Who made and used the bi-wave bronze dagger?

 Chang Kwang-jik, a professor at Harvard University who is widely known as the master of Chinese kapnelology, says that the ancient country of Northeast Asia maintained power through rituals and force during the Bronze Age. Rites ruled the people's thoughts, and force ruled the body. The main foundation of the force used at this time was the bronze dagger. In particular, bronze daggers in Northeast Asia are characterized by a different shape from daggers in China and Mongolian meadows.   The Chinese bronze dagger is straight, the Mongolian meadow is curved, and the handle is decorated in the shape of an animal. On the other hand, the Manchuria region is characterized by a dagger made by inserting a handle with a non-waveform geometric beauty and sophistication.   This regional difference in the dagger symbolizing the Bronze Age appears in the difference in the culture and life of the tribes living in the region at the time, and the Manchurian region can at least assume the existence of political forces different from those of China or the Mongolian meadow.   Based on the shape of the non-waveform, some scholars said that this bronze dagger was not for combat, but rather a ceremonial instrument symbolizing the authority of the priest in charge of the ritual. However, it is agreed that most of them are close combat weapons of infantry carrying wooden shields and equipped with large dustproofs, and are lethal weapons that approach the enemy from a close distance.   In fact, behind the view that it is a ceremonial instrument and a combat weapon, there is an important perception of what level political forces in the region are defined. The view that it is a ritual organization is based on the perception that this area is at the level of a tribal union of chiefs with religious authority, and that it is a combat weapon is at the level of an ancient state.   Therefore, based on the general view that the non-wave bronze dagger is a combat weapon, we can first assume a political force with the framework of an ancient state in the region, and the question remains which ethnic group of the main body of the political force.   As is widely known, the excavated areas of the bi-wave bronze dagger generally appear throughout Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, and the Korean Peninsula. According to the views of Son Jin-ki and Geun-feng, the bronze daggers generally appeared in Inner Mongolia and Liaoning provinces were left behind by the Dongho, San Yong, or Dongyi, and the east side of Yoha was left by the Yemaek, the main clan of Gojoseon.   Except for Gojoseon and Buyeo, which developed the history and culture of Manchuria, this view of the Chinese academia is believed to be intended to take the preemptive right between Korea and China over the historical territory by replacing it with the Dongho and Sanyong tribes.   However, the conventional wisdom of Chinese academia based on nationalism has been criticized even among scholars in their countries. Bronze civilization in Manchuria appears with stone tombs, bronze daggers, and bronze mirrors. Therefore, we cannot help but agree that the bronze civilization of this area is an independent cultural heritage that has a certain distance from the Eunju civilization of the Yellow River basin. However, we can never agree with the view that it is Gojoseon's cultural heritage. In other words, the Chinese academic community cannot help but be conscious of the two Koreas, which have historical ties to the Manchuria region.   As a way to solve these problems, the Chinese academic community came up with Dongho, Dongi, and Sanyong, which are recognized to be unrelated to Gojoseon.   Therefore, the question of who is the subject of the non-waveform bronze dagger in Manchuria can be compressed into the following four. The theory is that the first is the Sanyong people, the second is the Dongi people, the third is the Dongi people, and the fourth is the heritage of the Yemaek people.   First, the Sanyong people were a clan that appeared during the Tangyu period (the 21st century before the west) and disappeared during the Spring and Autumn periods, and mainly lived in the drawer Mokryunha basin, a tributary of Yoha. Currently, in Chinese academia, the species that left the Ordos bronze dagger, which generally features curved animal-patterned handles that appear in the Mongolian meadow, has hardened into a tendency to raise the San Yongjok. Therefore, it is excluded from the discussion of the main clan of the non-wave type bronze dagger in the Yoseo area.   Second, the Dongho tribe, along with Sanyong, already appeared in the Judae (12th century B.C.) and disappeared in the Jindae (3rd century B.C.) due to Hun's attack. The main areas of activity are Habukseong Fortress, Yonyeongseong Fortress, Drawer Mokryunha River, and Nohapha basin. Currently, the Chinese academic community sees the culture of the upper class of Hagajooms as a legacy of the Dongho people. Hagajeom Upper Culture is a culture characterized by representative non-wave bronze daggers, and its distribution extends from the drawer Mokryun to the south to the Chilnodo Mountains, Bulgaryosan Mountain, Dalalak to the west, and Yoha to the east.   