In the 100th year of Mokpo Port, Sinuiju of the True Yalu River, Jinnampo of the Daedong River, Incheon of the Han River, Gunsan of the Geumgang River, and Mokpo were built on the Yeongsangang River. The opening of the port was concentrated in the estuary where the river and the sea meet, which shows the intention of the maritime empires entering through the sea to extend to the colonial interior along the river, which is the lifeline.On July 4, 1897, the Joseon government notified the envoys of an edict to open two ports, Mokpo and Jinnampo, for foreign trade and to permit foreign residents on October 1 of the same year. ▲ A panoramic view of downtown Mokpo from the top of Yudalsan Mountain.Walking through Mokpo Port, you can see that the theory of colonial development was a fabrication based solely on national discrimination and exploitation. ●Inoue left Incheon on January 6, 1895 by steamer and inspected the southwest coast for about a month and a half, and suggested that Mokpo is the most reasonable area. However, regardless of Japanese external pressure, the early port opening was still limited as the Korean Empire, but it secured independence. Although the port was opened in a hurry due to Japanese pressure, it was opened independently by the edict with the aim of expanding commerce and developing the interests of the Republic. The start of Mokpo was very lively. As it was independent, the initial construction did not go as Japan wished. This is because the power of the Korean Empire is crazy. Urban construction other than Jogyeji is entirely done by Koreans. However, things change after the Russo-Japanese War. The Military Police Detention Center is established and it takes a daunting step. Finally, in 1906, Wakayama, the director of the Japanese board of directors in Mokpo, took away the authority over each country's residences. As a result, Mokpo Open Port fell into the hands of the Japanese. After the merger between Korea and Japan, the Japanese government first changed the city area to a Japanese style of 33 tablets and 51 parcels. Machi is discriminated from the name by attaching Japanese streets and Korean streets with dong. In other words, Mokpo was born with urban planning duality. Like aristocrats in Bukchon and Japanese in Namchon, Seoul, it is divided into Japanese villages (joint settlement areas of each country) and Joseon villages (formerly Mokpo-bu).In his debut work "Chuseok Eve," Park Hwa-sung, a companion artist from Mokpo, said, "My husband is always a single house, and in the center, there are thatched houses and four thatched houses, and in the northeast, there are Western houses, schools, and chapels. When I saw Yudalsan Mountain on the other side again, the house was completely slum because the hut-like hut with only a hole in the stone covered the mountain.' Professor Ko Seok-gyu (author of Mokpo History and Space Culture of Mokpo, a modern city), who noted the dual nature of Mokpo City, which was clearly divided into Japan and Korea, summarized that "colonial modern cities, including Seoul, during the Japanese occupation, have both the double nature and the oppression of colonization." ▲ Map of Mokpojin, which belonged to Muan.You can see Samhakdo Island at the bottom and Yudalsan Mountain at the top. ● The sea loses the river and the river loses the sea... In order to better understand Mokpo, it is impossible to explain except for the Yeongsangang River. Therefore, I chose a boat route from Bukgwanjeong Pavilion in Yeongsanpo to Hagueon in Mokpo. As the movement to save the Yeongsangang River was in full swing, several heads of institutions below the provincial governor boarded the boat. The ship went down the Yeongsangang River, rested for a while at Mongtanaru Ferry in Yeongam, and flowed leisurely again, and was blocked at Hagueon. At that point, Namak New Town, the former site of Jeollanam-do Provincial Government, can be seen by the river. In other words, Mokpo is a key point located on the road where the Yeongsangang River meets the sea, and the sea loses the river, and the river loses the sea, which is ruined. As the sea boats went up and down, Gwangju City, a city that directly connected to the sea, became a city of disconnection where even the river water was cut off, not to mention the sea. Earlier, in Taekji-ri, Lee Jung-hwan-do, the Yeongsangang River flows westward to Muan Mokpo...Across the river is a large plain...The wind is sunny, the land is wide, and the goods are abundant, so the southwest river and the sea are called Myeong-eup along with Gwangju because they control the interests of transportation.' Therefore, it is very wrong to regard Gwangju as only an inland city, and if the estuary explodes, it will be possible to return to a marine-linked city. ● Mokpo, where discrimination between Japanese and Korean villages is serious, has continued to develop. As a gateway to Jeollanam-do and the center of a production group, it has become an important port and a key point of commerce in Joseon.The population exceeded 60,000 in the 1930s. In Jeollanam-do, he was the first to be baptized by modern civilization and was so ahead that he was one of the top five in the country. However, the baptism was not evenly distributed, regardless of person or area. Discrimination has been seen everywhere. In particular, discrimination against Japanese and Korean villages was so serious that it was a major characteristic of Japanese colonial era Mokpo urbanization. The Japanese decorated the city to make it easier for them to live. Stations, government offices, banks, schools, markets, and other major institutions that perform modern functions were established in a close and convenient place. Water and sewage, road pavement, transportation and communication, electricity, gas, health, and hygiene were also installed mainly by the Japanese. The swing streets were organized, clean and convenient. On the other hand, the streets of Koreans were so miserable. ▲ Korean villages (left) and Japanese villages adjacent to Mokpo Port during the Japanese colonial period.At that