Phoenicians who dominated the sea.

 People of Semitic descent settled on the coasts of Lebanon, Syria, and Israel around 3000 BC and built many cities. They are the Phoenicians. The cities they created include Viblos, Tyrus, Sidon, Baalbek, and Ugarit. It is a city created by the Phoenicians of Carthago, who later fought three Punic wars with Rome.

  Phoenician was an important maritime country in the Mediterranean Sea. The Mediterranean Sea, which means "the sea in the middle of the ground," spans Europe and Asia. The Phoenicians sailed around the Mediterranean Sea by boat from an early age, and through trade, they gained great power. That's why the western part of the Mediterranean Sea was also called the Lake of Phoenician.

  The adventurous Phoenicians sailed over the Strait of Gibraltar by boat to the Atlantic Ocean. It is said that they even went to the ports of Northern Europe and the coast of Africa to do business. The Phoenicians exported gold, silver, ivory, glass crafts, cedar, wine, and olive oil. In particular, Tyrus was the center of purple dye production named Tyrian Purple. The name "Penikia" also comes from the Greek word for purple.The Phoenicians were able to dominate the sea thanks to the technology of building excellent ships. Phoenician ships were made very strong, and ships, including about 60 rowing slaves, sailed full, and ships carried by soldiers guarded them for safety.

  The Phoenicians also played a role in conveying culture because they traveled around the world for business. It was thanks to Phoenician merchants that Orient's culture was able to be passed down to Europe.

  Phoenician merchants told not only alphabets but also other countries how to make glass bowls. As for the first person to make glass, there are theories that he is Egyptian and that he is a Phoenician merchant, but it is not clear.

  The cities established by the Phoenicians were not unified into one country, but were each independent form. There was a king in the city, but the authority was weak, and influential merchants united to rule the city with the king. Phoenician interacted with Egypt from around 2900 BC, and Phoenician, which did not have a state system, was ruled by Egypt and Hittite in the 15th and 13th centuries BC. However, with the fall of the Hitite, it has enjoyed its heyday for more than 250 years since then. However, Phoenician was once again ruled by Asyria and Persian, and in the first century BC, it was finally included in the Roman Empire.