The period and region of the upper culture of Hagajooms almost coincide with the duration and region of the Dongho people. Therefore, in the Chinese academic world, the bronze culture of Yo-ha moving is conceded as that of Gojoseon, and the view that the west of Yo-ha is harsh as a heritage of the Dongho people is the mainstream. However, there are three major problems that must be overcome and passed in order for the upper-class culture of Haga to be regarded as a cultural heritage of the Dongho people.   The first is the inheritance of culture. The upper-level culture of Haga store inherited Hongsan culture and Sohayeon culture, which are the representative Neolithic cultures of this region. Therefore, if the Dongho tribe is a clan that left the upper class culture of Hagajo, the Dongho tribe's culture and the Neolithic culture in this region cannot have historical succession at all.   Next is the investment of the tribe. According to current conventional wisdom, it is not known where the Dongho tribe originated from. However, it is believed that the Dongho tribe was defeated by Huns and divided into the Ohhwan tribe and Seonbi tribe. On the other hand, Lee Ji-rin of North Korea sees the Dongho people as a title for the various ethnic groups that were mixed between Gojoseon, China, and Hunan, and the main forces are regarded as Goriguk, which is considered the ancestors of Buyeo and Goguryeo. When the Dongho tribe was defeated by the Huns, some moved north and developed into the Ohwan and Seonbi tribes, and some moved to the Samgang Plain and Jilin areas to develop into the forces of northern and eastern women, which were inherited back to Goguryeo.   Finally, it is the ratio of fitting and alloying. The bronze dagger is excavated from the stone tomb system and has a bronze mirror and a single fitting, and its alloy ratio matches the Korean Peninsula, Yoseo, and Yodong areas. Therefore, the non-wave type bronze dagger is a cultural heritage based on technical information of the same power. Therefore, even if the shape of the bi-wave bronze dagger is slightly different, it is inevitable that the people who inherited the stone tomb most faithfully.   Stone tombs have been a representative form of tombs in Manchuria since the Neolithic Age, and are a representative cultural type of the Korean people that leads to Buyeo, Goguryeo, Baekje, and Gaya. The consistent succession of this cultural type is a major basis for denying the validity of the theory that considers the non-wave bronze gallbladder as a homophobic. And it is only the change according to the period and regional characteristics that the form appears differently.   Third, the Dongi were an ancient clan that lived in the Yellow River downstream, Habukseong, and Liaoning provinces from before the 17th century B.C. to the advanced period, and when China was unified by Qin Shi Huang, some became Chinese, and some moved to the Gojoseon area. The culture of the Dongi is mainly agricultural, and the influence of Chinese culture is deeply permeated, and it is a species that is recognized for certain identity with the Eun people who caused the Yellow River civilization. Therefore, if you consider the non-waveform bronze dagger in the Yoseo area as a left-over clan, its succession results in some degree in Gojoseon.   Fourth, the Yemaek people are generally regarded as the main clan that caused Gojoseon. It already appeared on the stage of history in the 17th century B.C., and Bukbal, Mac, Baekmin, Goi, and Baljo, which appear in Chinese literature, are all regarded as members of the Mac family. Their activities are regarded as the northern area of Habukseong Fortress during Sangju, and during the Spring and Autumn Warring States Period, they moved northeast, settled in Gilimseong Fortress and Yodong, and established Buyeo and Goguryeo. Currently, scholars in China, Japan, and Korea almost agree that bronze culture east of Yoha is regarded as a cultural heritage of Gojoseon.   The problem is the Yoseo area west of Yoha. In the early days of Chinese academia, it is not very problematic to see the center of Gojoseon as a Liaodong area, but it is believed that Gojoseon retreated toward Pyongyang during the period when the Yeon Dynasty was strong. It is explained that the culture that appears after that is the Sehyeongdonggeom. Currently, some South Korean scholars agree with this view in the name of conventional wisdom.   On the other hand, Yoon Nae-hyeon, Lee Hyung-gu, and Lee Ji-rin view the subject of the non-wave bronze dagger in the Yoseo area as Gojoseon. It is explained that stone tombs, bronze mirrors, and bronze daggers form a single set, and since the Neolithic Age, the only people who have a soft inheritance to the culture of the Manchuria region are Gojoseon's forces.   From my point of view, I believe that their views are more universal and scientific than nationalistic deterrence in Chinese academia.