasties and is called the Pyramid Age. The best pyramid was designed by the re-appointing Im Hotelf as the Stairway Pyramid of King Josher, the second king of the third dynasty in Sakara. At first, it is a rectangular stone mastava with a side of 63m, and a 28m deep blood transfusion was dug in the center and a burial room was built under it. However, the expansion work began, and eventually, a staircase pyramid with a base of 109×126m and a height of 62m in the shape of a six-stage stack of mastaba was completed. Religiously, this is the result of the worship of the sun god, which has existed since ancient times, centered on Heliopolis, linked to Pian's faith, and the stairs can be thought to be for the dead king to climb into the sky.

The connection with the sun god became more intimate with the emergence of the orthodox pyramid later. The pyramid itself is a facility to protect the king's mummy. However, there was also a need for a place where rituals were held by displaying food and various items. So, Jangjejeon Hall was built in the north of the pyramid, and Sinjeon Hall, Sosinjeon Hall, and Jungjeong Pavilion were built in the east, and Daejungjeong Pavilion with altars in the south, and they were surrounded by Saga-shaped main walls of 10m high, 277m east-west, and 545m north-south. These are called 'pyramid complexes'.

 

4. Mummy.

It is a body treated so that it can be enjoyed or stored for a long time in other ways according to the ancient Egyptians' treatment of bodies.The Egyptians were afraid because of the idea that one day their world would disappear. They believed in the power of magic and created a funeral ceremony that seemed to promise eternal life in their eyes. The body is preserved in this ritual. Mummy makers first take the bodies to their workshop, the House of Beauty. They cut the left part of the body with a stone knife, took out the liver and lungs, and dried them and stored them in a special bowl called Canopus Complex. The brain was also removed, but the heart was left intact, allowing it to weigh the heart in the after-life, and then the body was covered with natron (soda stone) crystals to prevent rotting, and dry materials such as leaves and sawdust were filled in the body, and the amapo was wound around it.In Egypt, the processing process varied from time to time, but only the method of removing the intestines and applying resin to the body and wrapping it with Mapo was always constant.In addition to Egypt, tribes living on the coast of the Torus Strait between the Canary Islands' Guan chain, New Guinea, and Australia, and Incas in South America also made mummies.Egyptian mummies were generally considered effective as they were treated as counter-corrospMummy is a word from the Arabic word mumiyah, which means reverse hearing in Portuguese. In the Middle Ages, breaking mummies into powder became a very important medicinal ingredient. However, people of this era did not recognize that the medicinal effects of mummies were in Yeokcheong, and made fake mummies from the bodies of felons or suicide people.In Europe, mummies were bought and sold as goods until the 18th century.