The Origin of Egyptian Civilization

 1. Birth of civilization.

The first civilization took place in a large river basin. The first places where civilization took place were the Tigris Euphrates basin and the Nile basin in West Asia. Later than this, civilization also took place in the Indus River basin in northwest India, and civilization began in the Yellow River basin in Northeast Asia. The reason civilization occurred in the four major river basins is that there is a subtropical climate that is advantageous for human life, and because it is along a large river, fishing life is possible, and transportation is convenient, making it a good place for people to live. Regular river flooding carried fertile soil downstream from the upper stream, providing great benefits to ancient agriculture dominated by natural conditions. River flooding was a great ordeal for humans, but this rather fostered human wisdom and ability to overcome nature, laying the foundation for common life and city-states to create civilization.

 

 

2. Changes in civilization.

Ham established about 40 city-states (Nomos) (around 4000 B.C.) and then merged into the upper and lower kingdoms around 3500 B.C., and a unified kingdom was established around 3000 B.C. After the establishment of the unified dynasty, the 26th dynasty flourished, which can be largely divided into about three periods.

 

    (1) The Old Kingdom (B.C.2850-2060)

       1~10 dynasties.

       Capital: Memphis

       Pyramid construction.

    (2) The Middle Kingdom (B.C.2060-1670)

       11~17 dynasties.

       Capital: Thebes

       B.C. Since 1670, the rule of Higgsos.

    (3) The New Kingdom Period (B.C.1570-525)

       18~26 dynasties.

       Capital: Amarna

    (4) The fall of the Persian Empire.

 

Around 1700 B.C., it was once ruled by Hixoso during the Middle Kingdom, but it was driven out and advanced to Syria. It was then destroyed by the Persian in 525 B.C.