time, discrimination against the two villages was severe. The back of Mokpo Port, a commercial city, was the place where defeated groups and bot peddlers wandered in the rural area. Young people went out on the street with fish sellers and crabbees, women with Deokjangsu and sweet potato merchants, boys with Genmai bread, Denppura, towel socks, and girls with soybean oil and vegetables. They were miserable because they were forced out of traffic control. There was a queue of suicides due to the hardships of life. The beggars also roamed about. There was a huge number of stray streets, which were full of prostitutes and sexually transmitted diseases.It was too miserable to be a 'port romance'. ●In Mokpo City, Professor Ko suggested an interesting way to distinguish Mokpo City as follows, running from the Yeongsangang River estuary, the Street Museum."If the Jeollanam-do Provincial Government site along the Yeongsangang River is 21st century-style, the Hanae city built in the 1990s on landfill in the 1980s is rationalistic. Beyond the 90s rationalism streets where new motels coexist with apartments, there is a cultural street with public facilities such as the National Maritime Museum. There is a 1970s-style street made by the World Bank (IBRD), and it is impossible to go straight anywhere by vaguely creating a T-shaped road to create a pedestrian-centered street. You can see Samhakdo over there and you can see Yudalsan Mountain. That's downtown Mokpo, where the streets of Koreans and Japanese were divided." At this point, it is the Street Museum. With the coexistence of Japanese, Korean, 70s, 80s, 90s, and 21st century styles, it has been piled up one by one to create a port city. The first Mokpo exploration site, which eloquently speaks of the past 100 years, may be the Japanese consulate used as the Mokpo Cultural Center today.Built in 1900 (the 37th year of King Gojong's reign), it was built by a Russian architect, and it remains solid even after 100 years, with a high-end marble fireplace installed. From here, you can see the area of even Japanese people, including Dongchaek, at a glance. It has established itself proudly in an authoritative position. It was used as a board office in Mokpo and a deputy office in Mokpo, and after liberation, it was used as a city hall and a municipal library. A little down from the Cultural Center, you will see the stone building of Oriental Cheoksiksa.It is said that in the 1920s, it was moved from Yeongsanpo to here after doing a lot of bad things, and it is an institution that grew up by sucking up the high blood of Namdo. The Dongchuk Mokpo branch collected the largest tenant fees in the country and was a symbol of colonial exploitation with real estate collateral loans and usages.Lee Nan-young's song "Tears of Mokpo," which was popular in the 1930s, must flow with such a sad story. It is the only one left in the country along with the Busan branch in Dongchuck as citizens are ready to revive what was owned by the Navy and on the verge of being abolished. The highlight is also Lee Hoon-dong Garden.It is said to be 1999 pyeong, but it was built by a man named Uchidani Manpae in the 1930s. After Korea's liberation from Japanese colonial rule, the Coast Guard was stationed, and it was transferred to Lee Hoon-dong (from Haenam in 1917), who established Joseon Naehwa in 1947 through the ownership of Park Ki-bae, a lawmaker. It is located at the southern foot of Yudalsan Mountain, the guardian mountain of Mokpo, and consists of an entrance garden, an affordable garden, an Imcheon garden, and a sponsorship. It is the largest garden in Namdo, and there are 113 kinds of trees, so it is a repository of warm local plants. In addition to Japanese-style stone lanterns, Japanese-style tea gardens, ponds, and stone pagodas are arranged. If you look up from the garden, you can see Nojeokbong Peak. The legendary protagonist, who defeated Admiral Yi Sun-shin without a fight by making him wear a camouflage cliff as a test for the enemy, is looking down at the Waegwan Garden. It's a very ironic part. ● As the Chungmugong camp climbed Nojeokbong Peak as the site of cotton exploitation, you can see Kohado Island in front of your nose. After the Battle of Myeongnyang, Yi Sun-sin moved his camp to Gohado Island on October 29, 1597, stockpiling military rice, and reorganizing his power, and then moving his camp to Gogeumdo Island on February 17 of the following year.In 1722, Oh Jung-ju, the controller, and Lee Bong-sang, the fifth-generation descendant of Chungmugong, built a monument to Lee Chungmugong's ancient capital in the ruins to this day. There is another monument at the dock of Kohado Island, which is the birth monument of Joseon's land.In 1899, the Japanese Consulate began to test-grow U.S. land noodles, and as they succeeded in cultivating them, land noodles spread throughout the country. During the harvest season, Mokpo Port was covered with white cotton, so it was a symbol of Namdo exploitation along with rice. It is another irony that Chungmugong's position was changed to the site of cotton exploitation as the Japanese Consulate General established a monument for the Japanese Consulate in 1936. The 100 years of Mokpo passed so sadly. Who talks about colonial modernity? Who discusses the theory of colonial accumulation and colonial development only with quantitative statistics? It is eloquent that the life of the port, which most clearly shows the human group of the colonial era, was only for the Japanese, and the fruit was irrelevant to the Korean people. Rice and cotton piled up like mountains in Mokpo Port were symbols of the exploitation of the people of Namdo. In other words, I would like to urge some domestic desk theorists to visit Mokpo Port, which is consequently consistent with the fiction of colonial modernism emphasized in Japan's textbook distortion. If you walk through Mokpo Port for an hour, you will soon feel that modern development was a fabrication based solely on national discrimination and exploitation.
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